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H.B. 409

             1     

SENTENCING OF A PREGNANT PERSON FOR

             2     
CERTAIN DRUG OR ALCOHOL RELATED

             3     
OFFENSES

             4     
2007 GENERAL SESSION

             5     
STATE OF UTAH

             6     
Chief Sponsor: Eric K. Hutchings

             7     
Senate Sponsor: ____________

             8     
             9      LONG TITLE
             10      General Description:
             11          This bill requires that, when a person is sentenced for certain drug or alcohol related
             12      offenses, if the person was pregnant at the time of the offense, the court shall order that
             13      the person participate in drug or alcohol treatment.
             14      Highlighted Provisions:
             15          This bill:
             16          .    requires that when a person is convicted of possession of a controlled substance, or
             17      driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both, or with
             18      specified or unsafe blood alcohol concentration, the court shall order, as part of the
             19      person's sentence, that the person participate in drug or alcohol treatment, if, at the
             20      time of the offense upon which the conviction is based, the person was pregnant;
             21      and
             22          .     makes technical changes.
             23      Monies Appropriated in this Bill:
             24          None
             25      Other Special Clauses:
             26          None
             27      Utah Code Sections Affected:


             28      AMENDS:
             29          41-6a-505, as enacted by Chapter 2, Laws of Utah 2005
             30          58-37-8, as last amended by Chapters 8 and 30, Laws of Utah 2006
             31     
             32      Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
             33          Section 1. Section 41-6a-505 is amended to read:
             34           41-6a-505. Sentencing requirements for driving under the influence of alcohol,
             35      drugs, or a combination of both violations.
             36          (1) As part of any sentence for a first conviction of Section 41-6a-502 :
             37          (a) the court shall:
             38          (i) (A) impose a jail sentence of not less than 48 consecutive hours;
             39          (B) require the person to work in a compensatory-service work program for not less
             40      than 48 hours; or
             41          (C) require the person to participate in home confinement through the use of electronic
             42      monitoring in accordance with Section 41-6a-506 ;
             43          (ii) order the person to participate in a screening;
             44          (iii) order the person to participate in an assessment, if it is found appropriate by a
             45      screening under Subsection (1)(a)(ii);
             46          (iv) order the person to participate in an educational series if the court does not order
             47      substance abuse treatment as described under Subsection (1)(b);
             48          (v) impose a fine of not less than $700; and
             49          (vi) order probation for the person in accordance with Section 41-6a-507 , if there is
             50      admissible evidence that the person had a blood alcohol level of .16 or higher; and
             51          (b) the court may:
             52          (i) order the person to obtain substance abuse treatment if the substance abuse
             53      treatment program determines that substance abuse treatment is appropriate; or
             54          (ii) order probation for the person in accordance with Section 41-6a-507 .
             55          (2) If a person is convicted under Section 41-6a-502 within ten years of a prior
             56      conviction as defined in Subsection 41-6a-501 (2):
             57          (a) the court shall:
             58          (i) (A) impose a jail sentence of not less than 240 consecutive hours;


             59          (B) require the person to work in a compensatory-service work program for not less
             60      than 240 hours; or
             61          (C) require the person to participate in home confinement through the use of electronic
             62      monitoring in accordance with Section 41-6a-506 ;
             63          (ii) order the person to participate in a screening;
             64          (iii) order the person to participate in an assessment, if it is found appropriate by a
             65      screening under Subsection (2)(a)(ii);
             66          (iv) order the person to participate in an educational series if the court does not order
             67      substance abuse treatment as described under Subsection (2)(b);
             68          (v) impose a fine of not less than $800; and
             69          (vi) order probation for the person in accordance with Section 41-6a-507 ; and
             70          (b) the court may order the person to obtain substance abuse treatment if the substance
             71      abuse treatment program determines that substance abuse treatment is appropriate.
             72          (3) Under Subsection 41-6a-503 (2), if the court suspends the execution of a prison
             73      sentence and places the defendant on probation:
             74          (a) the court shall impose:
             75          (i) a fine of not less than $1,500;
             76          (ii) a jail sentence of not less than 1,500 hours;
             77          (iii) supervised probation; and
             78          (iv) an order requiring the person to obtain a screening and assessment and substance
             79      abuse treatment at a substance abuse treatment program providing intensive care or inpatient
             80      treatment and long-term closely supervised follow-through after treatment for not less than 240
             81      hours; and
             82          (b) the court may require the person to participate in home confinement through the use
             83      of electronic monitoring in accordance with Section 41-6a-506 .
             84          (4) (a) The requirements of Subsections (1)(a), (2)(a), and (3)(a) may not be suspended.
             85          (b) Probation or parole resulting from a conviction for a violation under this section
             86      may not be terminated.
             87          (5) If a person is convicted of a violation of Section 41-6a-502 and there is admissible
             88      evidence that the person had a blood alcohol level of .16 or higher, the court shall order the
             89      following, or describe on record why the order or orders are not appropriate:


             90          (a) treatment as described under Subsection (1)(b), (2)(b), or (3)(a)(iv); and
             91          (b) one or both of the following:
             92          (i) the installation of an ignition interlock system as a condition of probation for the
             93      person in accordance with Section 41-6a-518 ; or
             94          (ii) the imposition of home confinement through the use of electronic monitoring in
             95      accordance with Section 41-6a-506 .
             96          (6) (a) As part of a sentence imposed for a conviction under Section 41-6a-502 , the
             97      court shall order that the person participate in drug or alcohol treatment if, at the time of the
             98      offense upon which the conviction is based, the person was pregnant.
             99          (b) The sentencing provision described in Subsection (6)(a) may not be suspended by
             100      the court.
             101          (c) The drug or alcohol treatment described in this section shall include, if available,
             102      education on the risks of consuming drugs or alcohol during a pregnancy.
             103          (d) The provisions of this Subsection (6) supercede any other provision of law that
             104      conflicts with the provisions of this Subsection (6).
             105          Section 2. Section 58-37-8 is amended to read:
             106           58-37-8. Prohibited acts -- Penalties.
             107          (1) Prohibited acts A -- Penalties:
             108          (a) Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to knowingly and
             109      intentionally:
             110          (i) produce, manufacture, or dispense, or to possess with intent to produce,
             111      manufacture, or dispense, a controlled or counterfeit substance;
             112          (ii) distribute a controlled or counterfeit substance, or to agree, consent, offer, or
             113      arrange to distribute a controlled or counterfeit substance;
             114          (iii) possess a controlled or counterfeit substance with intent to distribute; or
             115          (iv) engage in a continuing criminal enterprise where:
             116          (A) the person participates, directs, or engages in conduct which results in any
             117      violation of any provision of [Title 58,] Chapters 37, 37a, 37b, 37c, or 37d that is a felony; and
             118          (B) the violation is a part of a continuing series of two or more violations of [Title 58,]
             119      Chapters 37, 37a, 37b, 37c, or 37d on separate occasions that are undertaken in concert with
             120      five or more persons with respect to whom the person occupies a position of organizer,


             121      supervisor, or any other position of management.
             122          (b) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (1)(a) with respect to:
             123          (i) a substance classified in Schedule I or II, a controlled substance analog, or
             124      gammahydroxybutyric acid as listed in Schedule III is guilty of a second degree felony and
             125      upon a second or subsequent conviction is guilty of a first degree felony;
             126          (ii) a substance classified in Schedule III or IV, or marijuana, is guilty of a third degree
             127      felony, and upon a second or subsequent conviction is guilty of a second degree felony; or
             128          (iii) a substance classified in Schedule V is guilty of a class A misdemeanor and upon a
             129      second or subsequent conviction is guilty of a third degree felony.
             130          (c) Any person who has been convicted of a violation of Subsection (1)(a)(ii) or (iii)
             131      may be sentenced to imprisonment for an indeterminate term as provided by law, but if the trier
             132      of fact finds a firearm as defined in Section 76-10-501 was used, carried, or possessed on his
             133      person or in his immediate possession during the commission or in furtherance of the offense,
             134      the court shall additionally sentence the person convicted for a term of one year to run
             135      consecutively and not concurrently; and the court may additionally sentence the person
             136      convicted for an indeterminate term not to exceed five years to run consecutively and not
             137      concurrently.
             138          (d) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (1)(a)(iv) is guilty of a first degree
             139      felony punishable by imprisonment for an indeterminate term of not less than seven years and
             140      which may be for life. Imposition or execution of the sentence may not be suspended, and the
             141      person is not eligible for probation.
             142          (2) Prohibited acts B -- Penalties:
             143          (a) It is unlawful:
             144          (i) for any person knowingly and intentionally to possess or use a controlled substance
             145      analog or a controlled substance, unless it was obtained under a valid prescription or order,
             146      directly from a practitioner while acting in the course of his professional practice, or as
             147      otherwise authorized by this chapter;
             148          (ii) for any owner, tenant, licensee, or person in control of any building, room,
             149      tenement, vehicle, boat, aircraft, or other place knowingly and intentionally to permit them to
             150      be occupied by persons unlawfully possessing, using, or distributing controlled substances in
             151      any of those locations; or


             152          (iii) for any person knowingly and intentionally to possess an altered or forged
             153      prescription or written order for a controlled substance.
             154          (b) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (2)(a)(i) with respect to:
             155          (i) marijuana, if the amount is 100 pounds or more, is guilty of a second degree felony;
             156          (ii) a substance classified in Schedule I or II, marijuana, if the amount is more than 16
             157      ounces, but less than 100 pounds, or a controlled substance analog, is guilty of a third degree
             158      felony; or
             159          (iii) marijuana, if the marijuana is not in the form of an extracted resin from any part of
             160      the plant, and the amount is more than one ounce but less than 16 ounces, is guilty of a class A
             161      misdemeanor.
             162          (c) Upon a person's conviction of a violation of this Subsection (2) subsequent to a
             163      conviction under Subsection (1)(a), that person shall be sentenced to a one degree greater
             164      penalty than provided in this Subsection (2).
             165          (d) Any person who violates Subsection (2)(a)(i) with respect to all other controlled
             166      substances not included in Subsection (2)(b)(i), (ii), or (iii), including less than one ounce of
             167      marijuana, is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. Upon a second conviction the person is guilty
             168      of a class A misdemeanor, and upon a third or subsequent conviction the person is guilty of a
             169      third degree felony.
             170          (e) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (2)(a)(i) while inside the exterior
             171      boundaries of property occupied by any correctional facility as defined in Section 64-13-1 or
             172      any public jail or other place of confinement shall be sentenced to a penalty one degree greater
             173      than provided in Subsection (2)(b), and if the conviction is with respect to controlled
             174      substances as listed in:
             175          (i) Subsection (2)(b), the person may be sentenced to imprisonment for an
             176      indeterminate term as provided by law, and:
             177          (A) the court shall additionally sentence the person convicted to a term of one year to
             178      run consecutively and not concurrently; and
             179          (B) the court may additionally sentence the person convicted for an indeterminate term
             180      not to exceed five years to run consecutively and not concurrently; and
             181          (ii) Subsection (2)(d), the person may be sentenced to imprisonment for an
             182      indeterminate term as provided by law, and the court shall additionally sentence the person


             183      convicted to a term of six months to run consecutively and not concurrently.
             184          (f) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (2)(a)(ii) or (2)(a)(iii) is:
             185          (i) on a first conviction, guilty of a class B misdemeanor;
             186          (ii) on a second conviction, guilty of a class A misdemeanor; and
             187          (iii) on a third or subsequent conviction, guilty of a third degree felony.
             188          (g) A person is subject to the penalties under Subsection (2)(h) who, in an offense not
             189      amounting to a violation of Section 76-5-207 :
             190          (i) violates Subsection (2)(a)(i) by knowingly and intentionally having in his body any
             191      measurable amount of a controlled substance; and
             192          (ii) operates a motor vehicle as defined in Section 76-5-207 in a negligent manner,
             193      causing serious bodily injury as defined in Section 76-1-601 or the death of another.
             194          (h) A person who violates Subsection (2)(g) by having in his body:
             195          (i) a controlled substance classified under Schedule I, other than those described in
             196      Subsection (2)(h)(ii), or a controlled substance classified under Schedule II is guilty of a second
             197      degree felony;
             198          (ii) marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinols, or equivalents described in Subsection
             199      58-37-4 (2)(a)(iii)(S) or (AA) is guilty of a third degree felony; or
             200          (iii) any controlled substance classified under Schedules III, IV, or V is guilty of a class
             201      A misdemeanor.
             202          (3) Prohibited acts C -- Penalties:
             203          (a) It is unlawful for any person knowingly and intentionally:
             204          (i) to use in the course of the manufacture or distribution of a controlled substance a
             205      license number which is fictitious, revoked, suspended, or issued to another person or, for the
             206      purpose of obtaining a controlled substance, to assume the title of, or represent himself to be, a
             207      manufacturer, wholesaler, apothecary, physician, dentist, veterinarian, or other authorized
             208      person;
             209          (ii) to acquire or obtain possession of, to procure or attempt to procure the
             210      administration of, to obtain a prescription for, to prescribe or dispense to any person known to
             211      be attempting to acquire or obtain possession of, or to procure the administration of any
             212      controlled substance by misrepresentation or failure by the person to disclose his receiving any
             213      controlled substance from another source, fraud, forgery, deception, subterfuge, alteration of a


             214      prescription or written order for a controlled substance, or the use of a false name or address;
             215          (iii) to make any false or forged prescription or written order for a controlled substance,
             216      or to utter the same, or to alter any prescription or written order issued or written under the
             217      terms of this chapter; or
             218          (iv) to make, distribute, or possess any punch, die, plate, stone, or other thing designed
             219      to print, imprint, or reproduce the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, or
             220      device of another or any likeness of any of the foregoing upon any drug or container or labeling
             221      so as to render any drug a counterfeit controlled substance.
             222          (b) Any person convicted of violating Subsection (3)(a) is guilty of a third degree
             223      felony.
             224          (4) Prohibited acts D -- Penalties:
             225          (a) Notwithstanding other provisions of this section, a person not authorized under this
             226      chapter who commits any act declared to be unlawful under this section, Title 58, Chapter 37a,
             227      Utah Drug Paraphernalia Act, or under Title 58, Chapter 37b, Imitation Controlled Substances
             228      Act, is upon conviction subject to the penalties and classifications under this Subsection (4) if
             229      the trier of fact finds the act is committed:
             230          (i) in a public or private elementary or secondary school or on the grounds of any of
             231      those schools;
             232          (ii) in a public or private vocational school or postsecondary institution or on the
             233      grounds of any of those schools or institutions;
             234          (iii) in those portions of any building, park, stadium, or other structure or grounds
             235      which are, at the time of the act, being used for an activity sponsored by or through a school or
             236      institution under Subsections (4)(a)(i) and (ii);
             237          (iv) in or on the grounds of a preschool or child-care facility;
             238          (v) in a public park, amusement park, arcade, or recreation center;
             239          (vi) in or on the grounds of a house of worship as defined in Section 76-10-501 ;
             240          (vii) in a shopping mall, sports facility, stadium, arena, theater, movie house,
             241      playhouse, or parking lot or structure adjacent thereto;
             242          (viii) in a public parking lot or structure;
             243          (ix) within 1,000 feet of any structure, facility, or grounds included in Subsections
             244      (4)(a)(i) through (viii);


             245          (x) in the immediate presence of a person younger than 18 years of age, regardless of
             246      where the act occurs; or
             247          (xi) for the purpose of facilitating, arranging, or causing the transport, delivery, or
             248      distribution of a substance in violation of this section to an inmate or on the grounds of any
             249      correctional facility as defined in Section 76-8-311.3 .
             250          (b) A person convicted under this Subsection (4) is guilty of a first degree felony and
             251      shall be imprisoned for a term of not less than five years if the penalty that would otherwise
             252      have been established but for this subsection would have been a first degree felony. Imposition
             253      or execution of the sentence may not be suspended, and the person is not eligible for probation.
             254          (c) If the classification that would otherwise have been established would have been
             255      less than a first degree felony but for this Subsection (4), a person convicted under this
             256      Subsection (4) is guilty of one degree more than the maximum penalty prescribed for that
             257      offense. This Subsection (4)(c) does not apply to a violation of Subsection (2)(g).
             258          (d) (i) If the violation is of Subsection (4)(a)(xi):
             259          (A) the person may be sentenced to imprisonment for an indeterminate term as
             260      provided by law, and the court shall additionally sentence the person convicted for a term of
             261      one year to run consecutively and not concurrently; and
             262          (B) the court may additionally sentence the person convicted for an indeterminate term
             263      not to exceed five years to run consecutively and not concurrently; and
             264          (ii) the penalties under this Subsection (4)(d) apply also to any person who, acting with
             265      the mental state required for the commission of an offense, directly or indirectly solicits,
             266      requests, commands, coerces, encourages, or intentionally aids another person to commit a
             267      violation of Subsection (4)(a)(xi).
             268          (e) It is not a defense to a prosecution under this Subsection (4) that the actor
             269      mistakenly believed the individual to be 18 years of age or older at the time of the offense or
             270      was unaware of the individual's true age; nor that the actor mistakenly believed that the
             271      location where the act occurred was not as described in Subsection (4)(a) or was unaware that
             272      the location where the act occurred was as described in Subsection (4)(a).
             273          (5) Any violation of this chapter for which no penalty is specified is a class B
             274      misdemeanor.
             275          (6) (a) Any penalty imposed for violation of this section is in addition to, and not in


             276      lieu of, any civil or administrative penalty or sanction authorized by law.
             277          (b) Where violation of this chapter violates a federal law or the law of another state,
             278      conviction or acquittal under federal law or the law of another state for the same act is a bar to
             279      prosecution in this state.
             280          (7) In any prosecution for a violation of this chapter, evidence or proof which shows a
             281      person or persons produced, manufactured, possessed, distributed, or dispensed a controlled
             282      substance or substances, is prima facie evidence that the person or persons did so with
             283      knowledge of the character of the substance or substances.
             284          (8) This section does not prohibit a veterinarian, in good faith and in the course of his
             285      professional practice only and not for humans, from prescribing, dispensing, or administering
             286      controlled substances or from causing the substances to be administered by an assistant or
             287      orderly under his direction and supervision.
             288          (9) Civil or criminal liability may not be imposed under this section on:
             289          (a) any person registered under this chapter who manufactures, distributes, or possesses
             290      an imitation controlled substance for use as a placebo or investigational new drug by a
             291      registered practitioner in the ordinary course of professional practice or research; or
             292          (b) any law enforcement officer acting in the course and legitimate scope of his
             293      employment.
             294          (10) (a) Civil or criminal liability may not be imposed under this section on any Indian,
             295      as defined in Subsection 58-37-2 (1)(v), who uses, possesses, or transports peyote for bona fide
             296      traditional ceremonial purposes in connection with the practice of a traditional Indian religion
             297      as defined in Subsection 58-37-2 (1)(w).
             298          (b) In a prosecution alleging violation of this section regarding peyote as defined in
             299      Subsection 58-37-4 (2)(a)(iii)(V), it is an affirmative defense that the peyote was used,
             300      possessed, or transported by an Indian for bona fide traditional ceremonial purposes in
             301      connection with the practice of a traditional Indian religion.
             302          (c) (i) The defendant shall provide written notice of intent to claim an affirmative
             303      defense under this Subsection (10) as soon as practicable, but not later than ten days prior to
             304      trial.
             305          (ii) The notice shall include the specific claims of the affirmative defense.
             306          (iii) The court may waive the notice requirement in the interest of justice for good


             307      cause shown, if the prosecutor is not unfairly prejudiced by the lack of timely notice.
             308          (d) The defendant shall establish the affirmative defense under this Subsection (10) by
             309      a preponderance of the evidence. If the defense is established, it is a complete defense to the
             310      charges.
             311          (11) (a) As part of a sentence imposed for a conviction under Subsection (2)(a)(i), the
             312      court shall order that the person participate in drug treatment if, at the time of the offense upon
             313      which the conviction is based, the person was pregnant.
             314          (b) The sentencing provision described in Subsection (11)(a) may not be suspended by
             315      the court.
             316          (c) The drug treatment described in this section shall include, if available, education on
             317      the risks of consuming drugs during a pregnancy.
             318          (d) The provisions of this Subsection (11) supercede any other provision of law that
             319      conflicts with the provisions of this Subsection (11).
             320          [(11)] (12) If any provision of this chapter, or the application of any provision to any
             321      person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of this chapter shall be given effect
             322      without the invalid provision or application.




Legislative Review Note
    as of 2-22-07 4:12 PM


Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel


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