12/31/2023Utah Consumer Privacy ActGeneral Provisions1/1/2027Amended by Chapter 95, 2026 General Session2026Definitions.As used in this chapter:"Account" means the Consumer Privacy Restricted Account established in Section 13-61-403."Affiliate" means an entity that:controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another entity; orshares common branding with another entity."Aggregated data" means information that relates to a group or category of consumers:from which individual consumer identities have been removed; andthat is not linked or reasonably linkable to any consumer."Air carrier" means the same as that term is defined in 49 U.S.C. Sec. 40102."Authenticate" means to use reasonable means to determine that a consumer's request to exercise the rights described in Section 13-61-201 is made by the consumer who is entitled to exercise those rights."Biometric data" means data generated by automatic measurements of an individual's unique biological characteristics."Biometric data" includes data described in Subsection (6)(a) that are generated by automatic measurements of an individual's fingerprint, voiceprint, eye retinas, irises, or any other unique biological pattern or characteristic that is used to identify a specific individual."Biometric data" does not include:a physical or digital photograph;a video or audio recording;data generated from an item described in Subsection (6)(c)(i) or (ii);information captured from a patient in a health care setting; orinformation collected, used, or stored for treatment, payment, or health care operations as those terms are defined in 45 C.F.R. Parts 160, 162, and 164."Business associate" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Child" means an individual younger than 13 years old."Consent" means an affirmative act by a consumer that unambiguously indicates the consumer's voluntary and informed agreement to allow a person to process personal data related to the consumer."Consumer" means an individual who is a resident of the state acting in an individual or household context."Consumer" does not include an individual acting in an employment or commercial context."Control" or "controlled" as used in Subsection (2) means:ownership of, or the power to vote, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities of an entity;control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors or of the individuals exercising similar functions; orthe power to exercise controlling influence of the management of an entity."Controller" means a person doing business in the state who determines the purposes for which and the means by which personal data are processed, regardless of whether the person makes the determination alone or with others."Covered entity" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Deidentified data" means data that:cannot reasonably be linked to an identified individual or an identifiable individual; andare possessed by a controller who:takes reasonable measures to ensure that a person cannot associate the data with an individual;publicly commits to maintain and use the data only in deidentified form and not attempt to reidentify the data; andcontractually obligates any recipients of the data to comply with the requirements described in Subsections (14)(a)(ii)(A) and (B)."Deidentified data" includes synthetic data."Director" means the director of the Division of Consumer Protection."Division" means the Division of Consumer Protection created in Section 13-2-102."Governmental entity" means the same as that term is defined in Section 63G-2-103."Health care facility" means the same as that term is defined in Section 26B-2-201."Health care provider" means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403."Identifiable individual" means an individual who can be readily identified, directly or indirectly."Institution of higher education" means a public or private institution of higher education."Local political subdivision" means the same as that term is defined in Section 11-14-102."Nonprofit corporation" means:the same as that term is defined in Section 16-6a-102; ora foreign nonprofit corporation as defined in Section 16-6a-102."Personal data" means information that is linked or reasonably linkable to an identified individual or an identifiable individual."Personal data" does not include deidentified data, aggregated data, or publicly available information."Process" means an operation or set of operations performed on personal data, including collection, use, storage, disclosure, analysis, deletion, or modification of personal data."Processor" means a person who processes personal data on behalf of a controller."Protected health information" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Pseudonymous data" means personal data that cannot be attributed to a specific individual without the use of additional information, if the additional information is:kept separate from the consumer's personal data; andsubject to appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributable to an identified individual or an identifiable individual."Publicly available information" means information that a person:lawfully obtains from a record of a governmental entity;reasonably believes a consumer or widely distributed media has lawfully made available to the general public; orif the consumer has not restricted the information to a specific audience, obtains from a person to whom the consumer disclosed the information."Right" means a consumer right described in Section 13-61-201."Sale," "sell," or "sold" means the exchange of personal data for monetary consideration by a controller to a third party."Sale," "sell," or "sold" does not include:a controller's disclosure of personal data to a processor who processes the personal data on behalf of the controller;a controller's disclosure of personal data to an affiliate of the controller;considering the context in which the consumer provided the personal data to the controller, a controller's disclosure of personal data to a third party if the purpose is consistent with a consumer's reasonable expectations;the disclosure or transfer of personal data when a consumer directs a controller to:disclose the personal data; orinteract with one or more third parties;a consumer's disclosure of personal data to a third party for the purpose of providing a product or service requested by the consumer or a parent or legal guardian of a child;the disclosure of information that the consumer:intentionally makes available to the general public via a channel of mass media; anddoes not restrict to a specific audience; ora controller's transfer of personal data to a third party as an asset that is part of a proposed or actual merger, an acquisition, or a bankruptcy in which the third party assumes control of all or part of the controller's assets."Sensitive data" means:personal data that reveals:an individual's racial or ethnic origin;an individual's religious beliefs;an individual's sexual orientation;an individual's citizenship or immigration status; orinformation regarding an individual's medical history, mental or physical health condition, or medical treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional;the processing of genetic personal data or biometric data, if the processing is for the purpose of identifying a specific individual; orspecific geolocation data."Sensitive data" does not include personal data that reveals an individual's:racial or ethnic origin, if the personal data are processed by a video communication service; orif the personal data are processed by a person licensed to provide health care under Title 26B, Chapter 2, Part 2, Health Care Facility Licensing and Inspection, or Title 58, Occupations and Professions, information regarding an individual's medical history, mental or physical health condition, or medical treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional."Specific geolocation data" means information derived from technology, including global position system level latitude and longitude coordinates, that directly identifies an individual's specific location, accurate within a radius of 1,750 feet or less."Specific geolocation data" does not include:the content of a communication; orany data generated by or connected to advanced utility metering infrastructure systems or equipment for use by a utility."Synthetic data" means data that has been generated by computer algorithms or statistical models and does not contain personal data."Targeted advertising" means displaying an advertisement to a consumer where the advertisement is selected based on personal data obtained from the consumer's activities over time and across nonaffiliated websites or online applications to predict the consumer's preferences or interests."Targeted advertising" does not include advertising:based on a consumer's activities within a controller's website or online application or any affiliated website or online application;based on the context of a consumer's current search query or visit to a website or online application;directed to a consumer in response to the consumer's request for information, product, a service, or feedback; orprocessing personal data solely to measure or report advertising:performance;reach; orfrequency."Third party" means a person other than:the consumer, controller, or processor; oran affiliate or contractor of the controller or the processor."Trade secret" means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that:derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from the information's disclosure or use; andis the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain the information's secrecy.1/1/2027Amended by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Definitions.As used in this chapter:"Account" means the Consumer Privacy Restricted Account established in Section 13-61-403."Affiliate" means an entity that:controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another entity; orshares common branding with another entity."Aggregated data" means information that relates to a group or category of consumers:from which individual consumer identities have been removed; andthat is not linked or reasonably linkable to any consumer."Air carrier" means the same as that term is defined in 49 U.S.C. Sec. 40102."Authenticate" means to use reasonable means to determine that a consumer's request to exercise the rights described in Section 13-61-201 is made by the consumer who is entitled to exercise those rights."Biometric data" means data generated by automatic measurements of an individual's unique biological characteristics."Biometric data" includes data described in Subsection (6)(a) that are generated by automatic measurements of an individual's fingerprint, voiceprint, eye retinas, irises, or any other unique biological pattern or characteristic that is used to identify a specific individual."Biometric data" does not include:a physical or digital photograph;a video or audio recording;data generated from an item described in Subsection (6)(c)(i) or (ii);information captured from a patient in a health care setting; orinformation collected, used, or stored for treatment, payment, or health care operations as those terms are defined in 45 C.F.R. Parts 160, 162, and 164."Business associate" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Child" means an individual younger than 13 years old."Consent" means an affirmative act by a consumer that unambiguously indicates the consumer's voluntary and informed agreement to allow a person to process personal data related to the consumer."Consumer" means an individual who is a resident of the state acting in an individual or household context."Consumer" does not include an individual acting in an employment or commercial context."Control" or "controlled" as used in Subsection (2) means:ownership of, or the power to vote, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities of an entity;control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors or of the individuals exercising similar functions; orthe power to exercise controlling influence of the management of an entity."Controller" means a person doing business in the state who determines the purposes for which and the means by which personal data are processed, regardless of whether the person makes the determination alone or with others."Covered entity" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Deidentified data" means data that:cannot reasonably be linked to an identified individual or an identifiable individual; andare possessed by a controller who:takes reasonable measures to ensure that a person cannot associate the data with an individual;publicly commits to maintain and use the data only in deidentified form and not attempt to reidentify the data; andcontractually obligates any recipients of the data to comply with the requirements described in this Subsection (14)(a)."Deidentified data" includes synthetic data."Director" means the director of the Division of Consumer Protection."Division" means the Division of Consumer Protection created in Section 13-2-102."Governmental entity" means the same as that term is defined in Section 63G-2-103."Health care facility" means the same as that term is defined in Section 26B-2-201."Health care provider" means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403."Identifiable individual" means an individual who can be readily identified, directly or indirectly."Institution of higher education" means a public or private institution of higher education."Local political subdivision" means the same as that term is defined in Section 11-14-102."Motor vehicle" means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-1a-102."Motor vehicle manufacturer" means a person who manufactures or assembles motor vehicles for sale or lease."Nonprofit corporation" means:the same as that term is defined in Section 16-6a-102; ora foreign nonprofit corporation as defined in Section 16-6a-102."Personal data" means information that is linked or reasonably linkable to an identified individual or an identifiable individual."Personal data" does not include deidentified data, aggregated data, or publicly available information."Process" means an operation or set of operations performed on personal data, including collection, use, storage, disclosure, analysis, deletion, or modification of personal data."Processor" means a person who processes personal data on behalf of a controller."Protected health information" means the same as that term is defined in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 160.103."Pseudonymous data" means personal data that cannot be attributed to a specific individual without the use of additional information, if the additional information is:kept separate from the consumer's personal data; andsubject to appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributable to an identified individual or an identifiable individual."Publicly available information" means information that a person:lawfully obtains from a record of a governmental entity;reasonably believes a consumer or widely distributed media has lawfully made available to the general public; orif the consumer has not restricted the information to a specific audience, obtains from a person to whom the consumer disclosed the information."Right" means a consumer right described in Section 13-61-201."Sale," "sell," or "sold" means the exchange of personal data for monetary consideration by a controller to a third party."Sale," "sell," or "sold" does not include:a controller's disclosure of personal data to a processor who processes the personal data on behalf of the controller;a controller's disclosure of personal data to an affiliate of the controller;considering the context in which the consumer provided the personal data to the controller, a controller's disclosure of personal data to a third party if the purpose is consistent with a consumer's reasonable expectations;the disclosure or transfer of personal data when a consumer directs a controller to:disclose the personal data; orinteract with one or more third parties;a consumer's disclosure of personal data to a third party for the purpose of providing a product or service requested by the consumer or a parent or legal guardian of a child;the disclosure of information that the consumer:intentionally makes available to the general public via a channel of mass media; anddoes not restrict to a specific audience; ora controller's transfer of personal data to a third party as an asset that is part of a proposed or actual merger, an acquisition, or a bankruptcy in which the third party assumes control of all or part of the controller's assets."Sensitive data" means:personal data that reveals:an individual's racial or ethnic origin;an individual's religious beliefs;an individual's sexual orientation;an individual's citizenship or immigration status; orinformation regarding an individual's medical history, mental or physical health condition, or medical treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional;the processing of genetic personal data or biometric data, if the processing is for the purpose of identifying a specific individual; orspecific geolocation data."Sensitive data" does not include personal data that reveals an individual's:racial or ethnic origin, if the personal data are processed by a video communication service; orif the personal data are processed by a person licensed to provide health care under Title 26B, Chapter 2, Part 2, Health Care Facility Licensing and Inspection, or Title 58, Occupations and Professions, information regarding an individual's medical history, mental or physical health condition, or medical treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional."Specific geolocation data" means information derived from technology, including global position system level latitude and longitude coordinates, that directly identifies an individual's specific location, accurate within a radius of 1,750 feet or less."Specific geolocation data" does not include:the content of a communication; orany data generated by or connected to advanced utility metering infrastructure systems or equipment for use by a utility."Synthetic data" means data that has been generated by computer algorithms or statistical models and does not contain personal data."Targeted advertising" means displaying an advertisement to a consumer where the advertisement is selected based on personal data obtained from the consumer's activities over time and across nonaffiliated websites or online applications to predict the consumer's preferences or interests."Targeted advertising" does not include advertising:based on a consumer's activities within a controller's website or online application or any affiliated website or online application;based on the context of a consumer's current search query or visit to a website or online application;directed to a consumer in response to the consumer's request for information, product, a service, or feedback; orprocessing personal data solely to measure or report advertising:performance;reach; orfrequency."Third party" means a person other than:the consumer, controller, or processor; oran affiliate or contractor of the controller or the processor."Trade secret" means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process, that:derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from the information's disclosure or use; andis the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain the information's secrecy."Vehicle data collection system" means a technology system or device installed in or on a motor vehicle that collects, transmits, or stores a consumer or occupant's personal data.1/1/2027Amended by Chapter 381, 2024 General Session2024Applicability.This chapter applies to any controller or processor who:conducts business in the state; orproduces a product or service that is targeted to consumers who are residents of the state;has annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more; andsatisfies one or more of the following thresholds:during a calendar year, controls or processes personal data of 100,000 or more consumers; orderives over 50% of the entity's gross revenue from the sale of personal data and controls or processes personal data of 25,000 or more consumers.This chapter does not apply to:a governmental entity or a third party under contract with a governmental entity when the third party is acting on behalf of the governmental entity;a tribe;an institution of higher education;a nonprofit corporation;a covered entity;a business associate;information that meets the definition of:protected health information for purposes of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1320d et seq., and related regulations;patient identifying information for purposes of 42 C.F.R. Part 2;identifiable private information for purposes of the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, 45 C.F.R. Part 46;identifiable private information or personal data collected as part of human subjects research pursuant to or under the same standards as:the good clinical practice guidelines issued by the International Council for Harmonisation; orthe Protection of Human Subjects under 21 C.F.R. Part 50 and Institutional Review Boards under 21 C.F.R. Part 56;personal data used or shared in research conducted in accordance with one or more of the requirements described in Subsection (2)(g)(iv);information and documents created specifically for, and collected and maintained by, a committee but not a board or council listed in Section 26B-1-204;information and documents created for purposes of the federal Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 11101 et seq., and related regulations;patient safety work product for purposes of 42 C.F.R. Part 3; orinformation that is:deidentified in accordance with the requirements for deidentification set forth in 45 C.F.R. Part 164; andderived from any of the health care-related information listed in this Subsection (2)(g);information originating from, and intermingled to be indistinguishable with, information under Subsection (2)(g) that is maintained by:a health care facility or health care provider; ora program or a qualified service organization as defined in 42 C.F.R. Sec. 2.11;information used only for public health activities and purposes as described in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 164.512;an activity by:a consumer reporting agency, as defined in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681a;a furnisher of information, as set forth in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681s-2, who provides information for use in a consumer report, as defined in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681a; ora user of a consumer report, as set forth in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681b;subject to regulation under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681 et seq.; andinvolving the collection, maintenance, disclosure, sale, communication, or use of any personal data bearing on a consumer's:credit worthiness;credit standing;credit capacity;character;general reputation;personal characteristics; ormode of living;a financial institution or an affiliate of a financial institution governed by, or personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 6801 et seq., and related regulations;personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994, 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2721 et seq.;personal data regulated by the federal Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232g, and related regulations;personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with the federal Farm Credit Act of 1971, 12 U.S.C. Sec. 2001 et seq.;data that are processed or maintained:in the course of an individual applying to, being employed by, or acting as an agent or independent contractor of a controller, processor, or third party, to the extent the collection and use of the data are related to the individual's role;as the emergency contact information of an individual described in Subsection (2)(o)(i) and used for emergency contact purposes; orto administer benefits for another individual relating to an individual described in Subsection (2)(o)(i) and used for the purpose of administering the benefits;an individual's processing of personal data for purely personal or household purposes; oran air carrier.A controller is in compliance with any obligation to obtain parental consent under this chapter if the controller complies with the verifiable parental consent mechanisms under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 6501 et seq., and the act's implementing regulations and exemptions.This chapter does not require a person to take any action in conflict with the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1320d et seq., or related regulations.1/1/2027Amended by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Applicability.This chapter applies to:any controller or processor who:conducts business in the state; orproduces a product or service that is targeted to consumers who are residents of the state;has annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more; andsatisfies one or more of the following thresholds:during a calendar year, controls or processes personal data of 100,000 or more consumers; orderives over 50% of the entity's gross revenue from the sale of personal data and controls or processes personal data of 25,000 or more consumers; ora motor vehicle manufacturer who:manufactures motor vehicles that are sold or leased in the state; and collects, transmits, or stores personal data through a vehicle data collection system.This chapter does not apply to:a governmental entity or a third party under contract with a governmental entity when the third party is acting on behalf of the governmental entity;a tribe;an institution of higher education;a nonprofit corporation;a covered entity;a business associate;information that meets the definition of:protected health information for purposes of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1320d et seq., and related regulations;patient identifying information for purposes of 42 C.F.R. Part 2;identifiable private information for purposes of the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, 45 C.F.R. Part 46;identifiable private information or personal data collected as part of human subjects research pursuant to or under the same standards as:the good clinical practice guidelines issued by the International Council for Harmonisation; orthe Protection of Human Subjects under 21 C.F.R. Part 50 and Institutional Review Boards under 21 C.F.R. Part 56;personal data used or shared in research conducted in accordance with one or more of the requirements described in Subsection (2)(g)(iv);information and documents created specifically for, and collected and maintained by, a committee but not a board or council listed in Section 26B-1-204;information and documents created for purposes of the federal Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 11101 et seq., and related regulations;patient safety work product for purposes of 42 C.F.R. Part 3; orinformation that is:deidentified in accordance with the requirements for deidentification set forth in 45 C.F.R. Part 164; andderived from any of the health care-related information listed in this Subsection (2)(g);information originating from, and intermingled to be indistinguishable with, information under Subsection (2)(g) that is maintained by:a health care facility or health care provider; ora program or a qualified service organization as defined in 42 C.F.R. Sec. 2.11;information used only for public health activities and purposes as described in 45 C.F.R. Sec. 164.512;an activity by:a consumer reporting agency, as defined in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681a;a furnisher of information, as set forth in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681s-2, who provides information for use in a consumer report, as defined in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681a; ora user of a consumer report, as set forth in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681b;subject to regulation under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1681 et seq.; andinvolving the collection, maintenance, disclosure, sale, communication, or use of any personal data bearing on a consumer's:credit worthiness;credit standing;credit capacity;character;general reputation;personal characteristics; ormode of living;a financial institution or an affiliate of a financial institution governed by, or personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 6801 et seq., and related regulations;personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994, 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2721 et seq.;personal data regulated by the federal Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232g, and related regulations;personal data collected, processed, sold, or disclosed in accordance with the federal Farm Credit Act of 1971, 12 U.S.C. Sec. 2001 et seq.;data that are processed or maintained:in the course of an individual applying to, being employed by, or acting as an agent or independent contractor of a controller, processor, or third party, to the extent the collection and use of the data are related to the individual's role;as the emergency contact information of an individual described in Subsection (2)(o)(i) and used for emergency contact purposes; orto administer benefits for another individual relating to an individual described in Subsection (2)(o)(i) and used for the purpose of administering the benefits;an individual's processing of personal data for purely personal or household purposes; oran air carrier.A controller is in compliance with any obligation to obtain parental consent under this chapter if the controller complies with the verifiable parental consent mechanisms under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 6501 et seq., and the act's implementing regulations and exemptions.This chapter does not require a person to take any action in conflict with the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1320d et seq., or related regulations.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Preemption -- Reference to other laws.
This chapter supersedes and preempts any ordinance, resolution, rule, or other regulation adopted by a local political subdivision regarding the processing of personal data by a controller or processor.
Any reference to federal law in this chapter includes any rules or regulations promulgated under the federal law.Rights Relating to Personal DataAmended by Chapter 468, 2025 General Session2025Consumer rights -- Access -- Deletion -- Portability -- Opt out of certain processing.A consumer has the right to:confirm whether a controller is processing the consumer's personal data; andaccess the consumer's personal data.A consumer has the right to delete the consumer's personal data that the consumer provided to the controller.A consumer has the right to obtain a copy of the consumer's personal data, that the consumer previously provided to the controller, in a format that:to the extent technically feasible, is portable;to the extent practicable, is readily usable; andallows the consumer to transmit the data to another controller without impediment, where the processing is carried out by automated means.A consumer has the right to request that a controller correct inaccuracies in the consumer's personal data, taking into account the nature of the personal data and the purposes of the processing of the consumer's personal data.A consumer has the right to opt out of the processing of the consumer's personal data for purposes of:targeted advertising; orthe sale of personal data.Nothing in this section requires a person to cause a breach of security system as defined in Section 13-44-102.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Exercising consumer rights.
A consumer may exercise a right by submitting a request to a controller, by means prescribed by the controller, specifying the right the consumer intends to exercise.
In the case of processing personal data concerning a known child, the parent or legal guardian of the known child shall exercise a right on the child's behalf.
In the case of processing personal data concerning a consumer subject to guardianship, conservatorship, or other protective arrangement under Title 75, Chapter 5, Protection of Persons Under Disability and Their Property, the guardian or the conservator of the consumer shall exercise a right on the consumer's behalf.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Controller's response to requests.
Subject to the other provisions of this chapter, a controller shall comply with a consumer's request under Section 13-61-202 to exercise a right.
Within 45 days after the day on which a controller receives a request to exercise a right, the controller shall:
take action on the consumer's request; and
inform the consumer of any action taken on the consumer's request.
The controller may extend once the initial 45-day period by an additional 45 days if reasonably necessary due to the complexity of the request or the volume of the requests received by the controller.
If a controller extends the initial 45-day period, before the initial 45-day period expires, the controller shall:
inform the consumer of the extension, including the length of the extension; and
provide the reasons the extension is reasonably necessary as described in Subsection (2)(b).
The 45-day period does not apply if the controller reasonably suspects the consumer's request is fraudulent and the controller is not able to authenticate the request before the 45-day period expires.
If, in accordance with this section, a controller chooses not to take action on a consumer's request, the controller shall within 45 days after the day on which the controller receives the request, inform the consumer of the reasons for not taking action.
A controller may not charge a fee for information in response to a request, unless the request is the consumer's second or subsequent request during the same 12-month period.
Notwithstanding Subsection (4)(a), a controller may charge a reasonable fee to cover the administrative costs of complying with a request or refuse to act on a request, if:
the request is excessive, repetitive, technically infeasible, or manifestly unfounded;
the controller reasonably believes the primary purpose in submitting the request was something other than exercising a right; or
the request, individually or as part of an organized effort, harasses, disrupts, or imposes undue burden on the resources of the controller's business.
A controller that charges a fee or refuses to act in accordance with this Subsection (4)(b) bears the burden of demonstrating the request satisfied one or more of the criteria described in Subsection (4)(b)(i).
If a controller is unable to authenticate a consumer request to exercise a right described in Section 13-61-201 using commercially reasonable efforts, the controller:
is not required to comply with the request; and
may request that the consumer provide additional information reasonably necessary to authenticate the request.Requirements for Controllers and ProcessorsEnacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Responsibility according to role.
A processor shall:
adhere to the controller's instructions; and
taking into account the nature of the processing and information available to the processor, by appropriate technical and organizational measures, insofar as reasonably practicable, assist the controller in meeting the controller's obligations, including obligations related to the security of processing personal data and notification of a breach of security system described in Section 13-44-202.
Before a processor performs processing on behalf of a controller, the processor and controller shall enter into a contract that:
clearly sets forth instructions for processing personal data, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of data subject to processing, the duration of the processing, and the parties' rights and obligations;
requires the processor to ensure each person processing personal data is subject to a duty of confidentiality with respect to the personal data; and
requires the processor to engage any subcontractor pursuant to a written contract that requires the subcontractor to meet the same obligations as the processor with respect to the personal data.
Determining whether a person is acting as a controller or processor with respect to a specific processing of data is a fact-based determination that depends upon the context in which personal data are to be processed.
A processor that adheres to a controller's instructions with respect to a specific processing of personal data remains a processor.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Responsibilities of controllers -- Transparency -- Purpose specification and data minimization -- Consent for secondary use -- Security -- Nondiscrimination -- Nonretaliation -- Nonwaiver of consumer rights.
A controller shall provide consumers with a reasonably accessible and clear privacy notice that includes:
the categories of personal data processed by the controller;
the purposes for which the categories of personal data are processed;
how consumers may exercise a right;
the categories of personal data that the controller shares with third parties, if any; and
the categories of third parties, if any, with whom the controller shares personal data.
If a controller sells a consumer's personal data to one or more third parties or engages in targeted advertising, the controller shall clearly and conspicuously disclose to the consumer the manner in which the consumer may exercise the right to opt out of the:
sale of the consumer's personal data; or
processing for targeted advertising.
A controller shall establish, implement, and maintain reasonable administrative, technical, and physical data security practices designed to:
protect the confidentiality and integrity of personal data; and
reduce reasonably foreseeable risks of harm to consumers relating to the processing of personal data.
Considering the controller's business size, scope, and type, a controller shall use data security practices that are appropriate for the volume and nature of the personal data at issue.
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a controller may not process sensitive data collected from a consumer without:
first presenting the consumer with clear notice and an opportunity to opt out of the processing; or
in the case of the processing of personal data concerning a known child, processing the data in accordance with the federal Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 6501 et seq., and the act's implementing regulations and exemptions.
A controller may not discriminate against a consumer for exercising a right by:
denying a good or service to the consumer;
charging the consumer a different price or rate for a good or service; or
providing the consumer a different level of quality of a good or service.
This Subsection (4) does not prohibit a controller from offering a different price, rate, level, quality, or selection of a good or service to a consumer, including offering a good or service for no fee or at a discount, if:
the consumer has opted out of targeted advertising; or
the offer is related to the consumer's voluntary participation in a bona fide loyalty, rewards, premium features, discounts, or club card program.
A controller is not required to provide a product, service, or functionality to a consumer if:
the consumer's personal data are or the processing of the consumer's personal data is reasonably necessary for the controller to provide the consumer the product, service, or functionality; and
the consumer does not:
provide the consumer's personal data to the controller; or
allow the controller to process the consumer's personal data.
Any provision of a contract that purports to waive or limit a consumer's right under this chapter is void.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Processing deidentified data or pseudonymous data.
The provisions of this chapter do not require a controller or processor to:
reidentify deidentified data or pseudonymous data;
maintain data in identifiable form or obtain, retain, or access any data or technology for the purpose of allowing the controller or processor to associate a consumer request with personal data; or
comply with an authenticated consumer request to exercise a right described in Subsections 13-61-202(1) through (3), if:
the controller is not reasonably capable of associating the request with the personal data; or
it would be unreasonably burdensome for the controller to associate the request with the personal data;
the controller does not:
use the personal data to recognize or respond to the consumer who is the subject of the personal data; or
associate the personal data with other personal data about the consumer; and
the controller does not sell or otherwise disclose the personal data to any third party other than a processor, except as otherwise permitted in this section.
The rights described in Subsections 13-61-201(1) through (3) do not apply to pseudonymous data if a controller demonstrates that any information necessary to identify a consumer is kept:
separately; and
subject to appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure the personal data are not attributed to an identified individual or an identifiable individual.
A controller who uses pseudonymous data or deidentified data shall take reasonable steps to ensure the controller:
complies with any contractual obligations to which the pseudonymous data or deidentified data are subject; and
promptly addresses any breach of a contractual obligation described in Subsection (3)(a).Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Limitations.
The requirements described in this chapter do not restrict a controller's or processor's ability to:
comply with a federal, state, or local law, rule, or regulation;
comply with a civil, criminal, or regulatory inquiry, investigation, subpoena, or summons by a federal, state, local, or other governmental entity;
cooperate with a law enforcement agency concerning activity that the controller or processor reasonably and in good faith believes may violate federal, state, or local laws, rules, or regulations;
investigate, establish, exercise, prepare for, or defend a legal claim;
provide a product or service requested by a consumer or a parent or legal guardian of a child;
perform a contract to which the consumer or the parent or legal guardian of a child is a party, including fulfilling the terms of a written warranty or taking steps at the request of the consumer or parent or legal guardian before entering into the contract with the consumer;
take immediate steps to protect an interest that is essential for the life or physical safety of the consumer or of another individual;
detect, prevent, protect against, or respond to a security incident, identity theft, fraud, harassment, malicious or deceptive activity, or any illegal activity; or
investigate, report, or prosecute a person responsible for an action described in Subsection (1)(h)(i);
preserve the integrity or security of systems; or
investigate, report, or prosecute a person responsible for harming or threatening the integrity or security of systems, as applicable;
if the controller discloses the processing in a notice described in Section 13-61-302, engage in public or peer-reviewed scientific, historical, or statistical research in the public interest that adheres to all other applicable ethics and privacy laws;
assist another person with an obligation described in this subsection;
process personal data to:
conduct internal analytics or other research to develop, improve, or repair a controller's or processor's product, service, or technology;
identify and repair technical errors that impair existing or intended functionality; or
effectuate a product recall;
process personal data to perform an internal operation that is:
reasonably aligned with the consumer's expectations based on the consumer's existing relationship with the controller; or
otherwise compatible with processing to aid the controller or processor in providing a product or service specifically requested by a consumer or a parent or legal guardian of a child or the performance of a contract to which the consumer or a parent or legal guardian of a child is a party; or
retain a consumer's email address to comply with the consumer's request to exercise a right.
This chapter does not apply if a controller's or processor's compliance with this chapter:
violates an evidentiary privilege under Utah law;
as part of a privileged communication, prevents a controller or processor from providing personal data concerning a consumer to a person covered by an evidentiary privilege under Utah law; or
adversely affects the privacy or other rights of any person.
A controller or processor is not in violation of this chapter if:
the controller or processor discloses personal data to a third party controller or processor in compliance with this chapter;
the third party processes the personal data in violation of this chapter; and
the disclosing controller or processor did not have actual knowledge of the third party's intent to commit a violation of this chapter.
If a controller processes personal data under an exemption described in Subsection (1), the controller bears the burden of demonstrating that the processing qualifies for the exemption.
Nothing in this chapter requires a controller, processor, third party, or consumer to disclose a trade secret.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022No private cause of action.A violation of this chapter does not provide a basis for, nor is a violation of this chapter subject to, a private right of action under this chapter or any other law.EnforcementEnacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Investigative powers of division.
The division shall establish and administer a system to receive consumer complaints regarding a controller's or processor's alleged violation of this chapter.
The division may investigate a consumer complaint to determine whether the controller or processor violated or is violating this chapter.
If the director has reasonable cause to believe that substantial evidence exists that a person identified in a consumer complaint is in violation of this chapter, the director shall refer the matter to the attorney general.
Upon request, the division shall provide consultation and assistance to the attorney general in enforcing this chapter.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Enforcement powers of the attorney general.
The attorney general has the exclusive authority to enforce this chapter.
Upon referral from the division, the attorney general may initiate an enforcement action against a controller or processor for a violation of this chapter.
At least 30 days before the day on which the attorney general initiates an enforcement action against a controller or processor, the attorney general shall provide the controller or processor:
written notice identifying each provision of this chapter the attorney general alleges the controller or processor has violated or is violating; and
an explanation of the basis for each allegation.
The attorney general may not initiate an action if the controller or processor:
cures the noticed violation within 30 days after the day on which the controller or processor receives the written notice described in Subsection (3)(a); and
provides the attorney general an express written statement that:
the violation has been cured; and
no further violation of the cured violation will occur.
The attorney general may initiate an action against a controller or processor who:
fails to cure a violation after receiving the notice described in Subsection (3)(a); or
after curing a noticed violation and providing a written statement in accordance with Subsection (3)(b), continues to violate this chapter.
In an action described in Subsection (3)(c), the attorney general may recover:
actual damages to the consumer; and
for each violation described in Subsection (3)(c), an amount not to exceed $7,500.
All money received from an action under this chapter shall be deposited into the Consumer Privacy Account established in Section 13-61-403.
If more than one controller or processor are involved in the same processing in violation of this chapter, the liability for the violation shall be allocated among the controllers or processors according to the principles of comparative fault.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Consumer Privacy Restricted Account.
There is created a restricted account known as the "Consumer Privacy Account."
The account shall be funded by money received through civil enforcement actions under this chapter.
Upon appropriation, the division or the attorney general may use money deposited into the account for:
investigation and administrative costs incurred by the division in investigating consumer complaints alleging violations of this chapter;
recovery of costs and attorney fees accrued by the attorney general in enforcing this chapter; and
providing consumer and business education regarding:
consumer rights under this chapter; and
compliance with the provisions of this chapter for controllers and processors.
If the balance in the account exceeds $4,000,000 at the close of any fiscal year, the Division of Finance shall transfer the amount that exceeds $4,000,000 into the General Fund.Enacted by Chapter 462, 2022 General Session2022Attorney general report.
The attorney general and the division shall compile a report:
evaluating the liability and enforcement provisions of this chapter, including the effectiveness of the attorney general's and the division's efforts to enforce this chapter; and
summarizing the data protected and not protected by this chapter including, with reasonable detail, a list of the types of information that are publicly available from local, state, and federal government sources.
The attorney general and the division may update the report as new information becomes available.
The attorney general and the division shall submit the report to the Business and Labor Interim Committee before July 1, 2025.1/1/2027Motor Vehicle Data Privacy1/1/2027Enacted by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Definitions.As used in this part:"Connected device" means a consumer's mobile phone, tablet, or similar personal electronic device that connects to a motor vehicle through the in-vehicle interface for purposes of accessing the device's applications, contacts, or other data through the vehicle's display."In-vehicle interface" means a display screen, control panel, or other interactive system in a motor vehicle through which an individual may access or control motor vehicle functions or settings."Readily accessible data" means personal data that:a consumer directly inputs into or provides to the motor vehicle from a connected device through a motor vehicle's in-vehicle interface; andis stored locally on the motor vehicle and accessible through the in-vehicle interface.1/1/2027Enacted by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Motor vehicle manufacturer requirements.Except as provided in Subsection (2), a motor vehicle manufacturer shall, for a motor vehicle with a model year 2030 or later, provide in-vehicle privacy controls that allow a consumer to:view the categories of personal data the vehicle data collection system collects;view the categories of third parties with whom the motor vehicle manufacturer shares personal data;opt out of the sale of personal data or processing for targeted advertising; anddelete readily accessible data.A motor vehicle manufacturer is not required to comply with Subsection (1) for a specific motor vehicle model if the manufacturer demonstrates that the model is not technologically capable of providing the privacy controls described in Subsection (1).A motor vehicle manufacturer shall make the in-vehicle privacy controls described in Subsection (1):accessible through the motor vehicle's in-vehicle interface;accessible to any individual operating the motor vehicle; andclearly labeled and easy to locate within the in-vehicle interface.The settings selected by a consumer using the in-vehicle privacy controls shall remain in effect until the consumer changes the settings.A motor vehicle manufacturer may provide the consumer with access to privacy controls through a website or mobile application in addition to the in-vehicle privacy controls required by this section, but may not require the consumer to use a website or mobile application to exercise the rights described in this section.If a motor vehicle manufacturer receives a court order requiring deletion or a request that includes a copy of a legally issued protective order, the motor vehicle manufacturer shall delete all personal data within five business days after the day on which the motor vehicle manufacturer receives the court order or request.1/1/2027Enacted by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Exemptions for motor vehicle manufacturers.A motor vehicle manufacturer may collect personal data for the purpose of improving the motor vehicle manufacturer's product if the motor vehicle manufacturer:collects only the minimum personal data necessary to accomplish the purpose; anduses the personal data only for internal product improvement purposes.Personal data collected in accordance with Subsection (1) is not subject to the consent requirements of Section 13-61-302.Section 13-61-302 does not apply to personal data that a vehicle data collection system:collects solely for the purpose of:vehicle safety, including airbag deployment, operational safety, passenger safety, collision avoidance, or other safety features required by federal law;vehicle operation, including engine control, battery level, transmission operation, or other mechanical functions necessary to operate the motor vehicle; orcompliance with a federal or state law, rule, or regulation; orprocesses temporarily and does not transmit outside the motor vehicle or store for longer than necessary.1/1/2027Enacted by Chapter 193, 2026 General Session2026Motor Vehicle Division notification requirements.The Motor Vehicle Division, created in Section 41-1a-106, shall provide information on the division's website regarding the data privacy rights of motor vehicle owners under this part.