1     
REVISIONS TO ELECTION LAW

2     
2018 GENERAL SESSION

3     
STATE OF UTAH

4     
Chief Sponsor: Justin L. Fawson

5     
Senate Sponsor: ____________

6     

7     LONG TITLE
8     General Description:
9          This bill amends the Election Code by reinstating the election system in effect before
10     passage of 2014 General Session S.B. 54, Elections Amendments.
11     Highlighted Provisions:
12          This bill:
13          ▸     modifies dates and other provisions relating to a notice of election;
14          ▸     repeals provisions relating to obtaining the nomination of a registered political party
15     by petition;
16          ▸     repeals certain limitations relating to when a ballot or ballot sheet may indicate that
17     a candidate is associated with a particular political party;
18          ▸     repeals all provisions relating to a qualified political party;
19          ▸     modifies provisions and dates relating to a declaration of candidacy;
20          ▸     modifies provisions relating to the conduct of a primary election; and
21          ▸     makes technical and conforming changes.
22     Money Appropriated in this Bill:
23          None
24     Other Special Clauses:
25          This bill provides a special effective date.
26     Utah Code Sections Affected:
27     AMENDS:

28          20A-1-102, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 52
29          20A-1-201.5, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapters 296 and 352
30          20A-1-501, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 16
31          20A-3-106, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 296
32          20A-5-101, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapters 251, 267 and last
33     amended by Coordination Clause, Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 267
34          20A-6-301, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 66
35          20A-6-302, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2014, Chapter 17
36          20A-6-303, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 66
37          20A-6-304, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 66
38          20A-8-103, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
39          20A-9-101, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2016, Chapter 16
40          20A-9-201, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 63
41          20A-9-202, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 63
42          20A-9-203, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
43          20A-9-403, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
44          20A-9-404, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
45          20A-9-701, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 296
46     REPEALS:
47          20A-1-103, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 258
48          20A-9-405, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2014, Chapter 17
49          20A-9-406, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
50          20A-9-407, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
51          20A-9-408, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapter 91
52          20A-9-408.5, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 296
53          20A-9-409, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2017, Chapters 54 and 91
54          20A-9-410, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2014, Chapter 17
55          20A-9-411, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2015, Chapter 296
56     

57     Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
58          Section 1. Section 20A-1-102 is amended to read:

59          20A-1-102. Definitions.
60          As used in this title:
61          (1) "Active voter" means a registered voter who has not been classified as an inactive
62     voter by the county clerk.
63          (2) "Automatic tabulating equipment" means apparatus that automatically examines
64     and counts votes recorded on paper ballots or ballot sheets and tabulates the results.
65          (3) (a) "Ballot" means the storage medium, whether paper, mechanical, or electronic,
66     upon which a voter records the voter's votes.
67          (b) "Ballot" includes ballot sheets, paper ballots, electronic ballots, and secrecy
68     envelopes.
69          (4) "Ballot label" means the cards, papers, booklet, pages, or other materials that:
70          (a) contain the names of offices and candidates and statements of ballot propositions to
71     be voted on; and
72          (b) are used in conjunction with ballot sheets that do not display that information.
73          (5) "Ballot proposition" means a question, issue, or proposal that is submitted to voters
74     on the ballot for their approval or rejection including:
75          (a) an opinion question specifically authorized by the Legislature;
76          (b) a constitutional amendment;
77          (c) an initiative;
78          (d) a referendum;
79          (e) a bond proposition;
80          (f) a judicial retention question;
81          (g) an incorporation of a city or town; or
82          (h) any other ballot question specifically authorized by the Legislature.
83          (6) "Ballot sheet":
84          (a) means a ballot that:
85          (i) consists of paper or a card where the voter's votes are marked or recorded; and
86          (ii) can be counted using automatic tabulating equipment; and
87          (b) includes punch card ballots and other ballots that are machine-countable.
88          (7) "Bind," "binding," or "bound" means securing more than one piece of paper
89     together with a staple or stitch in at least three places across the top of the paper in the blank

90     space reserved for securing the paper.
91          (8) "Board of canvassers" means the entities established by Sections 20A-4-301 and
92     20A-4-306 to canvass election returns.
93          (9) "Bond election" means an election held for the purpose of approving or rejecting
94     the proposed issuance of bonds by a government entity.
95          (10) "Book voter registration form" means voter registration forms contained in a
96     bound book that are used by election officers and registration agents to register persons to vote.
97          (11) "Business reply mail envelope" means an envelope that may be mailed free of
98     charge by the sender.
99          (12) "By-mail voter registration form" means a voter registration form designed to be
100     completed by the voter and mailed to the election officer.
101          (13) "Canvass" means the review of election returns and the official declaration of
102     election results by the board of canvassers.
103          (14) "Canvassing judge" means a poll worker designated to assist in counting ballots at
104     the canvass.
105          (15) "Contracting election officer" means an election officer who enters into a contract
106     or interlocal agreement with a provider election officer.
107          (16) "Convention" means the political party convention at which party officers and
108     delegates are selected.
109          (17) "Counting center" means one or more locations selected by the election officer in
110     charge of the election for the automatic counting of ballots.
111          (18) "Counting judge" means a poll worker designated to count the ballots during
112     election day.
113          (19) "Counting poll watcher" means a person selected as provided in Section
114     20A-3-201 to witness the counting of ballots.
115          (20) "Counting room" means a suitable and convenient private place or room,
116     immediately adjoining the place where the election is being held, for use by the poll workers
117     and counting judges to count ballots during election day.
118          (21) "County officers" means those county officers that are required by law to be
119     elected.
120          (22) "Date of the election" or "election day" or "day of the election":

121          (a) means the day that is specified in the calendar year as the day that the election
122     occurs; and
123          (b) does not include:
124          (i) deadlines established for absentee voting; or
125          (ii) any early voting or early voting period as provided under Chapter 3, Part 6, Early
126     Voting.
127          (23) "Elected official" means:
128          (a) a person elected to an office under Section 20A-1-303;
129          (b) a person who is considered to be elected to a municipal office in accordance with
130     Subsection 20A-1-206(1)(c)(ii); or
131          (c) a person who is considered to be elected to a local district office in accordance with
132     Subsection 20A-1-206(3)(c)(ii).
133          (24) "Election" means a regular general election, a municipal general election, a
134     statewide special election, a local special election, a regular primary election, a municipal
135     primary election, and a local district election.
136          (25) "Election Assistance Commission" means the commission established by the Help
137     America Vote Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-252.
138          (26) "Election cycle" means the period beginning on the first day persons are eligible to
139     file declarations of candidacy and ending when the canvass is completed.
140          (27) "Election judge" means a poll worker that is assigned to:
141          (a) preside over other poll workers at a polling place;
142          (b) act as the presiding election judge; or
143          (c) serve as a canvassing judge, counting judge, or receiving judge.
144          (28) "Election officer" means:
145          (a) the lieutenant governor, for all statewide ballots and elections;
146          (b) the county clerk for:
147          (i) a county ballot and election; and
148          (ii) a ballot and election as a provider election officer as provided in Section
149     20A-5-400.1 or 20A-5-400.5;
150          (c) the municipal clerk for:
151          (i) a municipal ballot and election; and

152          (ii) a ballot and election as a provider election officer as provided in Section
153     20A-5-400.1 or 20A-5-400.5;
154          (d) the local district clerk or chief executive officer for:
155          (i) a local district ballot and election; and
156          (ii) a ballot and election as a provider election officer as provided in Section
157     20A-5-400.1 or 20A-5-400.5; or
158          (e) the business administrator or superintendent of a school district for:
159          (i) a school district ballot and election; and
160          (ii) a ballot and election as a provider election officer as provided in Section
161     20A-5-400.1 or 20A-5-400.5.
162          (29) "Election official" means any election officer, election judge, or poll worker.
163          (30) "Election results" means:
164          (a) for an election other than a bond election, the count of votes cast in the election and
165     the election returns requested by the board of canvassers; or
166          (b) for bond elections, the count of those votes cast for and against the bond
167     proposition plus any or all of the election returns that the board of canvassers may request.
168          (31) "Election returns" includes the pollbook, the military and overseas absentee voter
169     registration and voting certificates, one of the tally sheets, any unprocessed absentee ballots, all
170     counted ballots, all excess ballots, all unused ballots, all spoiled ballots, the ballot disposition
171     form, and the total votes cast form.
172          (32) "Electronic ballot" means a ballot that is recorded using a direct electronic voting
173     device or other voting device that records and stores ballot information by electronic means.
174          (33) "Electronic signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to
175     or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign
176     the record.
177          (34) (a) "Electronic voting device" means a voting device that uses electronic ballots.
178          (b) "Electronic voting device" includes a direct recording electronic voting device.
179          (35) "Inactive voter" means a registered voter who is listed as inactive by a county
180     clerk under Subsection 20A-2-306(4)(c)(i) or (ii).
181          (36) "Inspecting poll watcher" means a person selected as provided in this title to
182     witness the receipt and safe deposit of voted and counted ballots.

183          (37) "Judicial office" means the office filled by any judicial officer.
184          (38) "Judicial officer" means any justice or judge of a court of record or any county
185     court judge.
186          (39) "Local district" means a local government entity under Title 17B, Limited Purpose
187     Local Government Entities - Local Districts, and includes a special service district under Title
188     17D, Chapter 1, Special Service District Act.
189          (40) "Local district officers" means those local district board members that are required
190     by law to be elected.
191          (41) "Local election" means a regular county election, a regular municipal election, a
192     municipal primary election, a local special election, a local district election, and a bond
193     election.
194          (42) "Local political subdivision" means a county, a municipality, a local district, or a
195     local school district.
196          (43) "Local special election" means a special election called by the governing body of a
197     local political subdivision in which all registered voters of the local political subdivision may
198     vote.
199          (44) "Municipal executive" means:
200          (a) the mayor in the council-mayor form of government defined in Section 10-3b-102;
201          (b) the mayor in the council-manager form of government defined in Subsection
202     10-3b-103(7); or
203          (c) the chair of a metro township form of government defined in Section 10-3b-102.
204          (45) "Municipal general election" means the election held in municipalities and, as
205     applicable, local districts on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of each
206     odd-numbered year for the purposes established in Section 20A-1-202.
207          (46) "Municipal legislative body" means:
208          (a) the council of the city or town in any form of municipal government; or
209          (b) the council of a metro township.
210          (47) "Municipal office" means an elective office in a municipality.
211          (48) "Municipal officers" means those municipal officers that are required by law to be
212     elected.
213          (49) "Municipal primary election" means an election held to nominate candidates for

214     municipal office.
215          (50) "Municipality" means a city, town, or metro township.
216          (51) "Official ballot" means the ballots distributed by the election officer to the poll
217     workers to be given to voters to record their votes.
218          (52) "Official endorsement" means:
219          (a) the information on the ballot that identifies:
220          (i) the ballot as an official ballot;
221          (ii) the date of the election; and
222          (iii) (A) for a ballot prepared by an election officer other than a county clerk, the
223     facsimile signature required by Subsection 20A-6-401(1)(b)(iii); or
224          (B) for a ballot prepared by a county clerk, the words required by Subsection
225     20A-6-301(1)(c)(iii); and
226          (b) the information on the ballot stub that identifies:
227          (i) the poll worker's initials; and
228          (ii) the ballot number.
229          (53) "Official register" means the official record furnished to election officials by the
230     election officer that contains the information required by Section 20A-5-401.
231          (54) "Paper ballot" means a paper that contains:
232          (a) the names of offices and candidates and statements of ballot propositions to be
233     voted on; and
234          (b) spaces for the voter to record the voter's vote for each office and for or against each
235     ballot proposition.
236          (55) "Political party" means an organization of registered voters that has qualified to
237     participate in an election by meeting the requirements of Chapter 8, Political Party Formation
238     and Procedures.
239          (56) "Pollbook" means a record of the names of voters in the order that they appear to
240     cast votes.
241          (57) "Polling place" means the building where voting is conducted.
242          (58) (a) "Poll worker" means a person assigned by an election official to assist with an
243     election, voting, or counting votes.
244          (b) "Poll worker" includes election judges.

245          (c) "Poll worker" does not include a watcher.
246          (59) "Position" means a square, circle, rectangle, or other geometric shape on a ballot
247     in which the voter marks the voter's choice.
248          (60) "Primary convention" means [the] a political party [conventions held during the
249     year of] convention at which nominees for the regular [general] primary election are selected.
250          (61) "Protective counter" means a separate counter, which cannot be reset, that:
251          (a) is built into a voting machine; and
252          (b) records the total number of movements of the operating lever.
253          (62) "Provider election officer" means an election officer who enters into a contract or
254     interlocal agreement with a contracting election officer to conduct an election for the
255     contracting election officer's local political subdivision in accordance with Section
256     20A-5-400.1.
257          (63) "Provisional ballot" means a ballot voted provisionally by a person:
258          (a) whose name is not listed on the official register at the polling place;
259          (b) whose legal right to vote is challenged as provided in this title; or
260          (c) whose identity was not sufficiently established by a poll worker.
261          (64) "Provisional ballot envelope" means an envelope printed in the form required by
262     Section 20A-6-105 that is used to identify provisional ballots and to provide information to
263     verify a person's legal right to vote.
264          (65) "Qualify" or "qualified" means to take the oath of office and begin performing the
265     duties of the position for which the person was elected.
266          (66) "Receiving judge" means the poll worker that checks the voter's name in the
267     official register, provides the voter with a ballot, and removes the ballot stub from the ballot
268     after the voter has voted.
269          (67) "Registration form" means a book voter registration form and a by-mail voter
270     registration form.
271          (68) "Regular ballot" means a ballot that is not a provisional ballot.
272          (69) "Regular general election" means the election held throughout the state on the first
273     Tuesday after the first Monday in November of each even-numbered year for the purposes
274     established in Section 20A-1-201.
275          (70) "Regular primary election" means the election on the fourth Tuesday of June of

276     each even-numbered year, to nominate candidates of political parties and [candidates for
277     nonpartisan local school board positions] nonpolitical groups to advance to the regular general
278     election.
279          (71) "Resident" means a person who resides within a specific voting precinct in Utah.
280          (72) "Sample ballot" means a mock ballot similar in form to the official ballot printed
281     and distributed as provided in Section 20A-5-405.
282          (73) "Scratch vote" means to mark or punch the straight party ticket and then mark or
283     punch the ballot for one or more candidates who are members of different political parties [or
284     who are unaffiliated].
285          (74) "Secrecy envelope" means the envelope given to a voter along with the ballot into
286     which the voter places the ballot after the voter has voted it in order to preserve the secrecy of
287     the voter's vote.
288          (75) "Special election" means an election held as authorized by Section 20A-1-203.
289          (76) "Spoiled ballot" means each ballot that:
290          (a) is spoiled by the voter;
291          (b) is unable to be voted because it was spoiled by the printer or a poll worker; or
292          (c) lacks the official endorsement.
293          (77) "Statewide special election" means a special election called by the governor or the
294     Legislature in which all registered voters in Utah may vote.
295          (78) "Stub" means the detachable part of each ballot.
296          (79) "Substitute ballots" means replacement ballots provided by an election officer to
297     the poll workers when the official ballots are lost or stolen.
298          (80) "Ticket" means a list of:
299          (a) political parties;
300          (b) candidates for an office; or
301          (c) ballot propositions.
302          (81) "Transfer case" means the sealed box used to transport voted ballots to the
303     counting center.
304          (82) "Vacancy" means the absence of a person to serve in any position created by
305     statute, whether that absence occurs because of death, disability, disqualification, resignation,
306     or other cause.

307          (83) "Valid voter identification" means:
308          (a) a form of identification that bears the name and photograph of the voter which may
309     include:
310          (i) a currently valid Utah driver license;
311          (ii) a currently valid identification card that is issued by:
312          (A) the state; or
313          (B) a branch, department, or agency of the United States;
314          (iii) a currently valid Utah permit to carry a concealed weapon;
315          (iv) a currently valid United States passport; or
316          (v) a currently valid United States military identification card;
317          (b) one of the following identification cards, whether or not the card includes a
318     photograph of the voter:
319          (i) a valid tribal identification card;
320          (ii) a Bureau of Indian Affairs card; or
321          (iii) a tribal treaty card; or
322          (c) two forms of identification not listed under Subsection (83)(a) or (b) but that bear
323     the name of the voter and provide evidence that the voter resides in the voting precinct, which
324     may include:
325          (i) a current utility bill or a legible copy thereof, dated within the 90 days before the
326     election;
327          (ii) a bank or other financial account statement, or a legible copy thereof;
328          (iii) a certified birth certificate;
329          (iv) a valid social security card;
330          (v) a check issued by the state or the federal government or a legible copy thereof;
331          (vi) a paycheck from the voter's employer, or a legible copy thereof;
332          (vii) a currently valid Utah hunting or fishing license;
333          (viii) certified naturalization documentation;
334          (ix) a currently valid license issued by an authorized agency of the United States;
335          (x) a certified copy of court records showing the voter's adoption or name change;
336          (xi) a valid Medicaid card, Medicare card, or Electronic Benefits Transfer Card;
337          (xii) a currently valid identification card issued by:

338          (A) a local government within the state;
339          (B) an employer for an employee; or
340          (C) a college, university, technical school, or professional school located within the
341     state; or
342          (xiii) a current Utah vehicle registration.
343          (84) "Valid write-in candidate" means a candidate who has qualified as a write-in
344     candidate by following the procedures and requirements of this title.
345          (85) "Voter" means a person who:
346          (a) meets the requirements for voting in an election;
347          (b) meets the requirements of election registration;
348          (c) is registered to vote; and
349          (d) is listed in the official register book.
350          (86) "Voter registration deadline" means the registration deadline provided in Section
351     20A-2-102.5.
352          (87) "Voting area" means the area within six feet of the voting booths, voting
353     machines, and ballot box.
354          (88) "Voting booth" means:
355          (a) the space or compartment within a polling place that is provided for the preparation
356     of ballots, including the voting machine enclosure or curtain; or
357          (b) a voting device that is free standing.
358          (89) "Voting device" means:
359          (a) an apparatus in which ballot sheets are used in connection with a punch device for
360     piercing the ballots by the voter;
361          (b) a device for marking the ballots with ink or another substance;
362          (c) an electronic voting device or other device used to make selections and cast a ballot
363     electronically, or any component thereof;
364          (d) an automated voting system under Section 20A-5-302; or
365          (e) any other method for recording votes on ballots so that the ballot may be tabulated
366     by means of automatic tabulating equipment.
367          (90) "Voting machine" means a machine designed for the sole purpose of recording
368     and tabulating votes cast by voters at an election.

369          (91) "Voting poll watcher" means a person appointed as provided in this title to
370     witness the distribution of ballots and the voting process.
371          (92) "Voting precinct" means the smallest voting unit established as provided by law
372     within which qualified voters vote at one polling place.
373          (93) "Watcher" means a voting poll watcher, a counting poll watcher, an inspecting
374     poll watcher, and a testing watcher.
375          (94) "Western States Presidential Primary" means the election established in Chapter 9,
376     Part 8, Western States Presidential Primary.
377          (95) "Write-in ballot" means a ballot containing any write-in votes.
378          (96) "Write-in vote" means a vote cast for a person whose name is not printed on the
379     ballot according to the procedures established in this title.
380          Section 2. Section 20A-1-201.5 is amended to read:
381          20A-1-201.5. Primary election dates.
382          (1) A regular primary election shall be held throughout the state on the fourth Tuesday
383     of June of each [even numbered] even-numbered year, as provided in Section 20A-9-403,
384     [20A-9-407, or 20A-9-408, as applicable,] to nominate persons for:
385          (a) national, state, school board, and county offices; and
386          (b) offices for a metro township, city, or town incorporated under Section 10-2a-404.
387          (2) A municipal primary election shall be held, if necessary, on the second Tuesday
388     following the first Monday in August before the regular municipal election to nominate persons
389     for municipal offices.
390          (3) If the Legislature makes an appropriation for a Western States Presidential Primary
391     election, the Western States Presidential Primary election shall be held throughout the state on
392     the first Tuesday in February in the year in which a presidential election will be held.
393          Section 3. Section 20A-1-501 is amended to read:
394          20A-1-501. Candidate vacancies -- Procedure for filling.
395          (1) The state central committee of a political party, for candidates for United States
396     senator, United States representative, governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, state
397     treasurer, and state auditor, and for legislative candidates whose legislative districts encompass
398     more than one county, and the county central committee of a political party, for all other party
399     candidates seeking an office elected at a regular general election, may certify the name of

400     another candidate to the appropriate election officer if:
401          (a) for a registered political party that will have a candidate on a ballot in a primary
402     election, after the close of the period for filing a declaration of candidacy and continuing
403     through the day before the day on which the lieutenant governor [provides the list] makes the
404     certification described in Subsection 20A-9-403[(4)(a)](2)(c):
405          (i) only one or two candidates from that party have filed a declaration of candidacy for
406     that office; and
407          (ii) one or both:
408          (A) dies;
409          (B) resigns because of acquiring a physical or mental disability, certified by a
410     physician, that prevents the candidate from continuing the candidacy; or
411          (C) is disqualified by an election officer for improper filing or nominating procedures;
412          (b) for a registered political party that does not have a candidate on the ballot in a
413     primary, but that will have a candidate on the ballot for a general election, after the close of the
414     period for filing a declaration of candidacy and continuing through the day before the day on
415     which the lieutenant governor makes the certification described in Section 20A-5-409, the
416     party's candidate:
417          (i) dies;
418          (ii) resigns because of acquiring a physical or mental disability as certified by a
419     physician;
420          (iii) is disqualified by an election officer for improper filing or nominating procedures;
421     or
422          (iv) resigns to become a candidate for president or vice president of the United States;
423     or
424          (c) for a registered political party with a candidate certified as winning a primary
425     election, after the deadline described in Subsection (1)(a) and continuing through the day
426     before that day on which the lieutenant governor makes the certification described in Section
427     20A-5-409, the party's candidate:
428          (i) dies;
429          (ii) resigns because of acquiring a physical or mental disability as certified by a
430     physician;

431          (iii) is disqualified by an election officer for improper filing or nominating procedures;
432     or
433          (iv) resigns to become a candidate for president or vice president of the United States.
434          (2) If no more than two candidates from a political party have filed a declaration of
435     candidacy for an office elected at a regular general election and one resigns to become the party
436     candidate for another position, the state central committee of that political party, for candidates
437     for governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, state treasurer, and state auditor, and for
438     legislative candidates whose legislative districts encompass more than one county, and the
439     county central committee of that political party, for all other party candidates, may certify the
440     name of another candidate to the appropriate election officer.
441          (3) Each replacement candidate shall file a declaration of candidacy as required by
442     Title 20A, Chapter 9, Part 2, Candidate Qualifications and Declarations of Candidacy.
443          (4) (a) The name of a candidate who is certified under Subsection (1)(a) after the
444     deadline described in Subsection (1)(a) may not appear on the primary election ballot.
445          (b) The name of a candidate who is certified under Subsection (1)(b) after the deadline
446     described in Subsection (1)(b) may not appear on the general election ballot.
447          (c) The name of a candidate who is certified under Subsection (1)(c) after the deadline
448     described in Subsection (1)(c) may not appear on the general election ballot.
449          (5) A political party may not replace a candidate who is disqualified for failure to
450     timely file a campaign disclosure financial report under Title 20A, Chapter 11, Campaign and
451     Financial Reporting Requirements, or Section 17-16-6.5.
452          Section 4. Section 20A-3-106 is amended to read:
453          20A-3-106. Voting straight ticket -- Splitting ballot -- Writing in names -- Effect
454     of unnecessary marking of cross.
455          (1) When voting a paper ballot, any voter desiring to vote for all the candidates [who
456     are listed on the ballot as being] from any one registered political party may:
457          (a) mark in the circle or position above that political party;
458          (b) mark in the squares or position opposite the names of all candidates for that party
459     ticket; or
460          (c) make both markings.
461          (2) (a) When voting a ballot sheet, any voter desiring to vote for all the candidates

462     [who are listed on the ballot as being] from any one registered political party may:
463          (i) mark the selected party on the straight party page or section; or
464          (ii) mark the name of each candidate from that party.
465          (b) To vote for candidates from two or more political parties, the voter may:
466          (i) mark in the squares or positions opposite the names of the candidates for whom the
467     voter wishes to vote without marking in any circle; or
468          (ii) indicate the voter's choice by:
469          (A) marking in the circle or position above one political party; and
470          (B) marking in the squares or positions opposite the names of desired candidates [who
471     are members of any party, are unaffiliated, or are listed without party name].
472          (3) (a) When voting an electronic ballot, any voter desiring to vote for all the
473     candidates [who are listed on the ballot as being] from any one registered political party may:
474          (i) select that party on the straight party selection area; or
475          (ii) select the name of each candidate from that party.
476          (b) To vote for candidates from two or more political parties, the voter may:
477          (i) select the names of the candidates for whom the voter wishes to vote without
478     selecting a political party in the straight party selection area; or
479          (ii) (A) select a political party in the straight party selection area; and
480          (B) select the names of the candidates for whom the voter wishes to vote [who are
481     members of any party, are unaffiliated, or are listed without party name].
482          (4) In any election other than a primary election, if a voter voting a ballot has selected
483     or placed a mark next to a party name in order to vote a straight party ticket and wishes to vote
484     for a person on another party ticket for an office, [or for an unaffiliated candidate,] the voter
485     shall select or mark the ballot next to the name of the candidate for whom the voter wishes to
486     vote.
487          (5) (a) The voter may cast a write-in vote on a paper ballot or ballot sheet:
488          (i) by entering the name of a valid write-in candidate:
489          (A) by writing the name of a valid write-in candidate in the blank write-in section of
490     the ballot; or
491          (B) by affixing a sticker with the office and name of the valid write-in name printed on
492     it in the blank write-in part of the ballot; and

493          (ii) by placing a mark opposite the name of the write-in candidate to indicate the voter's
494     vote.
495          (b) On a paper ballot or ballot sheet, a voter is considered to have voted for the person
496     whose name is written or whose sticker appears in the blank write-in part of the ballot, if a
497     mark is made opposite that name.
498          (c) On a paper ballot or ballot sheet, the unnecessary marking of a mark in a square on
499     the ticket below the marked circle does not affect the validity of the vote.
500          (6) The voter may cast a write-in vote on an electronic ballot by:
501          (a) marking the appropriate position opposite the area for entering a write-in candidate
502     for the office sought by the candidate for whom the voter wishes to vote; and
503          (b) entering the name of a valid write-in candidate in the write-in selection area.
504          Section 5. Section 20A-5-101 is amended to read:
505          20A-5-101. Notice of election.
506          (1) On or before [November 15 in the year before] February 1 in each regular general
507     election year, the lieutenant governor shall prepare and transmit a written notice to each county
508     clerk that:
509          (a) designates the offices to be filled at the [next year's] regular general election;
510          (b) identifies the dates for filing a declaration of candidacy[, and for submitting and
511     certifying nomination petition signatures, as applicable, under Sections 20A-9-403, 20A-9-407,
512     and 20A-9-408] for those offices;
513          (c) includes the master ballot position list for the current year and the next year [and
514     the year following] as established under Section 20A-6-305; and
515          (d) contains a description of any ballot propositions to be decided by the voters that
516     have qualified for the ballot as of that date.
517          (2) (a) No later than [seven business days after the day on which the lieutenant
518     governor transmits the written notice described in Subsection (1)] February 15, each county
519     clerk shall:
520          (i) publish a notice:
521          (A) once in a newspaper published in that county; and
522          (B) as required in Section 45-1-101; or
523          (ii) (A) cause a copy of the notice to be posted in a conspicuous place most likely to

524     give notice of the election to the voters in each voting precinct within the county; and
525          (B) prepare an affidavit of that posting, showing a copy of the notice and the places
526     where the notice was posted.
527          (b) The notice required by Subsection (2)(a) shall:
528          (i) designate the offices to be voted on in that election; and
529          (ii) identify the dates for filing a declaration of candidacy for those offices.
530          (3) Before each election, the election officer shall give printed notice of the following
531     information, or printed notice of a website where the following information can be obtained:
532          (a) the date of election;
533          (b) the hours during which the polls will be open;
534          (c) the polling places for each voting precinct, early voting polling place, and election
535     day voting center;
536          (d) the address of the Statewide Electronic Voter Information Website and, if available,
537     the address of the election officer's website, with a statement indicating that the election officer
538     will post on the website any changes to the location of a polling place and the location of any
539     additional polling place;
540          (e) a phone number that a voter may call to obtain information regarding the location of
541     a polling place; and
542          (f) the qualifications for persons to vote in the election.
543          (4) To provide the printed notice described in Subsection (3), the election officer shall:
544          (a) publish the notice at least two days before election day:
545          (i) in a newspaper of general circulation common to the area to which the election
546     pertains; and
547          (ii) as required in Section 45-1-101; or
548          (b) mail the notice to each registered voter who resides in the area to which the election
549     pertains at least five days before election day.
550          Section 6. Section 20A-6-301 is amended to read:
551          20A-6-301. Paper ballots -- Regular general election.
552          (1) Each election officer shall ensure that:
553          (a) all paper ballots furnished for use at the regular general election contain[: (i)] no
554     captions or other endorsements except as provided in this section;

555          [(ii) no symbols, markings, or other descriptions of a political party or group, except
556     for a registered political party that has chosen to nominate its candidates in accordance with
557     Section 20A-9-403; and]
558          [(iii) no indication that a candidate for elective office has been nominated by, or has
559     been endorsed by, or is in any way affiliated with a political party or group, unless the
560     candidate has been nominated by a registered political party in accordance with Subsection
561     20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5).]
562          (b) (i) the paper ballot contains a ballot stub at least one inch wide, placed across the
563     top of the ballot, and divided from the rest of ballot by a perforated line;
564          (ii) the ballot number and the words "Poll Worker's Initial ____" are printed on the
565     stub; and
566          (iii) ballot stubs are numbered consecutively;
567          (c) immediately below the perforated ballot stub, the following endorsements are
568     printed in 18 point bold type:
569          (i) "Official Ballot for ____ County, Utah";
570          (ii) the date of the election; and
571          (iii) the words "Clerk of __________ County" or, as applicable, the name of a
572     combined office that includes the duties of a county clerk;
573           (d) the party name or title is printed in capital letters not less than one-fourth of an inch
574     high;
575          (e) unaffiliated candidates[,] and candidates not affiliated with a registered political
576     party[, and all other candidates for elective office who were not nominated by a registered
577     political party in accordance with Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5),] are
578     listed with the other candidates for the same office in accordance with Section 20A-6-305,
579     without a party name or title, and with a mark referencing the following statement at the
580     bottom of the ticket: "This candidate is not affiliated with[, or does not qualify to be listed on
581     the ballot as affiliated with,] a political party.";
582          (f) each ticket containing the lists of candidates, including the party name and device,
583     are separated by heavy parallel lines;
584          (g) the offices to be filled are plainly printed immediately above the names of the
585     candidates for those offices;

586          (h) the names of candidates are printed in capital letters, not less than one-eighth nor
587     more than one-fourth of an inch high in heavy-faced type not smaller than 10 point, between
588     lines or rules three-eighths of an inch apart; and
589          (i) on a ticket for a race in which a voter is authorized to cast a write-in vote and in
590     which a write-in candidate is qualified under Section 20A-9-601:
591          (i) the ballot includes a space for a write-in candidate immediately following the last
592     candidate listed on that ticket; or
593          (ii) for the offices of president and vice president and governor and lieutenant
594     governor, the ballot includes two spaces for write-in candidates immediately following the last
595     candidates on that ticket, one placed above the other, to enable the entry of two valid write-in
596     candidates.
597          (2) Each election officer shall ensure that:
598          (a) each person nominated by any registered political party [under Subsection
599     20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5), and no other person,] or group of petitioners is
600     placed on the ballot:
601          (i) under the registered political party's name, if any; or
602          (ii) under the title of the registered political party or group as designated by them in
603     their certificates of nomination or petition, or, if none is designated, then under some suitable
604     title;
605          (b) the names of all unaffiliated candidates that qualify as required in Title 20A,
606     Chapter 9, Part 5, Candidates not Affiliated with a Party, are placed on the ballot;
607          (c) the names of the candidates for president and vice president are used on the ballot
608     instead of the names of the presidential electors; and
609          (d) the ballots contain no other names.
610          (3) When the ballot contains a nonpartisan section, the election officer shall ensure
611     that:
612          (a) the designation of the office to be filled in the election and the number of
613     candidates to be elected are printed in type not smaller than eight point;
614          (b) the words designating the office are printed flush with the left-hand margin;
615          (c) the words, "Vote for one" or "Vote for up to _____ (the number of candidates for
616     which the voter may vote)" extend to the extreme right of the column;

617          (d) the nonpartisan candidates are grouped according to the office for which they are
618     candidates;
619          (e) the names in each group are placed in the order specified under Section 20A-6-305
620     with the surnames last; and
621          (f) each group is preceded by the designation of the office for which the candidates
622     seek election, and the words, "Vote for one" or "Vote for up to _____ (the number of
623     candidates for which the voter may vote)," according to the number to be elected.
624          (4) Each election officer shall ensure that:
625          (a) proposed amendments to the Utah Constitution are listed on the ballot in
626     accordance with Section 20A-6-107;
627          (b) ballot propositions submitted to the voters are listed on the ballot in accordance
628     with Section 20A-6-107; and
629          (c) bond propositions that have qualified for the ballot are listed on the ballot under the
630     title assigned to each bond proposition under Section 11-14-206.
631          Section 7. Section 20A-6-302 is amended to read:
632          20A-6-302. Paper ballots -- Placement of candidates' names.
633          (1) Each election officer shall ensure, for paper ballots in regular general elections,
634     that:
635          (a) each candidate is listed by party[, if nominated by a registered political party under
636     Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5)];
637          (b) candidates' surnames are listed in alphabetical order on the ballots when two or
638     more candidates' names are required to be listed on a ticket under the title of an office; and
639          (c) the names of candidates are placed on the ballot in the order specified under Section
640     20A-6-305.
641          (2) (a) When there is only one candidate for county attorney at the regular general
642     election in counties that have three or fewer registered voters of the county who are licensed
643     active members in good standing of the Utah State Bar, the county clerk shall cause that
644     candidate's name and party affiliation, if any, to be placed on a separate section of the ballot
645     with the following question: "Shall (name of candidate) be elected to the office of county
646     attorney? Yes ____ No ____."
647          (b) If the number of "Yes" votes exceeds the number of "No" votes, the candidate is

648     elected to the office of county attorney.
649          (c) If the number of "No" votes exceeds the number of "Yes" votes, the candidate is not
650     elected and may not take office, nor may the candidate continue in the office past the end of the
651     term resulting from any prior election or appointment.
652          (d) When the name of only one candidate for county attorney is printed on the ballot
653     under authority of this Subsection (2), the county clerk may not count any write-in votes
654     received for the office of county attorney.
655          (e) If no qualified person files for the office of county attorney or if the candidate is not
656     elected by the voters, the county legislative body shall appoint the county attorney as provided
657     in Section 20A-1-509.2.
658          (f) If the candidate whose name would, except for this Subsection (2)(f), be placed on
659     the ballot under Subsection (2)(a) has been elected on a ballot under Subsection (2)(a) to the
660     two consecutive terms immediately preceding the term for which the candidate is seeking
661     election, Subsection (2)(a) does not apply and that candidate shall be considered to be an
662     unopposed candidate the same as any other unopposed candidate for another office, unless a
663     petition is filed with the county clerk before the date of that year's primary election that:
664          (i) requests the procedure set forth in Subsection (2)(a) to be followed; and
665          (ii) contains the signatures of registered voters in the county representing in number at
666     least 25% of all votes cast in the county for all candidates for governor at the last election at
667     which a governor was elected.
668          (3) (a) When there is only one candidate for district attorney at the regular general
669     election in a prosecution district that has three or fewer registered voters of the district who are
670     licensed active members in good standing of the Utah State Bar, the county clerk shall cause
671     that candidate's name and party affiliation, if any, to be placed on a separate section of the
672     ballot with the following question: "Shall (name of candidate) be elected to the office of district
673     attorney? Yes ____ No ____."
674          (b) If the number of "Yes" votes exceeds the number of "No" votes, the candidate is
675     elected to the office of district attorney.
676          (c) If the number of "No" votes exceeds the number of "Yes" votes, the candidate is not
677     elected and may not take office, nor may the candidate continue in the office past the end of the
678     term resulting from any prior election or appointment.

679          (d) When the name of only one candidate for district attorney is printed on the ballot
680     under authority of this Subsection (3), the county clerk may not count any write-in votes
681     received for the office of district attorney.
682          (e) If no qualified person files for the office of district attorney, or if the only candidate
683     is not elected by the voters under this subsection, the county legislative body shall appoint a
684     new district attorney for a four-year term as provided in Section 20A-1-509.2.
685          (f) If the candidate whose name would, except for this Subsection (3)(f), be placed on
686     the ballot under Subsection (3)(a) has been elected on a ballot under Subsection (3)(a) to the
687     two consecutive terms immediately preceding the term for which the candidate is seeking
688     election, Subsection (3)(a) does not apply and that candidate shall be considered to be an
689     unopposed candidate the same as any other unopposed candidate for another office, unless a
690     petition is filed with the county clerk before the date of that year's primary election that:
691          (i) requests the procedure set forth in Subsection (3)(a) to be followed; and
692          (ii) contains the signatures of registered voters in the county representing in number at
693     least 25% of all votes cast in the county for all candidates for governor at the last election at
694     which a governor was elected.
695          Section 8. Section 20A-6-303 is amended to read:
696          20A-6-303. Regular general election -- Ballot sheets.
697          (1) Each election officer shall ensure that:
698          (a) copy on the ballot sheets or ballot labels, as applicable, are arranged in
699     approximately the same order as paper ballots;
700          (b) the ballot sheet or any pages used for the ballot label are of sufficient number to
701     include, after the list of candidates:
702          (i) the names of candidates for judicial offices and any other nonpartisan offices; and
703          (ii) any ballot propositions submitted to the voters for their approval or rejection;
704          (c) the office titles are printed immediately adjacent to the names of candidates so as to
705     indicate clearly the candidates for each office and the number to be elected;
706          (d) the party designation of each candidate [who has been nominated by a registered
707     political party under Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5)] is printed
708     immediately adjacent to the candidate's name; and
709          (e) (i) if possible, all candidates for one office are grouped in one column or upon one

710     page;
711          (ii) if all candidates for one office cannot be listed in one column or grouped on one
712     page:
713          (A) the ballot sheet or ballot label shall be clearly marked to indicate that the list of
714     candidates is continued on the following column or page; and
715          (B) approximately the same number of names shall be printed in each column or on
716     each page.
717          (2) Each election officer shall ensure that:
718          (a) proposed amendments to the Utah Constitution are listed in accordance with
719     Section 20A-6-107;
720          (b) ballot propositions submitted to the voters are listed in accordance with Section
721     20A-6-107; and
722          (c) bond propositions that have qualified for the ballot are listed under the title
723     assigned to each bond proposition under Section 11-14-206.
724          Section 9. Section 20A-6-304 is amended to read:
725          20A-6-304. Regular general election -- Electronic ballots.
726          (1) Each election officer shall ensure that:
727          (a) the format and content of the electronic ballot is arranged in approximately the
728     same order as paper ballots;
729          (b) the titles of offices and the names of candidates are displayed in vertical columns or
730     in a series of separate display screens;
731          (c) the electronic ballot is of sufficient length to include, after the list of candidates:
732          (i) the names of candidates for judicial offices and any other nonpartisan offices; and
733          (ii) any ballot propositions submitted to the voters for their approval or rejection;
734          (d) the office titles are displayed above or at the side of the names of candidates so as
735     to indicate clearly the candidates for each office and the number to be elected;
736          (e) the party designation of each candidate [who has been nominated by a registered
737     political party under Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5)] is displayed
738     adjacent to the candidate's name; and
739          (f) if possible, all candidates for one office are grouped in one column or upon one
740     display screen.

741          (2) Each election officer shall ensure that:
742          (a) proposed amendments to the Utah Constitution are displayed in accordance with
743     Section 20A-6-107;
744          (b) ballot propositions submitted to the voters are displayed in accordance with Section
745     20A-6-107; and
746          (c) bond propositions that have qualified for the ballot are displayed under the title
747     assigned to each bond proposition under Section 11-14-206.
748          Section 10. Section 20A-8-103 is amended to read:
749          20A-8-103. Petition procedures -- Criminal penalty.
750          (1) As used in this section, the proposed name or emblem of a registered political party
751     is "distinguishable" if a reasonable person of average intelligence will be able to perceive a
752     difference between the proposed name or emblem and any name or emblem currently being
753     used by another registered political party.
754          (2) To become a registered political party, an organization of registered voters that is
755     not a continuing political party shall:
756          (a) circulate a petition seeking registered political party status beginning no earlier than
757     the date of the statewide canvass held after the last regular general election and ending no later
758     than [November 30] February 15 of the year [before the year] in which the next regular general
759     election will be held;
760          (b) file a petition with the lieutenant governor that is signed, with a holographic
761     signature, by at least 2,000 registered voters on or before [November 30] February 15 of the
762     year in which a regular general election will be held; and
763          (c) file, with the petition described in Subsection (2)(b), a document certifying:
764          (i) the identity of one or more registered political parties whose members may vote for
765     the organization's candidates; and
766          (ii) whether unaffiliated voters may vote for the organization's candidates[; and].
767          [(iii) whether, for the next election, the organization intends to nominate the
768     organization's candidates in accordance with the provisions of Section 20A-9-406.]
769          (3) The petition shall:
770          (a) be on sheets of paper 8-1/2 inches long and 11 inches wide;
771          (b) be ruled with a horizontal line 3/4 inch from the top, with the space above that line

772     blank for the purpose of binding;
773          (c) contain the name of the political party and the words "Political Party Registration
774     Petition" printed directly below the horizontal line;
775          (d) contain the word "Warning" printed directly under the words described in
776     Subsection (3)(c);
777          (e) contain, to the right of the word "Warning," the following statement printed in not
778     less than eight-point, single leaded type:
779          "It is a class A misdemeanor for anyone to knowingly sign a political party registration
780     petition signature sheet with any name other than the individual's own name or more than once
781     for the same party or if the individual is not registered to vote in this state and does not intend
782     to become registered to vote in this state before the petition is submitted to the lieutenant
783     governor.";
784          (f) contain the following statement directly under the statement described in Subsection
785     (3)(e):
786          "POLITICAL PARTY REGISTRATION PETITION To the Honorable ____,
787     Lieutenant Governor:
788          We, the undersigned citizens of Utah, seek registered political party status for ____
789     (name);
790          Each signer says:
791          I have personally signed this petition with a holographic signature;
792          I am registered to vote in Utah or will register to vote in Utah before the petition is
793     submitted to the lieutenant governor;
794          I am or desire to become a member of the political party; and
795          My street address is written correctly after my name."; and
796          (g) be vertically divided into columns as follows:
797          (i) the first column shall appear at the extreme left of the sheet, be 5/8 inch wide, be
798     headed with "For Office Use Only," and be subdivided with a light vertical line down the
799     middle;
800          (ii) the next column shall be 2-1/2 inches wide, headed "Registered Voter's Printed
801     Name (must be legible to be counted)";
802          (iii) the next column shall be 2-1/2 inches wide, headed "Holographic Signature of

803     Registered Voter";
804          (iv) the next column shall be one inch wide, headed "Birth Date or Age (Optional)";
805          (v) the final column shall be 4-3/8 inches wide, headed "Street Address, City, Zip
806     Code"; and
807          (vi) at the bottom of the sheet, contain the following statement: "Birth date or age
808     information is not required, but it may be used to verify your identity with voter registration
809     records. If you choose not to provide it, your signature may not be certified as a valid signature
810     if you change your address before petition signatures are certified or if the information you
811     provide does not match your voter registration records.";
812          (h) have a final page bound to one or more signature sheets that are bound together that
813     contains the following printed statement:
814          "Verification
815          State of Utah, County of ____
816          I, _______________, of ____, hereby state that:
817          I am a Utah resident and am at least 18 years old;
818          All the names that appear on the signature sheets bound to this page were signed by
819     individuals who professed to be the individuals whose names appear on the signature sheets,
820     and each individual signed the individual's name on the signature sheets in my presence;
821          I believe that each individual has printed and signed the individual's name and written
822     the individual's street address correctly, and that each individual is registered to vote in Utah or
823     will register to vote in Utah before the petition is submitted to the lieutenant governor.
824          ______________________________________________________________________
825          (Signature)               (Residence Address)                    (Date)"; and
826          (i) be bound to a cover sheet that:
827          (i) identifies the political party's name, which may not exceed four words, and the
828     emblem of the party;
829          (ii) states the process that the organization will follow to organize and adopt a
830     constitution and bylaws; and
831          (iii) is signed by a filing officer, who agrees to receive communications on behalf of
832     the organization.
833          (4) The filing officer described in Subsection (3)(i)(iii) shall ensure that the individual

834     in whose presence each signature sheet is signed:
835          (a) is at least 18 years old;
836          (b) meets the residency requirements of Section 20A-2-105; and
837          (c) verifies each signature sheet by completing the verification bound to one or more
838     signature sheets that are bound together.
839          (5) An individual may not sign the verification if the individual signed a signature
840     sheet bound to the verification.
841          (6) The lieutenant governor shall:
842          (a) determine whether the required number of voters appears on the petition;
843          (b) review the proposed name and emblem to determine if they are "distinguishable"
844     from the names and emblems of other registered political parties; and
845          (c) certify the lieutenant governor's findings to the filing officer described in
846     Subsection (3)(i)(iii) within 30 days of the filing of the petition.
847          (7) (a) If the lieutenant governor determines that the petition meets the requirements of
848     this section, and that the proposed name and emblem are distinguishable, the lieutenant
849     governor shall authorize the filing officer described in Subsection (3)(i)(iii) to organize the
850     prospective political party.
851          (b) If the lieutenant governor finds that the name, emblem, or both are not
852     distinguishable from the names and emblems of other registered political parties, the lieutenant
853     governor shall notify the filing officer that the filing officer has seven days to submit a new
854     name or emblem to the lieutenant governor.
855          (8) A registered political party may not change its name or emblem during the regular
856     general election cycle.
857          (9) (a) It is unlawful for an individual to:
858          (i) knowingly sign a political party registration petition:
859          (A) with any name other than the individual's own name;
860          (B) more than once for the same political party; or
861          (C) if the individual is not registered to vote in this state and does not intend to become
862     registered to vote in this state before the petition is submitted to the lieutenant governor; or
863          (ii) sign the verification of a political party registration petition signature sheet if the
864     individual:

865          (A) does not meet the residency requirements of Section 20A-2-105;
866          (B) has not witnessed the signing by those individuals whose names appear on the
867     political party registration petition signature sheet; or
868          (C) knows that an individual whose signature appears on the political party registration
869     petition signature sheet is not registered to vote in this state and does not intend to become
870     registered to vote in this state.
871          (b) An individual who violates this Subsection (9) is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
872          Section 11. Section 20A-9-101 is amended to read:
873          20A-9-101. Definitions.
874          As used in this chapter:
875          (1) (a) "Candidates for elective office" means [persons who file a declaration of
876     candidacy under Section 20A-9-202] individuals selected by a registered political party as party
877     candidates to run in a regular general election [for a federal office, constitutional office,
878     multicounty office, or county office].
879          (b) "Candidates for elective office" does not mean candidates for:
880          (i) justice or judge of court of record or not of record;
881          (ii) presidential elector;
882          (iii) any political party offices; and
883          (iv) municipal or local district offices.
884          (2) "Constitutional office" means the state offices of governor, lieutenant governor,
885     attorney general, state auditor, and state treasurer.
886          [(3) "Continuing political party" means the same as that term is defined in Section
887     20A-8-101.]
888          [(4)] (3) (a) "County office" means an elective office where the officeholder is selected
889     by voters entirely within one county.
890          (b) "County office" does not mean:
891          (i) the office of justice or judge of any court of record or not of record;
892          (ii) the office of presidential elector;
893          (iii) any political party offices;
894          (iv) any municipal or local district offices; and
895          (v) the office of United States Senator and United States Representative.

896          [(5)] (4) "Federal office" means an elective office for United States Senator and United
897     States Representative.
898          [(6)] (5) "Filing officer" means:
899          (a) the lieutenant governor, for:
900          (i) an office representing a political division that contains territory
901     in two or more counties;
902          [(i)] (ii) the office of United States Senator and United States Representative; and
903          [(ii)] (iii) all constitutional offices;
904          (b) the county clerk, for county offices and local school district offices[, and the county
905     clerk in the filer's county of residence, for multicounty offices];
906          (c) the city or town clerk, for municipal offices; and
907          (d) the local district clerk, for local district offices.
908          [(7)] (6) "Local district office" means an elected office in a local district.
909          [(8)] (7) "Local government office" includes county offices, municipal offices, and
910     local district offices and other elective offices selected by the voters from a political division
911     entirely within one county.
912          [(9)] (8) (a) "Multicounty office" means an elective office where the officeholder is
913     selected by the voters from more than one county.
914          (b) "Multicounty office" does not mean:
915          (i) a county office;
916          (ii) a federal office;
917          (iii) the office of justice or judge of any court of record or not of record;
918          (iv) the office of presidential elector;
919          (v) any political party offices; and
920          (vi) any municipal or local district offices.
921          [(10)] (9) "Municipal office" means an elective office in a municipality.
922          [(11)] (10) (a) "Political division" means a geographic unit from which an officeholder
923     is elected and that an officeholder represents.
924          (b) "Political division" includes a county, a city, a town, a local district, a school
925     district, a legislative district, and a county prosecution district.
926          [(12) "Qualified political party" means a registered political party that:]

927          [(a) (i) permits a delegate for the registered political party to vote on a candidate
928     nomination in the registered political party's convention remotely; or]
929          [(ii) provides a procedure for designating an alternate delegate if a delegate is not
930     present at the registered political party's convention;]
931          [(b) does not hold the registered political party's convention before the fourth Saturday
932     in March of an even-numbered year;]
933          [(c) permits a member of the registered political party to seek the registered political
934     party's nomination for any elective office by the member choosing to seek the nomination by
935     either or both of the following methods:]
936          [(i) seeking the nomination through the registered political party's convention process,
937     in accordance with the provisions of Section 20A-9-407; or]
938          [(ii) seeking the nomination by collecting signatures, in accordance with the provisions
939     of Section 20A-9-408; and]
940          [(d) (i) if the registered political party is a continuing political party, no later than 5
941     p.m. on September 30 of an odd-numbered year, certifies to the lieutenant governor that, for the
942     election in the following year, the registered political party intends to nominate the registered
943     political party's candidates in accordance with the provisions of Section 20A-9-406; or]
944          [(ii) if the registered political party is not a continuing political party, certifies at the
945     time that the registered political party files the petition described in Section 20A-8-103 that, for
946     the next election, the registered political party intends to nominate the registered political
947     party's candidates in accordance with the provisions of Section 20A-9-406.]
948          Section 12. Section 20A-9-201 is amended to read:
949          20A-9-201. Declarations of candidacy -- Candidacy for more than one office or of
950     more than one political party prohibited with exceptions -- General filing and form
951     requirements -- Affidavit of impecuniosity.
952          (1) Before filing a declaration of candidacy for election to any office, a person shall:
953          (a) be a United States citizen; and
954          (b) meet the legal requirements of that office[; and].
955          [(c) if seeking a registered political party's nomination as a candidate for elective
956     office, state:]
957          [(i) the registered political party of which the person is a member; or]

958          [(ii) that the person is not a member of a registered political party.]
959          (2) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (2)(b), an individual may not:
960          (i) file a declaration of candidacy for, or be a candidate for, more than one office in
961     Utah during any election year;
962          (ii) appear on the ballot as the candidate of more than one political party; or
963          (iii) file a declaration of candidacy for a registered political party of which the
964     individual is not a member, except to the extent that the registered political party permits
965     otherwise in the registered political party's bylaws.
966          (b) (i) A person may file a declaration of candidacy for, or be a candidate for, president
967     or vice president of the United States and another office, if the person resigns the person's
968     candidacy for the other office after the person is officially nominated for president or vice
969     president of the United States.
970          (ii) A person may file a declaration of candidacy for, or be a candidate for, more than
971     one justice court judge office.
972          (iii) A person may file a declaration of candidacy for lieutenant governor even if the
973     person filed a declaration of candidacy for another office in the same election year if the person
974     withdraws as a candidate for the other office in accordance with Subsection 20A-9-202(6)
975     before filing the declaration of candidacy for lieutenant governor.
976          (3) (a) (i) Except for a candidate for president or vice president of the United States,
977     before the filing officer may accept any declaration of candidacy, the filing officer shall:
978          (A) read to the prospective candidate the constitutional and statutory qualification
979     requirements for the office that the candidate is seeking; and
980          (B) require the candidate to state whether the candidate meets those requirements.
981          (ii) Before accepting a declaration of candidacy for the office of county attorney, the
982     county clerk shall ensure that the person filing that declaration of candidacy is:
983          (A) a United States citizen;
984          (B) an attorney licensed to practice law in Utah who is an active member in good
985     standing of the Utah State Bar;
986          (C) a registered voter in the county in which the person is seeking office; and
987          (D) a current resident of the county in which the person is seeking office and either has
988     been a resident of that county for at least one year or was appointed and is currently serving as

989     county attorney and became a resident of the county within 30 days after appointment to the
990     office.
991          (iii) Before accepting a declaration of candidacy for the office of district attorney, the
992     county clerk shall ensure that, as of the date of the election, the person filing that declaration of
993     candidacy is:
994          (A) a United States citizen;
995          (B) an attorney licensed to practice law in Utah who is an active member in good
996     standing of the Utah State Bar;
997          (C) a registered voter in the prosecution district in which the person is seeking office;
998     and
999          (D) a current resident of the prosecution district in which the person is seeking office
1000     and either will have been a resident of that prosecution district for at least one year as of the
1001     date of the election or was appointed and is currently serving as district attorney and became a
1002     resident of the prosecution district within 30 days after receiving appointment to the office.
1003          (iv) Before accepting a declaration of candidacy for the office of county sheriff, the
1004     county clerk shall ensure that the person filing the declaration of candidacy:
1005          (A) as of the date of filing:
1006          (I) is a United States citizen;
1007          (II) is a registered voter in the county in which the person seeks office;
1008          (III) (Aa) has successfully met the standards and training requirements established for
1009     law enforcement officers under Title 53, Chapter 6, Part 2, Peace Officer Training and
1010     Certification Act; or
1011          (Bb) has met the waiver requirements in Section 53-6-206; and
1012          (IV) is qualified to be certified as a law enforcement officer, as defined in Section
1013     53-13-103; and
1014          (B) as of the date of the election, shall have been a resident of the county in which the
1015     person seeks office for at least one year.
1016          (v) Before accepting a declaration of candidacy for the office of governor, lieutenant
1017     governor, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney general, state legislator, or State Board of
1018     Education member, the filing officer shall ensure:
1019          (A) that the person filing the declaration of candidacy also files the financial disclosure

1020     required by Section 20A-11-1603; and
1021          (B) if the filing officer is not the lieutenant governor, that the financial disclosure is
1022     provided to the lieutenant governor according to the procedures and requirements of Section
1023     20A-11-1603.
1024          (b) If the prospective candidate states that the qualification requirements for the office
1025     are not met, the filing officer may not accept the prospective candidate's declaration of
1026     candidacy.
1027          (c) If the candidate meets the requirements of Subsection (3)(a) and states that the
1028     requirements of candidacy are met, the filing officer shall:
1029          (i) inform the candidate that:
1030          (A) the candidate's name will appear on the ballot as the candidate's name is written on
1031     the declaration of candidacy;
1032          (B) the candidate may be required to comply with state or local campaign finance
1033     disclosure laws; and
1034          (C) the candidate is required to file a financial statement before the candidate's political
1035     convention under:
1036          (I) Section 20A-11-204 for a candidate for constitutional office;
1037          (II) Section 20A-11-303 for a candidate for the Legislature; or
1038          (III) local campaign finance disclosure laws, if applicable;
1039          (ii) except for a presidential candidate, provide the candidate with a copy of the current
1040     campaign financial disclosure laws for the office the candidate is seeking and inform the
1041     candidate that failure to comply will result in disqualification as a candidate and removal of the
1042     candidate's name from the ballot;
1043          (iii) provide the candidate with a copy of Section 20A-7-801 regarding the Statewide
1044     Electronic Voter Information Website Program and inform the candidate of the submission
1045     deadline under Subsection 20A-7-801(4)(a);
1046          (iv) provide the candidate with a copy of the pledge of fair campaign practices
1047     described under Section 20A-9-206 and inform the candidate that:
1048          (A) signing the pledge is voluntary; and
1049          (B) signed pledges shall be filed with the filing officer;
1050          (v) accept the candidate's declaration of candidacy; and

1051          (vi) if the candidate has filed for a partisan office, provide a certified copy of the
1052     declaration of candidacy to the chair of the county or state political party of which the
1053     candidate is a member.
1054          (d) If the candidate elects to sign the pledge of fair campaign practices, the filing
1055     officer shall:
1056          (i) accept the candidate's pledge; and
1057          (ii) if the candidate has filed for a partisan office, provide a certified copy of the
1058     candidate's pledge to the chair of the county or state political party of which the candidate is a
1059     member.
1060          (4) (a) Except for a candidate for president or vice president of the United States, the
1061     form of the declaration of candidacy shall[: (i)] be substantially as follows:
1062          "State of Utah, County of ____
1063               I, ______________, declare my [candidacy] intention of becoming a candidate
1064     for the office of ____, [seeking the nomination of] as a candidate for the ____ party. I
1065     do solemnly swear that: I will meet the qualifications to hold the office, both legally and
1066     constitutionally, if selected; I reside at _____________ in the City or Town of ____,
1067     Utah, Zip Code ____ Phone No. ____; I will not knowingly violate any law governing
1068     campaigns and elections; I will file all campaign financial disclosure reports as required
1069     by law; and I understand that failure to do so will result in my disqualification as a
1070     candidate for this office and removal of my name from the ballot. The mailing address
1071     that I designate for receiving official election notices is
1072     ___________________________.
1073     ____________________________________________________________________
1074          Subscribed and sworn before me this __________(month\day\year).
1075     
Notary Public (or other officer qualified to administer oath)."[; and]

1076          [(ii) require the candidate to state, in the sworn statement described in Subsection
1077     (4)(a)(i):]
1078          [(A) the registered political party of which the candidate is a member; or]
1079          [(B) that the candidate is not a member of a registered political party.]
1080          (b) An agent designated to file a declaration of candidacy under Section 20A-9-202
1081     may not sign the form described in Subsection (4)(a).

1082          (5) (a) Except for presidential candidates, the fee for filing a declaration of candidacy
1083     is:
1084          (i) $50 for candidates for the local school district board; and
1085          (ii) $50 plus 1/8 of 1% of the total salary for the full term of office legally paid to the
1086     person holding the office for all other federal, state, and county offices.
1087          (b) Except for presidential candidates, the filing officer shall refund the filing fee to
1088     any candidate:
1089          (i) who is disqualified; or
1090          (ii) who the filing officer determines has filed improperly.
1091          (c) (i) The county clerk shall immediately pay to the county treasurer all fees received
1092     from candidates.
1093          (ii) The lieutenant governor shall:
1094          (A) apportion to and pay to the county treasurers of the various counties all fees
1095     received for filing of nomination certificates or acceptances; and
1096          (B) ensure that each county receives that proportion of the total amount paid to the
1097     lieutenant governor from the congressional district that the total vote of that county for all
1098     candidates for representative in Congress bears to the total vote of all counties within the
1099     congressional district for all candidates for representative in Congress.
1100          (d) (i) A person who is unable to pay the filing fee may file a declaration of candidacy
1101     without payment of the filing fee upon a prima facie showing of impecuniosity as evidenced by
1102     an affidavit of impecuniosity filed with the filing officer and, if requested by the filing officer,
1103     a financial statement filed at the time the affidavit is submitted.
1104          (ii) A person who is able to pay the filing fee may not claim impecuniosity.
1105          (iii) (A) False statements made on an affidavit of impecuniosity or a financial
1106     statement filed under this section shall be subject to the criminal penalties provided under
1107     Sections 76-8-503 and 76-8-504 and any other applicable criminal provision.
1108          (B) Conviction of a criminal offense under Subsection (5)(d)(iii)(A) shall be
1109     considered an offense under this title for the purposes of assessing the penalties provided in
1110     Subsection 20A-1-609(2).
1111          (iv) The filing officer shall ensure that the affidavit of impecuniosity is printed in
1112     substantially the following form:

1113          "Affidavit of Impecuniosity
1114     Individual Name
1115     ____________________________Address_____________________________
1116     Phone Number _________________
1117     I,__________________________(name), do solemnly [swear] [affirm], under penalty of law
1118     for false statements, that, owing to my poverty, I am unable to pay the filing fee required by
1119     law.
1120     Date ______________ Signature________________________________________________
1121     Affiant
1122     Subscribed and sworn to before me on ___________ (month\day\year)
1123     
______________________

1124     
(signature)

1125          Name and Title of Officer Authorized to Administer Oath
______________________"

1126          (v) The filing officer shall provide to a person who requests an affidavit of
1127     impecuniosity a statement printed in substantially the following form, which may be included
1128     on the affidavit of impecuniosity:
1129          "Filing a false statement is a criminal offense. In accordance with Section 20A-1-609, a
1130     candidate who is found guilty of filing a false statement, in addition to being subject to criminal
1131     penalties, will be removed from the ballot."
1132          (vi) The filing officer may request that a person who makes a claim of impecuniosity
1133     under this Subsection (5)(d) file a financial statement on a form prepared by the election
1134     official.
1135          (6) (a) If there is no legislative appropriation for the Western States Presidential
1136     Primary election, as provided in Part 8, Western States Presidential Primary, a candidate for
1137     president of the United States who is affiliated with a registered political party and chooses to
1138     participate in the regular primary election shall:
1139          (i) file a declaration of candidacy, in person or via a designated agent, with the
1140     lieutenant governor:
1141          (A) on a form developed and provided by the lieutenant governor; and
1142          (B) on or after the second Friday in March and before 5 p.m. on the third Thursday in
1143     March before the next regular primary election;

1144          (ii) identify the registered political party whose nomination the candidate is seeking;
1145          (iii) provide a letter from the registered political party certifying that the candidate may
1146     participate as a candidate for that party in that party's presidential primary election; and
1147          (iv) pay the filing fee of $500.
1148          (b) An agent designated to file a declaration of candidacy may not sign the form
1149     described in Subsection (6)(a)(i)(A).
1150          (7) Any person who fails to file a declaration of candidacy or certificate of nomination
1151     within the time provided in this chapter is ineligible for nomination to office.
1152          (8) A declaration of candidacy filed under this section may not be amended or
1153     modified after the final date established for filing a declaration of candidacy.
1154          Section 13. Section 20A-9-202 is amended to read:
1155          20A-9-202. Declarations of candidacy for regular general elections.
1156          (1) (a) Each person seeking to become a candidate for [an] elective office for a county
1157     office that is to be filled at the next regular general election shall:
1158          (i) file a declaration of candidacy in person with the [filing officer on or after January 1
1159     of the regular general election year, and, if applicable, before the candidate circulates
1160     nomination petitions under Section 20A-9-405] county clerk on or after the second Friday in
1161     March and before 5 p.m. on the third Thursday in March before the next regular general
1162     election; and
1163          (ii) pay the filing fee.
1164          (b) Each person intending to become a candidate for a legislative office or multicounty
1165     office that is to be filled at the next regular general election shall:
1166          (i) file a declaration of candidacy in person with either the lieutenant governor or the
1167     county clerk in the candidate's county of residence on or after the second Friday in March and
1168     before 5 p.m. on the third Thursday in March before the next regular general election; and
1169          (ii) pay the filing fee.
1170          [(b)] (c) (i) Each county clerk who receives a declaration of candidacy from a candidate
1171     for multicounty office shall transmit the filing fee and a copy of the candidate's declaration of
1172     candidacy to the lieutenant governor within one working day after it is filed.
1173          [(c)] (ii) Each day during the filing period, each county clerk shall notify the lieutenant
1174     governor electronically or by telephone of legislative candidates who have filed in [their] the

1175     county clerk's office.
1176          (d) Each person seeking to become a candidate for elective office for a federal office or
1177     constitutional office that is to be filled at the next regular general election shall:
1178          (i) file a declaration of candidacy in person with the lieutenant governor on or after the
1179     second Friday in March and before 5 p.m. on the third Thursday in March before the next
1180     regular general election; and
1181          (ii) pay the filing fee.
1182          [(d)] (e) Each person seeking the office of lieutenant governor, the office of district
1183     attorney, or the office of president or vice president of the United States shall comply with the
1184     specific declaration of candidacy requirements established by this section.
1185          (2) (a) Each person intending to become a candidate for the office of district attorney
1186     within a multicounty prosecution district that is to be filled at the next regular general election
1187     shall:
1188          (i) file a declaration of candidacy with the clerk designated in the interlocal agreement
1189     creating the prosecution district on or after [January 1 of the regular general election year, and
1190     before the candidate circulates nomination petitions under Section 20A-9-405] the second
1191     Friday in March and before 5 p.m. on the third Thursday in March before the next regular
1192     general election; and
1193          (ii) pay the filing fee.
1194          (b) The designated clerk shall provide to the county clerk of each county in the
1195     prosecution district a certified copy of each declaration of candidacy filed for the office of
1196     district attorney.
1197          (3) (a) [On or before 5 p.m. on the first Monday after the third Saturday in April]
1198     Within five working days of nomination, each lieutenant governor candidate shall:
1199          (i) file a declaration of candidacy with the lieutenant governor;
1200          (ii) pay the filing fee; and
1201          (iii) submit a letter from a candidate for governor who has received certification for the
1202     [primary-election] primary election ballot under Section 20A-9-403 that names the lieutenant
1203     governor candidate as a joint-ticket running mate.
1204          (b) Any candidate for lieutenant governor who fails to [timely] file within five working
1205     days is disqualified. If a candidate for lieutenant governor is disqualified, another candidate

1206     shall [file] be nominated to replace the disqualified candidate.
1207          (4) On or before August 31, each registered political party shall:
1208          (a) certify the names of its candidates for president and vice president of the United
1209     States to the lieutenant governor; or
1210          (b) provide written authorization for the lieutenant governor to accept the certification
1211     of candidates for president and vice president of the United States from the national office of
1212     the registered political party.
1213          (5) (a) A declaration of candidacy filed under this section is valid unless a written
1214     objection is filed with the clerk or lieutenant governor within five days after the last day for
1215     filing.
1216          (b) If an objection is made, the clerk or lieutenant governor shall:
1217          (i) mail or personally deliver notice of the objection to the affected candidate
1218     immediately; and
1219          (ii) decide any objection within 48 hours after it is filed.
1220          (c) If the clerk or lieutenant governor sustains the objection, the candidate may cure the
1221     problem by amending the declaration or petition within three days after the objection is
1222     sustained or by filing a new declaration within three days after the objection is sustained.
1223          (d) (i) The clerk's or lieutenant governor's decision upon objections to form is final.
1224          (ii) The clerk's or lieutenant governor's decision upon substantive matters is reviewable
1225     by a district court if prompt application is made to the court.
1226          (iii) The decision of the district court is final unless the Supreme Court, in the exercise
1227     of its discretion, agrees to review the lower court decision.
1228          (6) Any person who filed a declaration of candidacy may withdraw as a candidate by
1229     filing a written affidavit with the clerk.
1230          (7) Except as provided in Subsection 20A-9-201(4)(b), notwithstanding a requirement
1231     in this section to file a declaration of candidacy in person, a person may designate an agent to
1232     file the form described in Subsection 20A-9-201(4) in person with the filing officer if:
1233          (a) the person is located outside the state during the filing period because:
1234          (i) of employment with the state or the United States; or
1235          (ii) the person is a member of:
1236          (A) the active or reserve components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or

1237     Coast Guard of the United States who is on active duty;
1238          (B) the Merchant Marine, the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, or the
1239     commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United
1240     States; or
1241          (C) the National Guard on activated status;
1242          (b) the person communicates with the filing officer using an electronic device that
1243     allows the person and filing officer to see and hear each other; and
1244          (c) the person provides the filing officer with an email address to which the filing
1245     officer may send the copies described in Subsection 20A-9-201(3).
1246          (8) (a) Except for a candidate who is certified by a registered political party under
1247     Subsection (4), and except as provided in Section 20A-9-504, on or before August 31 of a
1248     general election year, each individual running as a candidate for vice president of the United
1249     States shall:
1250          (i) file a declaration of candidacy, in person or via designated agent, on a form
1251     developed by the lieutenant governor, that:
1252          (A) contains the individual's name, address, and telephone number;
1253          (B) states that the individual meets the qualifications for the office of vice president of
1254     the United States;
1255          (C) names the presidential candidate, who has qualified for the general election ballot,
1256     with which the individual is running as a joint-ticket running mate;
1257          (D) states that the individual agrees to be the running mate of the presidential candidate
1258     described in Subsection (8)(a)(i)(C); and
1259          (E) contains any other necessary information identified by the lieutenant governor;
1260          (ii) pay the filing fee, if applicable; and
1261          (iii) submit a letter from the presidential candidate described in Subsection (8)(a)(i)(C)
1262     that names the individual as a joint-ticket running mate as a vice presidential candidate.
1263          (b) A designated agent described in Subsection (8)(a)(i) may not sign the declaration of
1264     candidacy.
1265          (c) A vice presidential candidate who fails to meet the requirements described in this
1266     Subsection (8) may not appear on the general election ballot.
1267          Section 14. Section 20A-9-203 is amended to read:

1268          20A-9-203. Declarations of candidacy -- Municipal general elections.
1269          (1) An individual may become a candidate for any municipal office if:
1270          (a) the individual is a registered voter; and
1271          (b) (i) the individual has resided within the municipality in which the individual seeks
1272     to hold elective office for the 12 consecutive months immediately before the date of the
1273     election; or
1274          (ii) the territory in which the individual resides was annexed into the municipality, the
1275     individual has resided within the annexed territory or the municipality the 12 consecutive
1276     months immediately before the date of the election.
1277          (2) (a) For purposes of determining whether an individual meets the residency
1278     requirement of Subsection (1)(b)(i) in a municipality that was incorporated less than 12 months
1279     before the election, the municipality is considered to have been incorporated 12 months before
1280     the date of the election.
1281          (b) In addition to the requirements of Subsection (1), each candidate for a municipal
1282     council position shall, if elected from a district, be a resident of the council district from which
1283     the candidate is elected.
1284          (c) In accordance with Utah Constitution, Article IV, Section 6, any mentally
1285     incompetent person, any person convicted of a felony, or any person convicted of treason or a
1286     crime against the elective franchise may not hold office in this state until the right to hold
1287     elective office is restored under Section 20A-2-101.3 or 20A-2-101.5.
1288          (3) (a) An individual seeking to become a candidate for a municipal office shall[,
1289     regardless of the nomination method by which the individual is seeking to become a
1290     candidate]:
1291          (i) file a declaration of candidacy, in person with the city recorder or town clerk, during
1292     the office hours described in Section 10-3-301 and not later than the close of those office
1293     hours, between June 1 and June 7 of any odd-numbered year; and
1294          (ii) pay the filing fee, if one is required by municipal ordinance.
1295          (b) Any resident of a municipality may nominate a candidate for a municipal office by:
1296          (i) filing a nomination petition with the city recorder or town clerk during the office
1297     hours described in Section 10-3-301 and not later than the close of those office hours, between
1298     June 1 and June 7 of any odd-numbered year; and

1299          (ii) paying the filing fee, if one is required by municipal ordinance.
1300          (4) (a) Before the filing officer may accept any declaration of candidacy or nomination
1301     petition, the filing officer shall:
1302          (i) read to the prospective candidate or individual filing the petition the constitutional
1303     and statutory qualification requirements for the office that the candidate is seeking; and
1304          (ii) require the candidate or individual filing the petition to state whether the candidate
1305     meets those requirements.
1306          (b) If the prospective candidate does not meet the qualification requirements for the
1307     office, the filing officer may not accept the declaration of candidacy or nomination petition.
1308          (c) If it appears that the prospective candidate meets the requirements of candidacy, the
1309     filing officer shall:
1310          (i) inform the candidate that the candidate's name will appear on the ballot as it is
1311     written on the declaration of candidacy;
1312          (ii) provide the candidate with a copy of the current campaign financial disclosure laws
1313     for the office the candidate is seeking and inform the candidate that failure to comply will
1314     result in disqualification as a candidate and removal of the candidate's name from the ballot;
1315          (iii) provide the candidate with a copy of Section 20A-7-801 regarding the Statewide
1316     Electronic Voter Information Website Program and inform the candidate of the submission
1317     deadline under Subsection 20A-7-801(4)(a);
1318          (iv) provide the candidate with a copy of the pledge of fair campaign practices
1319     described under Section 20A-9-206 and inform the candidate that:
1320          (A) signing the pledge is voluntary; and
1321          (B) signed pledges shall be filed with the filing officer; and
1322          (v) accept the declaration of candidacy or nomination petition.
1323          (d) If the candidate elects to sign the pledge of fair campaign practices, the filing
1324     officer shall:
1325          (i) accept the candidate's pledge; and
1326          (ii) if the candidate has filed for a partisan office, provide a certified copy of the
1327     candidate's pledge to the chair of the county or state political party of which the candidate is a
1328     member.
1329          (5) Notwithstanding the requirement in Subsection (3)(a)(i) to file a declaration of

1330     candidacy in person, an individual may designate an agent to file the form described in
1331     Subsection (6) in person with the city recorder or town clerk if:
1332          (a) the individual is located outside the state during the filing period because:
1333          (i) of employment with the state or the United States; or
1334          (ii) the individual is a member of:
1335          (A) the active or reserve components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or
1336     Coast Guard of the United States who is on active duty;
1337          (B) the Merchant Marine, the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, or the
1338     commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United
1339     States; or
1340          (C) the National Guard on activated status;
1341          (b) the individual makes the declaration of candidacy described in Subsection (6) to an
1342     individual qualified to administer an oath;
1343          (c) the individual communicates with the city recorder or town clerk using an
1344     electronic device that allows the individual and the city recorder or town clerk to see and hear
1345     each other; and
1346          (d) the individual provides the city recorder or town clerk with an email address to
1347     which the filing officer may send the copies described in Subsection (4).
1348          (6) (a) The declaration of candidacy shall substantially comply with the following
1349     form:
1350          "I, (print name) ____, being first sworn, say that I reside at ____ Street, City of ____,
1351     County of ____, state of Utah, Zip Code ____, Telephone Number (if any) ____; that I am a
1352     registered voter; and that I am a candidate for the office of ____ (stating the term). I will meet
1353     the legal qualifications required of candidates for this office. I will file all campaign financial
1354     disclosure reports as required by law and I understand that failure to do so will result in my
1355     disqualification as a candidate for this office and removal of my name from the ballot. I
1356     request that my name be printed upon the applicable official ballots. (Signed)
1357     _______________
1358          Subscribed and sworn to (or affirmed) before me by ____ on this
1359     __________(month\day\year).
1360          (Signed) _______________ (Clerk or other officer qualified to administer oath)".

1361          (b) An agent designated to file a declaration of candidacy under Subsection (5) may not
1362     sign the form described in Subsection (6)(a).
1363          (7) (a) A registered voter may be nominated for municipal office by submitting a
1364     petition signed, with a holographic signature, by:
1365          (i) 25 residents of the municipality who are at least 18 years old; or
1366          (ii) 20% of the residents of the municipality who are at least 18 years old.
1367          (b) (i) The petition shall substantially conform to the following form:
1368     
"NOMINATION PETITION

1369          The undersigned residents of (name of municipality) being 18 years old or older
1370     nominate (name of nominee) to the office of ____ for the (two or four-year term, whichever is
1371     applicable)."
1372          (ii) The remainder of the petition shall contain lines and columns for the signatures of
1373     individuals signing the petition and the individuals' addresses and telephone numbers.
1374          (8) If the declaration of candidacy or nomination petition fails to state whether the
1375     nomination is for the two-year or four-year term, the clerk shall consider the nomination to be
1376     for the four-year term.
1377          (9) (a) The clerk shall verify with the county clerk that all candidates are registered
1378     voters.
1379          (b) Any candidate who is not registered to vote is disqualified and the clerk may not
1380     print the candidate's name on the ballot.
1381          (10) Immediately after expiration of the period for filing a declaration of candidacy, the
1382     clerk shall:
1383          (a) cause the names of the candidates as they will appear on the ballot to be published:
1384          (i) in at least two successive publications of a newspaper with general circulation in the
1385     municipality; and
1386          (ii) as required in Section 45-1-101; and
1387          (b) notify the lieutenant governor of the names of the candidates as they will appear on
1388     the ballot.
1389          (11) A declaration of candidacy or nomination petition filed under this section may not
1390     be amended after the expiration of the period for filing a declaration of candidacy.
1391          (12) (a) A declaration of candidacy or nomination petition filed under this section is

1392     valid unless a written objection is filed with the clerk within five days after the last day for
1393     filing.
1394          (b) If an objection is made, the clerk shall:
1395          (i) mail or personally deliver notice of the objection to the affected candidate
1396     immediately; and
1397          (ii) decide any objection within 48 hours after the objection is filed.
1398          (c) If the clerk sustains the objection, the candidate may correct the problem by
1399     amending the declaration or petition within three days after the objection is sustained or by
1400     filing a new declaration within three days after the objection is sustained.
1401          (d) (i) The clerk's decision upon objections to form is final.
1402          (ii) The clerk's decision upon substantive matters is reviewable by a district court if
1403     prompt application is made to the district court.
1404          (iii) The decision of the district court is final unless the Supreme Court, in the exercise
1405     of its discretion, agrees to review the lower court decision.
1406          (13) An individual who files a declaration of candidacy and is nominated, and an
1407     individual who is nominated by a nomination petition, may, any time up to 23 days before the
1408     election, withdraw the nomination by filing a written affidavit with the clerk.
1409          Section 15. Section 20A-9-403 is amended to read:
1410          20A-9-403. Regular primary elections.
1411          (1) (a) [Candidates for elective office that are to be filled at the next regular general
1412     election shall be nominated in a regular primary election by direct vote of the people in the
1413     manner prescribed in this section.] The fourth Tuesday of June of each even-numbered year is
1414     designated as regular primary election day. [Nothing in this section shall affect a candidate's
1415     ability to qualify for a regular general election's ballot as an unaffiliated candidate under
1416     Section 20A-9-501 or to participate in a regular general election as a write-in candidate under
1417     Section 20A-9-601.]
1418          (b) Each registered political party that chooses to [have the names] use the primary
1419     election process to nominate some or all of the registered political party's candidates [for
1420     elective office featured with party affiliation on the ballot at a regular general election] shall
1421     comply with the requirements of this section [and shall nominate the registered political party's
1422     candidates for elective office in the manner described in this section].

1423          [(c) A filing officer may not permit an official ballot at a regular general election to be
1424     produced or used if the ballot denotes affiliation between a registered political party or any
1425     other political group and a candidate for elective office who is not nominated in the manner
1426     prescribed in this section or in Subsection 20A-9-202(4).]
1427          [(d) Unless noted otherwise, the dates in this section refer to those that occur in each
1428     even-numbered year in which a regular general election will be held.]
1429          (2) (a) [Each] As a condition for using the state's election system, each registered
1430     political party[, in a statement filed with the lieutenant governor,] that wishes to participate in
1431     the primary election shall:
1432          (i) [either] declare the registered political party's intent to participate in the [next
1433     regular] primary election [or declare that the registered political party chooses not to have the
1434     names of the registered political party's candidates for elective office featured on the ballot at
1435     the next regular general election; and];
1436          (ii) [if the registered political party participates in the upcoming regular primary
1437     election,] identify one or more registered political parties whose members may vote for the
1438     registered political party's candidates and whether individuals identified as unaffiliated with a
1439     political party may vote for the registered political party's candidates[.]; and
1440          [(b) (i) A registered political party that is a continuing political party shall file the
1441     statement described in Subsection (2)(a) with the lieutenant governor no later than 5 p.m. on
1442     November 30 of each odd-numbered year.]
1443          [(ii) An organization that is seeking to become a registered political party under
1444     Section 20A-8-103 shall file the statement described in Subsection (2)(a) at the time that the
1445     registered political party files the petition described in Section 20A-8-103.]
1446          [(3) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (3)(e), an individual who submits a
1447     declaration of candidacy under Section 20A-9-202 shall appear as a candidate for elective
1448     office on the regular primary ballot of the registered political party listed on the declaration of
1449     candidacy only if the individual is certified by the appropriate filing officer as having submitted
1450     a set of nomination petitions that was:]
1451          [(i) circulated and completed in accordance with Section 20A-9-405; and]
1452          [(ii) signed by at least 2% of the registered political party's members who reside in the
1453     political division of the office that the individual seeks.]

1454          [(b) (i) A candidate for elective office shall submit nomination petitions to the
1455     appropriate filing officer for verification and certification no later than 5 p.m. on the final day
1456     in March.]
1457          [(ii) A candidate may supplement the candidate's submissions at any time on or before
1458     the filing deadline.]
1459          [(c) (i) The lieutenant governor shall determine for each elective office the total
1460     number of signatures that must be submitted under Subsection (3)(a)(ii) by counting the
1461     aggregate number of individuals residing in each elective office's political division who have
1462     designated a particular registered political party on the individuals' voter registration forms on
1463     or before November 15 of each odd-numbered year.]
1464          [(ii) The lieutenant governor shall publish the determination for each elective office no
1465     later than November 30 of each odd-numbered year.]
1466          [(d) The filing officer shall:]
1467          [(i) verify signatures on nomination petitions in a transparent and orderly manner;]
1468          [(ii) for all qualifying candidates for elective office who submit nomination petitions to
1469     the filing officer, issue certifications referenced in Subsection (3)(a) no later than 5 p.m. on the
1470     first Monday after the third Saturday in April;]
1471          [(iii) consider active and inactive voters eligible to sign nomination petitions;]
1472          [(iv) consider an individual who signs a nomination petition a member of a registered
1473     political party for purposes of Subsection (3)(a)(ii) if the individual has designated that
1474     registered political party as the individual's party membership on the individual's voter
1475     registration form; and]
1476          [(v) utilize procedures described in Section 20A-7-206.3 to verify submitted
1477     nomination petition signatures, or use statistical sampling procedures to verify submitted
1478     nomination petition signatures in accordance with rules made under Subsection (3)(f).]
1479          [(e) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Subsection (3), a candidate for
1480     lieutenant governor may appear on the regular primary ballot of a registered political party
1481     without submitting nomination petitions if the candidate files a declaration of candidacy and
1482     complies with Subsection 20A-9-202(3).]
1483          [(f) In accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act, the
1484     director of elections, within the Office of the Lieutenant Governor, shall make rules that:]

1485          [(i) provide for the use of statistical sampling procedures that:]
1486          [(A) filing officers are required to use to verify signatures under Subsection (3)(d);
1487     and]
1488          [(B) reflect a bona fide effort to determine the validity of a candidate's entire
1489     submission, using widely recognized statistical sampling techniques; and]
1490          [(ii) provide for the transparent, orderly, and timely submission, verification, and
1491     certification of nomination petition signatures.]
1492          (iii) certify the information described in this Subsection (2)(a) to the lieutenant
1493     governor no later than 5 p.m. on March 1 of each even-numbered year.
1494          (b) As a condition for using the state's election system, each registered political party
1495     that wishes to participate in the primary election shall:
1496          (i) certify the name and office of each of the registered political party's candidates to
1497     the lieutenant governor no later than 5 p.m. on the first Monday after the fourth Saturday in
1498     April of each even-numbered year and indicate which of the candidates will be on the primary
1499     ballot; and
1500          (ii) certify the name and office of each of the registered political party's county
1501     candidates to the county clerks by 5 p.m. on the first Monday after the fourth Saturday in April
1502     of each even-numbered year and indicate which of the candidates will be on the primary ballot.
1503          (c) By 5 p.m. on the first Wednesday after the third Saturday in April of each
1504     even-numbered year, the lieutenant governor shall send the county clerks a certified list of the
1505     names of all statewide candidates, multicounty candidates, or single county candidates that
1506     shall be printed on the primary ballot and the order the candidates are to appear on the ballot in
1507     accordance with Section 20A-6-305.
1508          (d) Except for presidential candidates, if a registered political party does not wish to
1509     participate in the primary election, the registered political party shall submit the names of the
1510     registered political party's county candidates to the county clerks and the names of all of the
1511     registered political party's candidates to the lieutenant governor by 5 p.m. on May 30 of each
1512     even-numbered year.
1513          [(g)] (3) The county clerk shall:
1514          [(i)] (a) review the declarations of candidacy filed by candidates for local boards of
1515     education to determine if more than two candidates have filed for the same seat;

1516          [(ii)] (b) place the names of all candidates who have filed a declaration of candidacy
1517     for a local board of education seat on the nonpartisan section of the ballot if more than two
1518     candidates have filed for the same seat; and
1519          [(iii)] (c) determine the order of the [local board of education] candidates' names on the
1520     ballot in accordance with Section 20A-6-305.
1521          [(4) (a) By 5 p.m. on the first Wednesday after the third Saturday in April, the
1522     lieutenant governor shall provide to the county clerks:]
1523          [(i) a list of the names of all candidates for federal, constitutional, multi-county, single
1524     county, and county offices who have received certifications under Subsection (3), along with
1525     instructions on how those names shall appear on the primary election ballot in accordance with
1526     Section 20A-6-305; and]
1527          [(ii) a list of unopposed candidates for elective office who have been nominated by a
1528     registered political party under Subsection (5)(c) and instruct the county clerks to exclude the
1529     unopposed candidates from the primary election ballot.]
1530          [(b) A candidate for lieutenant governor and a candidate for governor campaigning as
1531     joint-ticket running mates shall appear jointly on the primary election ballot.]
1532          [(c)] (4) After the county clerk receives the certified list from [the lieutenant governor
1533     under Subsection (4)(a)] a registered political party, the county clerk shall post or publish a
1534     primary election notice in substantially the following form:
1535          "Notice is given that a primary election will be held Tuesday, June ____,
1536     ________(year), to nominate party candidates for the parties and [candidates for] nonpartisan
1537     [local school board positions] offices listed on the primary ballot. The polling place for voting
1538     precinct ____ is ____. The polls will open at 7 a.m. and continue open until 8 p.m. of the same
1539     day. Attest: county clerk."
1540          (5) (a) A candidate, other than a presidential candidate, who, at the regular primary
1541     election, receives the highest number of votes cast for the office sought by the candidate is[:
1542     (i)] nominated for that office by the candidate's registered political party[; or] or nonpartisan
1543     group.
1544          [(ii) for a nonpartisan local school board position, nominated for that office.]
1545          (b) If two or more candidates, other than presidential candidates, are to be elected to
1546     the office at the regular general election, those party candidates equal in number to positions to

1547     be filled who receive the highest number of votes at the regular primary election are the
1548     nominees of the candidates' party for those positions.
1549          (c) (i) As used in this Subsection (5)(c), a candidate is "unopposed" if:
1550          (A) no individual other than the candidate receives a certification under Subsection
1551     [(3)] (2) for the regular primary election ballot of the candidate's registered political party for a
1552     particular elective office; or
1553          (B) for an office where more than one individual is to be elected or nominated, the
1554     number of candidates who receive certification under Subsection [(3)] (2) for the regular
1555     primary election of the candidate's registered political party does not exceed the total number of
1556     candidates to be elected or nominated for that office.
1557          (ii) A candidate who is unopposed for an elective office in the regular primary election
1558     of a registered political party is nominated by the party for that office without appearing on the
1559     primary election ballot.
1560          (6) (a) When a tie vote occurs in any primary election for any national, state, or other
1561     office that represents more than one county, the governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney
1562     general shall, at a public meeting called by the governor and in the presence of the candidates
1563     involved, select the nominee by lot cast in whatever manner the governor determines.
1564          (b) When a tie vote occurs in any primary election for any county office, the district
1565     court judges of the district in which the county is located shall, at a public meeting called by
1566     the judges and in the presence of the candidates involved, select the nominee by lot cast in
1567     whatever manner the judges determine.
1568          (7) The expense of providing all ballots, blanks, or other supplies to be used at any
1569     primary election provided for by this section, and all expenses necessarily incurred in the
1570     preparation for or the conduct of that primary election shall be paid out of the treasury of the
1571     county or state, in the same manner as for the regular general elections.
1572          (8) An individual may not file a declaration of candidacy for a registered political party
1573     of which the individual is not a member, except to the extent that the registered political party
1574     permits otherwise under the registered political party's bylaws.
1575          Section 16. Section 20A-9-404 is amended to read:
1576          20A-9-404. Municipal primary elections.
1577          (1) (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, candidates for municipal office in

1578     all municipalities shall be nominated at a municipal primary election.
1579          (b) Municipal primary elections shall be held:
1580          (i) consistent with Section 20A-1-201.5, on the second Tuesday following the first
1581     Monday in the August before the regular municipal election; and
1582          (ii) whenever possible, at the same polling places as the regular municipal election.
1583          (2) If the number of candidates for a particular municipal office does not exceed twice
1584     the number of individuals needed to fill that office, a primary election for that office may not
1585     be held and the candidates are considered nominated.
1586          (3) (a) For purposes of this Subsection (3), "convention" means an organized assembly
1587     of voters or delegates.
1588          (b) (i) By ordinance adopted before the May 1 that falls before a regular municipal
1589     election, any third, fourth, or fifth class city or town may exempt itself from a primary election
1590     by providing that the nomination of candidates for municipal office to be voted upon at a
1591     municipal election be nominated by a political party convention or committee.
1592          (ii) Any primary election exemption ordinance adopted under the authority of this
1593     Subsection (3) remains in effect until repealed by ordinance.
1594          (c) (i) A convention or committee may not nominate[: (A) an individual who has not
1595     submitted a declaration of candidacy, or has not been nominated by a nomination petition,
1596     under Section 20A-9-203; or (B)] more than one group of candidates, or have placed on the
1597     ballot more than one group of candidates, for the municipal offices to be voted upon at the
1598     municipal election.
1599          (ii) A convention or committee may nominate an individual who has been nominated
1600     by a different convention or committee.
1601          (iii) A political party may not have more than one group of candidates placed upon the
1602     ballot and may not group the same candidates on different tickets by the same party under a
1603     different name or emblem.
1604          (d) (i) The convention or committee shall prepare a certificate of nomination for each
1605     individual nominated.
1606          (ii) The certificate of nomination shall:
1607          (A) contain the name of the office for which each individual is nominated, the name,
1608     post office address, and, if in a city, the street number of residence and place of business, if

1609     any, of each individual nominated;
1610          (B) designate in not more than five words the political party that the convention or
1611     committee represents;
1612          (C) contain a copy of the resolution passed at the convention that authorized the
1613     committee to make the nomination;
1614          (D) contain a statement certifying that the name of the candidate nominated by the
1615     political party will not appear on the ballot as a candidate for any other political party;
1616          (E) be signed by the presiding officer and secretary of the convention or committee;
1617     and
1618          (F) contain a statement identifying the residence and post office address of the
1619     presiding officer and secretary and certifying that the presiding officer and secretary were
1620     officers of the convention or committee and that the certificates are true to the best of their
1621     knowledge and belief.
1622          (iii) Certificates of nomination shall be filed with the clerk not later than 80 days
1623     before the municipal general election.
1624          (e) A committee appointed at a convention, if authorized by an enabling resolution,
1625     may also make nominations or fill vacancies in nominations made at a convention.
1626          (f) The election ballot shall substantially comply with the form prescribed in Title 20A,
1627     Chapter 6, Part 4, Ballot Form Requirements for Municipal Elections, but the party name shall
1628     be included with the candidate's name.
1629          (4) (a) Any third, fourth, or fifth class city may adopt an ordinance before the May 1
1630     that falls before the regular municipal election that:
1631          (i) exempts the city from the other methods of nominating candidates to municipal
1632     office provided in this section; and
1633          (ii) provides for a partisan primary election method of nominating candidates as
1634     provided in this Subsection (4).
1635          (b) (i) Any party that was a registered political party at the last regular general election
1636     or regular municipal election is a municipal political party under this section.
1637          (ii) Any political party may qualify as a municipal political party by presenting a
1638     petition to the city recorder that:
1639          (A) is signed, with a holographic signature, by registered voters within the municipality

1640     equal to at least 20% of the number of votes cast for all candidates for mayor in the last
1641     municipal election at which a mayor was elected;
1642          (B) is filed with the city recorder by May 31 of any odd-numbered year;
1643          (C) is substantially similar to the form of the signature sheets described in Section
1644     20A-7-303; and
1645          (D) contains the name of the municipal political party using not more than five words.
1646          (c) (i) If the number of candidates for a particular office does not exceed twice the
1647     number of offices to be filled at the regular municipal election, no partisan primary election for
1648     that office shall be held and the candidates are considered to be nominated.
1649          (ii) If the number of candidates for a particular office exceeds twice the number of
1650     offices to be filled at the regular municipal election, those candidates for municipal office shall
1651     be nominated at a partisan primary election.
1652          (d) The clerk shall ensure that:
1653          (i) the partisan municipal primary ballot is similar to the ballot forms required by
1654     Sections 20A-6-401 and 20A-6-401.1;
1655          (ii) the candidates for each municipal political party are listed in one or more columns
1656     under their party name and emblem;
1657          (iii) the names of candidates of all parties are printed on the same ballot, but under
1658     their party designation;
1659          (iv) every ballot is folded and perforated in a manner that separates the candidates of
1660     one party from those of the other parties and enables the voter to separate the part of the ballot
1661     containing the names of the party of the voter's choice from the remainder of the ballot; and
1662          (v) the side edges of all ballots are perforated so that the outside sections of the ballots,
1663     when detached, are similar in appearance to inside sections when detached.
1664          (e) After marking a municipal primary ballot, the voter shall:
1665          (i) detach the part of the ballot containing the names of the candidates of the party the
1666     voter has voted from the rest of the ballot;
1667          (ii) fold the detached part so that its face is concealed and deposit it in the ballot box;
1668     and
1669          (iii) fold the remainder of the ballot containing the names of the candidates of the
1670     parties for whom the elector did not vote and deposit it in the blank ballot box.

1671          (f) Immediately after the canvass, the election judges shall, without examination,
1672     destroy the tickets deposited in the blank ballot box.
1673          Section 17. Section 20A-9-701 is amended to read:
1674          20A-9-701. Certification of party candidates to county clerks -- Display on ballot.
1675          (1) No later than August 31 of each regular general election year, the lieutenant
1676     governor shall certify to each county clerk[, for offices to be voted upon at the regular general
1677     election in that county clerk's county: (a)] the names of each candidate [nominated under
1678     Subsection 20A-9-202(4) or Subsection 20A-9-403(5); and (b) the names of the], including
1679     candidates for president and vice president that are certified by the registered political party as
1680     the party's nominees, for offices to be voted upon at the regular general election in that county
1681     clerk's county.
1682          (2) The names shall be certified by the lieutenant governor and shall be displayed on
1683     the ballot as they are provided on the candidate's declaration of candidacy. [No other names
1684     may appear on the ballot as affiliated with, endorsed by, or nominated by any other registered
1685     political party, political party, or other political group.]
1686          Section 18. Repealer.
1687          This bill repeals:
1688          Section 20A-1-103, Severability clause.
1689          Section 20A-9-405, Nomination petitions for regular primary elections.
1690          Section 20A-9-406, Qualified political party -- Requirements and exemptions.
1691          Section 20A-9-407, Convention process to seek the nomination of a qualified
1692     political party.
1693          Section 20A-9-408, Signature-gathering process to seek the nomination of a
1694     qualified political party.
1695          Section 20A-9-408.5, Declaration of candidacy form for qualified political party.
1696          Section 20A-9-409, Primary election provisions relating to qualified political party.
1697          Section 20A-9-410, Rulemaking authority.
1698          Section 20A-9-411, Signing multiple nomination petitions.
1699          Section 19. Effective date.
1700          (1) Except as provided in Subsection (2), if approved by two-thirds of all the members
1701     elected to each house, this bill takes effect upon approval by the governor, if the governor

1702     approves the bill on or before March 8, 2018.
1703          (2) If this bill is not approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to each house,
1704     or if the governor does not approve the bill on or before March 8, 2018, this bill takes effect on
1705     January 1, 2019.






Legislative Review Note
Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel