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H.B. 222

             1     

SUBPOENA POWER AMENDMENTS

             2     
2000 GENERAL SESSION

             3     
STATE OF UTAH

             4     
Sponsor: Neal B. Hendrickson

             5      AN ACT RELATING TO THE UTAH CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; MODIFYING
             6      THE SUBPOENA POWERS FOR AID OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND GRANTS OF
             7      IMMUNITY; AMENDING CERTAIN PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE RIGHT TO
             8      SUBPOENA WITNESSES; MODIFYING CERTAIN PROVISIONS GOVERNING
             9      DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION; AND MAKING TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.
             10      This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as follows:
             11      AMENDS:
             12          77-22-2, as last amended by Chapter 38, Laws of Utah 1993
             13      Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
             14          Section 1. Section 77-22-2 is amended to read:
             15           77-22-2. Investigations -- Right to subpoena witnesses and require production of
             16      evidence -- Contents of subpoena -- Rights of witnesses -- Interrogation before closed court
             17      -- Disclosure of information.
             18          (1) As used in this section, "prosecutor" means the attorney general, county attorney, or
             19      district attorney.
             20          [(1)] (2) (a) In any matter involving the investigation of a crime or malfeasance in office,
             21      or any criminal conspiracy or activity, the [attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney
             22      as provided under Sections 17-18-1 and 17-18-1.7 ] prosecutor may, upon application and approval
             23      of the district court and for good cause shown, conduct a criminal investigation.
             24          (b) The application and statement of good cause shall state whether or not any other
             25      investigative order related to the investigation at issue has been filed in another court.
             26          [(2)] (3) (a) [The attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney] Subject to the
             27      conditions established in Subsection (3)(b), the prosecutor may:


             28          (i) subpoena witnesses[,] before or after indictment or information is filed;
             29          (ii) compel their attendance and testimony under oath to be recorded by a suitable
             30      electronic recording device or to be given before any certified court reporter[,]; and
             31          (iii) require the production of books, papers, documents, recordings, and any other items
             32      that constitute evidence or may be relevant to the investigation.
             33          (b) The [attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney] prosecutor shall [first]:
             34          (i) apply to the district court for each subpoena; and [shall]
             35          (ii) show that the requested information is reasonably related to the criminal investigation
             36      authorized by the court.
             37          [(3)] (4) (a) The prosecutor shall state in each subpoena:
             38          [(a)] (i) the time and place of the [interrogation] examination;
             39          [(b)] (ii) that the subpoena is issued in aid of a criminal investigation; and
             40          [(c)] (iii) the right of the person subpoenaed to have counsel present.
             41          (b) The examination may be conducted anywhere within the jurisdiction of the prosecutor
             42      issuing the subpoena.
             43          (c) The subpoena need not disclose the names of possible defendants.
             44          (d) Witness fees and expenses shall be paid as in a civil action.
             45          [(4)] (5) (a) [The prosecutor shall also personally inform each witness at] At the beginning
             46      of each compelled interrogation, the prosecutor shall personally inform each witness:
             47          [(a)] (i) of the general subject matter of the investigation;
             48          [(b)] (ii) of the privilege to, at any time during the proceeding [to], refuse to answer any
             49      question or produce any evidence of a communicative nature that may result in self-incrimination;
             50          [(c)] (iii) that any information provided may be used against the witness in a subsequent
             51      criminal proceeding; and
             52          [(d)] (iv) of the right to have counsel present.
             53          [(5)] (b) If the [attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney] prosecutor has
             54      substantial evidence that the subpoenaed witness has committed a crime that is under investigation,
             55      [he] the prosecutor shall:
             56          (i) inform [that] the witness in person [prior to] before interrogation of that witness's target
             57      status; and
             58          (ii) inform the witness of the nature of the charges under consideration against [him] the


             59      witness.
             60          [(6) (a) The subpoena need not disclose the names of possible defendants but shall state
             61      the time and place of the examination, which may be conducted anywhere within the jurisdiction
             62      of the prosecutor issuing the subpoena.]
             63          [(b) Witness fees and expenses shall be paid as in a civil action.]
             64          [(7)] (6) (a) (i) The [attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney] prosecutor may
             65      make written application to any district court showing a reasonable likelihood that publicly
             66      releasing information about the identity of a witness or the substance of the evidence resulting
             67      from a subpoena or interrogation would pose a threat of harm to a person or otherwise impede the
             68      investigation.
             69          (ii) Upon a finding of reasonable likelihood, the court may order the:
             70          [(i)] (A) interrogation of a witness be held in secret;
             71          [(ii)] (B) occurrence of the interrogation and other subpoenaing of evidence, the identity
             72      of the person subpoenaed, and the substance of the evidence obtained be kept secret; and
             73          [(iii)] (C) record of testimony and other subpoenaed evidence be kept secret unless the
             74      court for good cause otherwise orders.
             75          (b) After application, the court may by order exclude from any investigative hearing or
             76      proceeding any persons except:
             77          (i) the attorneys representing the state[,] and members of their staffs[,];
             78          (ii) persons who, in the judgment of the attorneys representing the state, are reasonably
             79      necessary to assist in the investigative process[,];
             80          (iii) the court reporter or operator of the electronic recording device[,]; and
             81          (iv) the attorney for the witness.
             82          (c) This chapter does not prevent attorneys representing the state or members of their staff
             83      from disclosing information obtained pursuant to this chapter for the purpose of furthering any
             84      official governmental investigation.
             85          (d) (i) If a secrecy order has been granted by the court regarding the interrogation or
             86      disclosure of evidence by a witness under this subsection, and if the court finds a further restriction
             87      on the witness is appropriate, the court may order the witness not to disclose the substance of the
             88      witness's testimony or evidence given by the witness to others.
             89          (ii) Any order to not disclose made under this subsection shall be served with the


             90      subpoena.
             91          (iii) In an appropriate circumstance the court may order that the witness not disclose the
             92      existence of the investigation to others.
             93          (iv) Any order under this Subsection (6)(d) must be based upon a finding by the court that
             94      one or more of the following risks exist:
             95          [(i)] (A) disclosure by the witness would cause destruction of evidence;
             96          [(ii)] (B) disclosure by the witness would taint the evidence provided by other witnesses;
             97          [(iii)] (C) disclosure by the witness to a target of the investigation would result in flight
             98      or other conduct to avoid prosecution;
             99          [(iv)] (D) disclosure by the witness would damage a person's reputation; or
             100          [(v)] (E) disclosure by the witness would cause a threat of harm to any person.
             101          (e) (i) If the court imposes an order under Subsection (6)(d) authorizing an instruction to
             102      a witness not to disclose the substance of testimony or evidence provided and the prosecuting
             103      agency proves by a preponderance of the evidence that a witness has violated that order, the court
             104      may hold the witness in contempt.
             105          (ii) An order of secrecy imposed on a witness under this Subsection (6)(e) may not infringe
             106      on the attorney-client relationship between the witness and his attorney or on any other legally
             107      recognized privileged relationship.
             108          [(8) If the state's application and good cause showing for the order authorizing the
             109      investigation and the order itself contain the identities of witnesses and targets of the investigation,
             110      the attorney general, county attorney, or district attorney]
             111          (7) (a) The prosecutor may submit [an application] to any district court [showing a
             112      reasonable likelihood that publicly releasing] a written request that the state's application and
             113      statement of good cause and the court's order authorizing the investigation be kept secret.
             114          (b) If the court determines that disclosure of information [about those identities] would
             115      pose a threat of harm to a [person] person's privacy, safety, or reputation, or otherwise impede the
             116      investigation[. The], or that other good cause exists, the court may order that the [application, for
             117      good cause shown, and order for the entire] investigation be kept secret and that the application,
             118      statement of good cause, order authorizing the investigation, secrecy request, and supporting
             119      documentation not be disclosed unless the court [for good cause] otherwise orders.





Legislative Review Note
    as of 1-11-00 11:54 AM


A limited legal review of this legislation raises no obvious constitutional or statutory concerns.

Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel


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