1     
ELECTIONS REVISIONS

2     
2017 GENERAL SESSION

3     
STATE OF UTAH

4     
Chief Sponsor: Brad M. Daw

5     
Senate Sponsor: Deidre M. Henderson

6     

7     LONG TITLE
8     General Description:
9           This bill changes processes related to elections.
10     Highlighted Provisions:
11          This bill:
12          ▸      creates requirements for an election officer who receives an invalid absentee ballot;
13          ▸     changes the time by which a county clerk is required to remove a deceased
14     individual's name from the official register;
15          ▸     makes changes to the process by which a paper ballot is adjudicated when a
16     question arises regarding a vote recorded on the paper ballot; and
17          ▸     makes technical changes.
18     Money Appropriated in this Bill:
19          None
20     Other Special Clauses:
21          This bill provides a coordination clause.
22     Utah Code Sections Affected:
23     AMENDS:
24          20A-2-305, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2012, Chapters 33 and 52
25          20A-3-302, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 173
26          20A-3-305, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 24
27          20A-4-104, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2006, Chapter 326
28          20A-4-105, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2013, Chapter 390
29     Utah Code Sections Affected by Coordination Clause:
30          20A-3-302, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 173
31          20A-3-308, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2012, Chapter 309
32     

33     Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
34          Section 1. Section 20A-2-305 is amended to read:
35          20A-2-305. Removing names from the official register -- General requirements.
36          (1) The county clerk may not remove a voter's name from the official register because
37     the voter has failed to vote in an election.
38          (2) The county clerk shall remove a voter's name from the official register if:
39          (a) the voter dies and the requirements of Subsection (3) are met;
40          (b) the county clerk, after complying with the requirements of Section 20A-2-306,
41     receives written confirmation from the voter that the voter no longer resides within the county
42     clerk's county;
43          (c) the county clerk has:
44          (i) obtained evidence that the voter's residence has changed;
45          (ii) mailed notice to the voter as required by Section 20A-2-306;
46          (iii) (A) received no response from the voter; or
47          (B) not received information that confirms the voter's residence; and
48          (iv) the voter has failed to vote or appear to vote in an election during the period
49     beginning on the date of the notice described in Section 20A-2-306 and ending on the day after
50     the date of the second regular general election occurring after the date of the notice;
51          (d) the voter requests, in writing, that the voter's name be removed from the official
52     register;
53          (e) the county clerk receives a returned voter identification card, determines that there
54     was no clerical error causing the card to be returned, and has no further information to contact
55     the voter;
56          (f) the county clerk receives notice that a voter has been convicted of any felony or a
57     misdemeanor for an offense under this title and the voter's right to vote has not been restored as
58     provided in Section 20A-2-101.3 or 20A-2-101.5; or
59          (g) the county clerk receives notice that a voter has registered to vote in another state
60     after the day on which the voter registered to vote in this state.
61          (3) The county clerk shall remove a voter's name from the [registration list within 21
62     days of receipt of] official register within five business days after the day on which the county
63     clerk receives confirmation from the Department of Health's Bureau of Vital Records that [a]
64     the voter is deceased.
65          Section 2. Section 20A-3-302 is amended to read:
66          20A-3-302. Conducting entire election by absentee ballot.
67          (1) (a) Notwithstanding Section 17B-1-306, an election officer may administer an
68     election entirely by absentee ballot.
69          (b) An election officer who administers an election entirely by absentee ballot, except
70     for an election conducted under Section 20A-7-609.5, shall, before the following dates, notify
71     the lieutenant governor that the election will be administered entirely by absentee ballot:
72          (i) February 1 of an even-numbered year if the election is a regular general election; or
73          (ii) May 1 of an odd-numbered year if the election is a municipal general election.
74          (2) If the election officer decides to administer an election entirely by absentee ballot,
75     the election officer shall mail to each registered voter within that voting precinct:
76          (a) an absentee ballot;
77          (b) for an election administered by a county clerk, information regarding the location
78     and hours of operation of any election day voting center at which the voter may vote;
79          (c) a courtesy reply mail envelope;
80          (d) instructions for returning the ballot that include an express notice about any
81     relevant deadlines that the voter must meet in order for the voter's vote to be counted; and
82          (e) for an election administered by an election officer other than a county clerk, if the
83     election officer does not operate a polling location or an election day voting center, a warning,
84     on a separate page of colored paper in bold face print, indicating that if the voter fails to follow
85     the instructions included with the absentee ballot, the voter will be unable to vote in that
86     election because there will be no polling place in the voting precinct on the day of the election.
87          (3) A voter who votes by absentee ballot under this section is not required to apply for
88     an absentee ballot as required by this part.
89          (4) An election officer who administers an election entirely by absentee ballot shall:
90          (a) (i) obtain, in person, the signatures of each voter within that voting precinct before
91     the election; or
92          (ii) obtain the signature of each voter within the voting precinct from the county clerk;
93     and
94          (b) maintain the signatures on file in the election officer's office.
95          (5) (a) Upon receiving the returned absentee ballots, the election officer shall compare
96     the signature on each absentee ballot with the voter's signature that is maintained on file and
97     verify that the signatures are the same.
98          (b) If the election officer questions the authenticity of the signature on the absentee
99     ballot, the election officer shall immediately contact the voter to verify the signature.
100          (c) If the election [official] officer determines that the signature on the absentee ballot
101     does not match the voter's signature that is maintained on file, the election officer shall contact
102     the voter by mail, email, or phone, and inform the voter :
103          (i) that the voter's signature is in question;
104          (ii) how the voter may resolve the issue;
105          (iii) that the voter shall sign and deliver an affidavit to the election officer attesting that
106     the voter voted the absentee ballot;
107          (iv) that the voter shall provide the voter's:
108          (A) name and date of birth; and
109          (B) driver license number or the last four digits of the voter's social security number;
110     and
111          (v) that by signing the absentee voter affidavit, the voter authorizes the lieutenant
112     governor's and county clerk's use of the applicant's signature on the affidavit for voter
113     identification purposes.
114          (d) A voter whom an election officer contacts under Subsection (5)(c) shall deliver the
115     affidavit described in Subsection (5)(c)(iii) to the election officer.
116          (e) An election officer who receives a signed affidavit under Subsection (5)(d) shall
117     immediately:
118          (i) scan the signature on the affidavit electronically and keep the signature on file in the
119     statewide voter registration database developed under Section 20A-2-109; and
120          [(i) unless the absentee ballot application deadline described in Section 20A-3-304 has
121     passed, immediately send another absentee ballot and other voting materials as required by this
122     section to the voter; and]
123          [(ii) disqualify the initial absentee ballot.]
124          (ii) if the canvass has not concluded, count the voter's ballot.
125          (f) An election officer may not count the ballot of a voter to whom the election officer
126     sends the notice described in Subsection (5)(c) if the election officer does not receive a signed
127     affidavit from the voter under Subsection (5)(d) or is not otherwise able to establish contact
128     with the voter to confirm the voter's identity.
129          (6) A county that administers an election entirely by absentee ballot:
130          (a) shall provide at least one election day voting center in accordance with Title 20A,
131     Chapter 3, Part 7, Election Day Voting Center;
132          (b) shall ensure that an election day voting center operated by the county has at least
133     one voting device that is accessible, in accordance with the Help America Vote Act of 2002,
134     Pub. L. No. 107-252, for individuals with disabilities; [and]
135          (c) is not required to pay return postage for an absentee ballot[.]; and
136          (d) is subject to an audit conducted under Subsection (7).
137          (7) (a) The lieutenant governor shall:
138          (i) develop procedures for conducting an audit of affidavit signatures on ballots cast in
139     an election conducted under this section; and
140          (ii) after each primary, general, or special election conducted under this section, select
141     a number of ballots, in varying jurisdictions, to audit in accordance with the procedures
142     developed under Subsection (7)(a)(i).
143          (b) The lieutenant governor shall post the results of an audit conducted under this
144     Subsection (7) on the lieutenant governor's website.
145          Section 3. Section 20A-3-305 is amended to read:
146          20A-3-305. Mailing of ballot to voter -- Enclose self-addressed envelope --
147     Affidavit.
148          (1) (a) Upon timely receipt of an absentee voter application properly filled out and
149     signed less than 30 days before the election, the election officer shall either:
150          (i) give the applicant an official absentee ballot and envelope to vote in the office; or
151          (ii) mail an official absentee ballot, postage paid, to the absentee voter and enclose an
152     envelope printed as required in Subsection (2).
153          (b) No later than 21 days before election day, the election officer shall mail an official
154     absentee ballot, postage paid, to all absentee voters, other than to a uniformed-service voter or
155     an overseas voter, who have submitted a properly filled out and signed absentee voter
156     application before the day on which the ballots are mailed and enclose an envelope printed as
157     required by Subsection (2).
158          (2) The election officer shall ensure that:
159          (a) the name, official title, and post office address of the election officer is printed on
160     the front of the envelope; and
161           (b) the following is printed on the back of the envelope:
162          [(b)] (i) a printed affidavit in substantially the following form [is printed on the back of
163     the envelope]:
164     "County of ____     State of ____
165          I, ____, solemnly swear that: I am a qualified resident voter of the ____ voting precinct
166     in ____ County, Utah and that I am entitled to vote in that voting precinct at the next election.
167     I am not a convicted felon currently incarcerated for commission of a felony.
168     
______________________________

169     
Signature of Absentee Voter"; and

170          (ii) a warning that the affidavit must be signed by the individual to whom the ballot
171     was sent and that the ballot will not be counted if the signature on the affidavit does not match
172     the signature on file with the election officer of the individual to whom the ballot was sent.
173          (3) If the election officer determines that the absentee voter is required to show valid
174     voter identification, the election officer shall:
175          (a) issue the voter a provisional ballot in accordance with Section 20A-3-105.5;
176          (b) instruct the voter to include a copy of the voter's valid voter identification with the
177     return ballot;
178          (c) provide the voter clear instructions on how to vote a provisional ballot; and
179          (d) comply with the requirements of Subsection (2).
180          Section 4. Section 20A-4-104 is amended to read:
181          20A-4-104. Counting ballots electronically.
182          (1) (a) Before beginning to count [ballot sheets] ballots using automatic tabulating
183     equipment, the election officer shall test the automatic tabulating equipment to ensure that it
184     will accurately count the votes cast for all offices and all measures.
185          (b) The election officer shall publish public notice of the time and place of the test at
186     least 48 hours before the test in one or more daily or weekly newspapers of general circulation
187     published in the county, municipality, or jurisdiction where the equipment is used.
188          (c) The election officer shall conduct the test by processing a preaudited group of
189     [ballot sheets] ballots.
190          (d) The election officer shall ensure that:
191          (i) a predetermined number of valid votes for each candidate and measure are recorded
192     on the [ballot sheets] ballots;
193          (ii) for each office, one or more ballot sheets have votes in excess of the number
194     allowed by law in order to test the ability of the automatic tabulating equipment to reject those
195     votes; and
196          (iii) a different number of valid votes are assigned to each candidate for an office, and
197     for and against each measure.
198          (e) If any error is detected, the election officer shall determine the cause of the error
199     and correct it.
200          (f) The election officer shall ensure that:
201          (i) the automatic tabulating equipment produces an errorless count before beginning
202     the actual counting; and
203          (ii) the automatic tabulating equipment passes the same test at the end of the count
204     before the election returns are approved as official.
205          (2) (a) The election officer or his designee shall supervise and direct all proceedings at
206     the counting center.
207          (b) (i) Proceedings at the counting center are public and may be observed by interested
208     persons.
209          (ii) Only those persons authorized to participate in the count may touch any ballot[,
210     ballot sheet,] or return.
211          (c) The election officer shall deputize and administer an oath or affirmation to all
212     persons who are engaged in processing and counting the ballots that they will faithfully
213     perform their assigned duties.
214          (d) (i) Counting poll watchers appointed as provided in Section 20A-3-201 may
215     observe the testing of equipment and actual counting of the [ballot sheets] ballots.
216          (ii) Those counting poll watchers may make independent tests of the equipment before
217     or after the vote count as long as the testing does not interfere in any way with the official
218     tabulation of the [ballot sheets] ballots.
219          (3) If any ballot [sheet] is damaged or defective so that it cannot properly be counted
220     by the automatic tabulating equipment, the election officer shall ensure that two counting
221     judges jointly :
222          (a) [cause] create a true duplicate copy of the ballot [sheet to be made] with an
223     identifying serial number;
224          (b) substitute the duplicate ballot for the damaged or defective ballot [sheet];
225          (c) label the duplicate ballot [card] "duplicate"; and
226          (d) record the duplicate [ballot sheet's] ballot's serial number on the damaged or
227     defective ballot [sheet].
228          (4) The election officer may:
229          (a) conduct an unofficial count before conducting the official count in order to provide
230     early unofficial returns to the public;
231          (b) release unofficial returns from time to time after the polls close; and
232          (c) report the progress of the count for each candidate during the actual counting of
233     ballots.
234          (5) The election officer shall review and evaluate the provisional ballot envelopes and
235     prepare any valid provisional ballots for counting as provided in Section 20A-4-107.
236          (6) (a) The election officer or his designee shall:
237          (i) separate, count, and tabulate any ballots containing valid write-in votes; and
238          (ii) complete the standard form provided by the clerk for recording valid write-in votes.
239          (b) In counting the write-in votes, if, by casting a valid write-in vote, a voter has cast
240     more votes for an office than that voter is entitled to vote for that office, the poll workers shall
241     count the valid write-in vote as being the obvious intent of the voter.
242          (7) (a) The election officer shall certify the return printed by the automatic tabulating
243     equipment, to which have been added write-in and absentee votes, as the official return of each
244     voting precinct.
245          (b) Upon completion of the count, the election officer shall make official returns open
246     to the public.
247          (8) If for any reason it becomes impracticable to count all or a part of the [ballot sheets]
248     ballots with tabulating equipment, the election officer may direct that they be counted manually
249     according to the procedures and requirements of this part.
250          (9) After the count is completed, the election officer shall seal and retain the programs,
251     test materials, and ballots as provided in Section 20A-4-202.
252          Section 5. Section 20A-4-105 is amended to read:
253          20A-4-105. Standards and requirements for evaluating voter's ballot choices.
254          [(1) Each person counting ballots shall apply the standards and requirements of this
255     section to resolve any questions that arise as ballots are counted.]
256          (1) (a) An election officer shall ensure that when a question arises regarding a vote
257     recorded on a paper ballot, two counting judges jointly adjudicate the ballot in accordance with
258     the requirements of this section.
259          (b) If the counting judges disagree on the disposition of a vote recorded on a ballot that
260     is adjudicated under this section, the counting judges may not count the vote.
261          (2) Except as provided in Subsection (11), if a voter marks more names than there are
262     [persons] individuals to be elected to an office, or if [for any reason it is impossible to
263     determine the choice of any voter for any office to be filled, the counter may not count that
264     voter's ballot for that office.] the counting judges cannot determine a voter's choice for an
265     office, the counting judges may not count the voter's vote for that office.
266          (3) The [counter] counting judges shall count a defective or incomplete mark on [any]
267     a paper ballot if:
268          (a) [it] the defective or incomplete mark is in the proper place; and
269          (b) there is no other mark or cross on the [paper] ballot indicating the voter's intent to
270     vote other than as indicated by the incomplete or defective mark.
271          (4) (a) When [the] a voter has marked [the] a ballot so that it appears that the voter has
272     voted more than one straight ticket, the [election] counting judges may not count any votes on
273     the ballot for party candidates.
274          (b) The [election] counting judges shall count the remainder of the ballot if [it] the
275     remainder of the ballot is voted correctly.
276          (5) [A counter] The counting judges may not reject a ballot marked by the voter
277     because of marks on the ballot other than those marks allowed by this section unless the
278     extraneous marks on a ballot [or group of ballots] show an intent by [a person or group to mark
279     their ballots so that their ballots] an individual to mark the individual's ballot so that the
280     individual's ballot can be identified.
281          (6) (a) In counting the ballots, the [counters] counting judges shall give full
282     consideration to the intent of the voter.
283          (b) The [counters] counting judges may not invalidate a ballot because of mechanical
284     [and] or technical defects in voting or failure on the part of the voter to follow strictly the rules
285     for balloting required by Chapter 3, Voting.
286          (7) The [counters] counting judges may not reject a ballot because of [any] an error in:
287          (a) stamping or writing [any] an official endorsement; or
288          (b) delivering the wrong ballots to [any] a polling place.
289          (8) The [counter] counting judges may not count [any] a paper ballot that does not have
290     the official endorsement by an election officer.
291          (9) The [counter] counting judges may not count [any] a ballot proposition vote or
292     candidate vote for which the voter is not ["]legally entitled to vote["], as [used] defined in
293     Section 20A-4-107.
294          (10) If the [counter discovers] counting judges discover that the name of a candidate
295     [voted for] is misspelled on a ballot, or that the initial letters of a candidate's given name are
296     transposed or omitted in [part or altogether, the counter] whole or in part on a ballot, the
297     counting judges shall count [the] a voter's vote for [that] the candidate if it is apparent that the
298     voter intended to vote for [that] the candidate.
299          (11) The [counter] counting judges shall count a vote for the president and the vice
300     president of any political party as a vote for the presidential electors selected by the political
301     party.
302          (12) In counting the valid write-in votes, if, by casting a valid write-in vote, a voter has
303     cast more votes for an office than that voter is entitled to vote for that office, the counting
304     judges shall count the valid write-in vote as being the obvious intent of the voter.
305          Section 6. Coordinating H.B. 230 with H.B. 12 -- Substantive and technical
306     amendments.
307          If this H.B. 230 and H.B. 12, Disposition of Ballots Amendments, both pass and
308     become law, it is the intent of the Legislature that the Office of Legislative Research and
309     General Counsel prepare the Utah Code database for publication as follows:
310          (1) Section 20A-3-302 is amended to read:
311          "20A-3-302. Conducting entire election by absentee ballot.
312          (1) (a) Notwithstanding Section 17B-1-306, an election officer may administer an
313     election entirely by absentee ballot.
314          (b) An election officer who administers an election entirely by absentee ballot, except
315     for an election conducted under Section 20A-7-609.5, shall, before the following dates, notify
316     the lieutenant governor that the election will be administered entirely by absentee ballot:
317          (i) February 1 of an even-numbered year if the election is a regular general election; or
318          (ii) May 1 of an odd-numbered year if the election is a municipal general election.
319          (2) If the election officer decides to administer an election entirely by absentee ballot,
320     the election officer shall mail to each registered voter within that voting precinct:
321          (a) an absentee ballot;
322          (b) for an election administered by a county clerk, information regarding the location
323     and hours of operation of any election day voting center at which the voter may vote;
324          (c) a courtesy reply mail envelope;
325          (d) instructions for returning the ballot that include an express notice about any
326     relevant deadlines that the voter must meet in order for the voter's vote to be counted; and
327          (e) for an election administered by an election officer other than a county clerk, if the
328     election officer does not operate a polling location or an election day voting center, a warning,
329     on a separate page of colored paper in bold face print, indicating that if the voter fails to follow
330     the instructions included with the absentee ballot, the voter will be unable to vote in that
331     election because there will be no polling place in the voting precinct on the day of the election.
332          (3) A voter who votes by absentee ballot under this section is not required to apply for
333     an absentee ballot as required by this part.
334          (4) An election officer who administers an election entirely by absentee ballot shall:
335          (a) (i) obtain, in person, the signatures of each voter within that voting precinct before
336     the election; or
337          (ii) obtain the signature of each voter within the voting precinct from the county clerk;
338     and
339          (b) maintain the signatures on file in the election officer's office.
340          (5) [(a)] Upon [receiving the returned absentee ballots] receipt of a returned absentee
341     ballot, the election officer shall [compare the signature on each absentee ballot with the voter's
342     signature that is maintained on file and verify that the signatures are the same] review and
343     process the ballot under Section 20A-3-308.
344          [(b) If the election officer questions the authenticity of the signature on the absentee
345     ballot, the election officer shall immediately contact the voter to verify the signature.]
346          [(c) If the election official determines that the signature on the absentee ballot does not
347     match the voter's signature that is maintained on file, the election officer shall:]
348          [(i) unless the absentee ballot application deadline described in Section 20A-3-304 has
349     passed, immediately send another absentee ballot and other voting materials as required by this
350     section to the voter; and]
351          [(ii) disqualify the initial absentee ballot.]
352          (6) A county that administers an election entirely by absentee ballot:
353          (a) shall provide at least one election day voting center in accordance with Title 20A,
354     Chapter 3, Part 7, Election Day Voting Center;
355          (b) shall ensure that an election day voting center operated by the county has at least
356     one voting device that is accessible, in accordance with the Help America Vote Act of 2002,
357     Pub. L. No. 107-252, for individuals with disabilities; [and]
358          (c) is not required to pay return postage for an absentee ballot[.]; and
359          (d) is subject to an audit conducted under Subsection (7).
360          (7) (a) The lieutenant governor shall:
361          (i) develop procedures for conducting an audit of affidavit signatures on ballots cast in
362     an election conducted under this section; and
363          (ii) after each primary, general, or special election conducted under this section, select
364     a number of ballots, in varying jurisdictions, to audit in accordance with the procedures
365     developed under Subsection (7)(a)(i).
366          (b) The lieutenant governor shall post the results of an audit conducted under this
367     Subsection (7) on the lieutenant governor's website."; and
368          (2) Subsections 20A-3-308(5) through (9) are amended to read:
369          "[(5) (a) An election officer shall notify a voter if a poll worker rejects the voter's ballot
370     and specify the reason for the rejection.]
371          [(b) An election officer shall give the notice described in Subsection (5)(a) to a voter
372     no later than seven days after:]
373          [(i) election day if the election officer receives the ballot before or on election day;
374     and]
375          [(ii) the canvass if the election officer receives the ballot after election day and before
376     the end of the canvass.]
377          (5) (a) If the election officer rejects an individual's absentee ballot because the election
378     officer determines that the signature on the ballot does not match the individual's signature that
379     is maintained on file, the election officer shall contact the individual in accordance with
380     Subsection (7) by mail, email, text message, or phone, and inform the individual:
381          (i) that the individual's signature is in question;
382          (ii) how the individual may resolve the issue;
383          (iii) that, in order for the ballot to be counted, the individual is required to deliver to
384     the election officer a correctly completed affidavit, provided by the county clerk, that meets the
385     requirements described in Subsection (5)(b).
386          (b) An affidavit described in Subsection (5)(a)(iii) shall include:
387          (i) an attestation that the individual voted the absentee ballot;
388          (ii) a space for the individual to enter the individual's name, date of birth, and driver
389     license number or the last four digits of the individual's social security number;
390          (iii) a space for the individual to sign the affidavit; and
391          (iv) a statement that, by signing the affidavit, the individual authorizes the lieutenant
392     governor's and county clerk's use of the individual's signature on the affidavit for voter
393     identification purposes.
394          (c) In order for an individual described in Subsection (5)(a) to have the individual's
395     ballot counted, the individual shall deliver the affidavit described in Subsection (5)(b) to the
396     election officer.
397          (d) An election officer who receives a signed affidavit under Subsection (5)(c) shall
398     immediately:
399          (i) scan the signature on the affidavit electronically and keep the signature on file in the
400     statewide voter registration database developed under Section 20A-2-109; and
401          (ii) if the canvass has not concluded, count the individual's ballot.
402          (6) An election officer who rejects an individual's absentee ballot for any reason, other
403     than the reason described in Subsection (5)(a), shall notify the individual of the rejection in
404     accordance with Subsection (7) by mail, email, text message, or phone and specify the reason
405     for the rejection.
406          (7) An election officer who is required to give notice under Subsection (5) or (6) shall
407     give the notice no later than:
408          (a) if the election officer rejects the absentee ballot before election day:
409          (i) one business day after the day on which the election officer rejects the absentee
410     ballot, if the election officer gives the notice by email or text message; or
411          (ii) two business days after the day on which the election officer rejects the absentee
412     ballot, if the election officer gives the notice by postal mail or phone;
413          (b) seven days after election day if the election officer rejects the absentee ballot on
414     election day; or
415          (c) seven days after the canvass if the election officer rejects the absentee ballot after
416     election day and before the end of the canvass.
417          (8) An election officer may not count the absentee ballot of an individual whom the
418     election officer contacts under Subsection (5) or (6) unless the election officer receives a signed
419     affidavit from the individual under Subsection (5)(b) or is otherwise able to establish contact
420     with the individual to confirm the individual's identity.
421          [(6)] (9) The election officer shall retain and preserve the absentee voter envelopes in
422     the manner provided by law for the retention and preservation of official ballots voted at that
423     election.".