1     
CIVIL COMMITMENT AMENDMENTS

2     
2023 GENERAL SESSION

3     
STATE OF UTAH

4     
Chief Sponsor: Ryan D. Wilcox

5     
Senate Sponsor: Michael S. Kennedy

6     

7     LONG TITLE
8     General Description:
9          This bill modifies provisions relating to competency to stand trial.
10     Highlighted Provisions:
11          This bill:
12          ▸     defines terms and modifies definitions;
13          ▸     modifies procedures and requirements for finding a defendant incompetent to stand
14     trial in a criminal proceeding, including provisions relating to:
15               •     the court in which a petition to determine competency may be filed;
16               •     the information and circumstances on which the forensic evaluation of a
17     defendant may be based;
18               •     the number of forensic evaluators required to evaluate a defendant;
19               •     the court's findings regarding a defendant's competency; and
20               •     commitment of an incompetent defendant for restoration treatment; and
21          ▸     makes technical changes.
22     Money Appropriated in this Bill:
23          None
24     Other Special Clauses:
25          None
26     Utah Code Sections Affected:
27     AMENDS:
28          77-15-2, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2018, Chapter 147
29          77-15-3.5, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2018, Chapter 147
30          77-15-5, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2018, Chapter 147
31          77-15-6, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2018, Chapter 147
32     

33     Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
34          Section 1. Section 77-15-2 is amended to read:
35          77-15-2. Definitions.
36          As used in this chapter:
37          (1) "Competency evaluation" means an evaluation conducted by a forensic evaluator to
38     determine if an individual is competent to stand trial.
39          (2) "Competent to stand trial" means that a defendant has:
40          (a) a rational and factual understanding of the criminal proceedings against the
41     defendant and of the punishment specified for the offense charged; and
42          (b) the ability to consult with the defendant's legal counsel with a reasonable degree of
43     rational understanding in order to assist in the defense.
44          (3) "Department" means the Department of Health and Human Services.
45          (4) "Forensic evaluator" means a licensed mental health professional who [is]:
46          (a) is not involved in the defendant's treatment; [and]
47          (b) is trained and qualified by the department to conduct a competency evaluation, a
48     restoration screening, and a progress toward competency evaluation[.], based on knowledge,
49     experience, or education relating to:
50          (i) intellectual functioning or psychopathology; and
51          (ii) the legal system and the rights of a defendant in a criminal trial; and
52          (c) if under contract with the department, demonstrates ongoing education and training
53     relating to forensic mental health in accordance with rules established by the department in
54     accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act.
55          (5) "Incompetent to proceed" means that a defendant is not competent to stand trial[.]
56     as a result of:
57          (a) mental illness; or
58          (b) intellectual disability.
59          (6) "Intellectual disability" means an intellectual disability as defined in the current
60     edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the
61     American Psychiatric Association.
62          (7) "Mental illness" means the same as that term is defined in Section 62A-15-602.
63          [(6)] (8) "Petition" means a petition to request a court to determine whether a defendant
64     is competent to stand trial.
65          [(7)] (9) "Progress toward competency evaluation" means an evaluation to determine
66     whether an individual who is receiving restoration treatment is:
67          (a) competent to stand trial;
68          (b) incompetent to proceed but has a substantial probability of becoming competent to
69     stand trial in the foreseeable future; or
70          (c) incompetent to proceed and does not have a substantial probability of becoming
71     competent to stand trial in the foreseeable future.
72          [(8) "Restoration screening" means an assessment of an individual determined to be
73     incompetent to stand trial for the purpose of determining the appropriate placement and
74     restoration treatment for the individual.]
75          [(9)] (10) "Restoration treatment" means training and treatment that is:
76          (a) provided to an individual who is incompetent to proceed;
77          (b) tailored to the individual's particular impairment to competency; and
78          (c) limited to the purpose of restoring the individual to competency.
79          Section 2. Section 77-15-3.5 is amended to read:
80          77-15-3.5. Incompetent to proceed in misdemeanor cases.
81          (1) When a defendant charged with a misdemeanor [is] may be incompetent to
82     proceed, [a] any petition [may] shall be filed in [the district court of the county where the
83     charge is pending or where the defendant is confined] accordance with Section 77-15-3.
84          (2) If the most severe charge against a defendant is a misdemeanor and the defendant is
85     adjudicated by a court as incompetent to proceed:
86          (a) the department shall provide restoration treatment to the defendant; and
87          (b) the court may refer the defendant to pretrial diversion services, upon agreement of
88     the prosecution and defense counsel.
89          (3) Unless the prosecutor or another individual indicates that civil commitment
90     proceedings will be initiated under Subsection 77-15-6(5)(c), a court shall release a defendant
91     who is incompetent to proceed if:
92          (a) the most severe charge against the defendant is [no more severe than] a class B
93     misdemeanor;
94          (b) more than 60 days have passed after the day on which the court adjudicated the
95     defendant incompetent to proceed; and
96          (c) the defendant [has not been] is not restored to competency.
97          (4) The department shall provide restoration treatment to the defendant within the
98     timeframe described in Subsection (3)(b).
99          [(4)] (5) [A] The court may, but is not required to, dismiss the charges against a
100     defendant who was released under Subsection (3).
101          Section 3. Section 77-15-5 is amended to read:
102          77-15-5. Order for hearing -- Stay of other proceedings -- Examinations of
103     defendant -- Scope of examination and report.
104          (1) A court in which criminal proceedings are pending shall stay all criminal
105     proceedings, if:
106          (a) a petition is filed under Section 77-15-3 or 77-15-3.5; or
107          (b) the court raises the issue of the defendant's competency under Section 77-15-4.
108          (2) The court in which the petition described in Subsection (1)(a) is filed:
109          (a) shall inform the court in which criminal proceedings are pending of the petition, if
110     the petition is not filed in the court in which criminal proceedings are pending;
111          (b) shall review the allegations of incompetency;
112          (c) may hold a limited hearing solely for the purpose of determining the sufficiency of
113     the petition, if the court finds the petition is not clearly sufficient on its face;
114          (d) shall hold a hearing, if the petition is opposed by either party; and
115          (e) may not order an examination of the defendant or order a hearing on the mental
116     condition of the defendant unless the court finds that the allegations in the petition raise a bona
117     fide doubt as to the defendant's competency to stand trial[; and].
118          [(f) if] (3) (a) If the court finds that [the allegations raise] there is a bona fide doubt as
119     to the defendant's competency to stand trial, the court shall order[:] the department to have one
120     or two forensic evaluators complete a competency evaluation for the defendant in accordance
121     with Subsection (3)(b) and provide a report to the court regarding the competency of the
122     defendant to stand trial.
123          [(i) the department to have the defendant evaluated by one forensic evaluator, if:]
124          [(A) the most severe charge against the defendant is a misdemeanor; or]
125          [(B) the defendant is charged with a felony but is not charged with a capital felony, and
126     the court determines, based upon the allegations in the petition, that a second competency
127     evaluation is not necessary;]
128          [(ii) the department to have the defendant evaluated by two forensic evaluators, if:]
129          [(A) the defendant is charged with a capital felony; or]
130          [(B) the defendant is charged with a felony but is not charged with a capital felony, and
131     the court determines, based upon the allegations in the petition, that a second competency
132     evaluation is necessary; and]
133          [(iii) the defendant to be evaluated by an additional forensic evaluator, if requested by a
134     party, who shall:]
135          [(A) select the additional forensic evaluator; and]
136          [(B) pay for the costs of the additional forensic evaluator.]
137          (b) The court shall order the department to have the defendant evaluated by one
138     forensic evaluator unless:
139          (i) the defendant is charged with a capital felony; or
140          (ii) the defendant is charged with a felony that is not a capital felony, and the court
141     determines, based on the allegations in the petition, that good cause exists to order two
142     competency evaluations.
143          (c) (i) This section does not prohibit a party from seeking an additional forensic
144     evaluator to conduct a competency evaluation of the defendant.
145          (ii) If a party seeks an additional competency evaluation under this Subsection (3)(c),
146     the party shall:
147          (A) select the additional forensic evaluator; and
148          (B) pay the costs of the additional forensic evaluator.
149          (d) The stipulation by parties to a bona fide doubt as to the defendant's competency to
150     stand trial alone may not take the place of a competency evaluation ordered under this
151     Subsection (3).
152          [(3)] (4) (a) If the petition or other information sufficiently raises concerns that the
153     defendant may have [intellectual or developmental disabilities] an intellectual disability, at
154     least one forensic evaluator who is experienced in [intellectual or developmental disability]
155     assessments of intellectual disabilities shall conduct a competency evaluation.
156          (b) The petitioner or other party, as directed by the court or requested by the
157     department, shall provide to the forensic evaluator nonmedical information and materials
158     relevant to a determination of the defendant's competency, including the charging document,
159     arrest or incident reports pertaining to the charged offense, known criminal history information,
160     and known prior mental health evaluations and treatments.
161          (c) For purposes of a competency evaluation, a [court may order that custodians]
162     custodian of mental health records pertaining to the defendant [provide those records to a
163     forensic evaluator without the need for consent of the defendant.], including the defendant's
164     prior mental health evaluations or records relating to the defendant's substance use disorder,
165     may provide the records to:
166          (i) with the defendant's consent, a forensic evaluator or the department on the
167     department's request; or
168          (ii) a forensic evaluator by court order.
169          (d) A court order under Subsection (4)(c) shall include a protective order that expires
170     180 days after the day on which:
171          (i) the defendant is found guilty;
172          (ii) the defendant enters a guilty plea;
173          (iii) the court sentences the defendant; or
174          (iv) if the case is appealed, the day on which the final appeal is resolved.
175          (e) (i) Except as otherwise provided by law and in Subsections (4)(e)(ii) and (4)(f), the
176     court shall order the forensic evaluator to destroy all records subject to the protective order
177     within the 180 day period described in Subsection (4)(d).
178          (ii) A forensic evaluator is not required to destroy the records subject to the protective
179     order if destroying the records is a violation of ethical standards to which the forensic evaluator
180     is subject for occupational licensing.
181          (f) The court may extend the protective order described in Subsection (4)(d) if:
182          (i) the court finds the defendant incompetent to proceed without a substantial
183     probability that the defendant will become competent in the foreseeable future;
184          (ii) the prosecutor or another individual indicates to the court that the prosecutor or
185     other individual will seek civil commitment of the defendant under Section 77-15-6; and
186          (iii) the court orders the records be maintained and used only for the purposes of
187     examining the defendant in connection with the petition for civil commitment.
188          [(d)] (g) An order for a competency evaluation may not contain an order for any other
189     inquiry into the mental state of the defendant that is not described in this Subsection (4).
190          [(4)] (5) Pending a competency evaluation, unless the court or the department directs
191     otherwise, the defendant shall be retained in the same custody or status that the defendant was
192     in at the time the examination was ordered.
193          [(5)] (6) In the conduct of a competency evaluation[, a progress toward competency
194     evaluation,] and in a report to the court, a forensic evaluator shall consider and address, in
195     addition to any other factors determined to be relevant by the forensic evaluator:
196          (a) (i) the impact of the defendant's mental illness or intellectual disability on the
197     defendant's present ability to:
198          [(i)] (A) rationally and factually understand the criminal proceedings against the
199     defendant; and
200          [(ii)] (B) consult with the defendant's legal counsel with a reasonable degree of rational
201     understanding in order to assist in the defense;
202          (b) in making the determinations described in Subsection (6)(a), the forensic evaluator
203     shall consider, as applicable:
204          (i) the defendant's present ability to:
205          [(iii)] (A) understand the charges or allegations against the defendant;
206          [(iv)] (B) communicate facts, events, and states of mind;
207          [(v)] (C) understand the range of possible penalties associated with the charges or
208     allegations against the defendant;
209          [(vi)] (D) engage in reasoned choice of legal strategies and options;
210          [(vii)] (E) understand the adversarial nature of the proceedings against the defendant;
211          [(viii)] (F) manifest behavior sufficient to allow the court to proceed; and
212          [(ix)] (G) testify relevantly, if applicable; and
213          [(b) the impact of the mental disorder or intellectual disability, if any, on the nature and
214     quality of the defendant's relationship with counsel;]
215          [(c) if psychoactive medication is currently being administered:]
216          [(i) whether the medication is necessary to maintain the defendant's competency; and]
217          [(ii) whether the medication may have an effect on the defendant's demeanor, affect,
218     and ability to participate in the proceedings; and]
219          [(d)] (c) whether the defendant is exhibiting false or exaggerated physical or
220     psychological symptoms relevant to the defendant's capacity to stand trial.
221          [(6)] (7) [If the forensic evaluator's opinion is] Upon a determination that the defendant
222     is incompetent to proceed, the forensic evaluator shall indicate in the report to the court:
223          (a) the factors that contribute to the defendant's incompetency, including the nature of
224     the defendant's mental [disorder or intellectual or developmental disability] illness or
225     intellectual disability, if any, and its relationship to the factors contributing to the defendant's
226     incompetency; [and]
227          (b) whether there is a substantial probability that:
228          (i) restoration treatment may[, in the foreseeable future,] bring the defendant to
229     competency to stand trial[, or that] in the foreseeable future; or
230          (ii) the defendant cannot become competent to stand trial in the foreseeable future[.];
231          (c) whether the defendant would benefit from restoration treatment; and
232          (d) if the forensic evaluator makes the determination under Subsection (7)(b)(i) or
233     (7)(c), an explanation of the reason for the determination and a summary of the treatment
234     provided to the defendant in the past.
235          [(7)] (8) (a) A forensic evaluator shall provide an initial report to the court and the
236     prosecuting and defense attorneys within 30 days of the receipt of the court's order. The report
237     shall inform the court of the examiner's opinion concerning the competency of the defendant to
238     stand trial.
239          (b) (i) If the forensic evaluator is unable to complete the report in the time specified in
240     Subsection [(7)(a)] (8)(a), the forensic evaluator shall give written notice to the court.
241          (ii) A forensic evaluator who provides the notice described in Subsection [(7)(b)(i)]
242     (8)(b)(i) shall receive a 15-day extension, giving the forensic evaluator a total of 45 days after
243     the day on which the forensic evaluator received the court's order to conduct a competency
244     evaluation and file a report.
245          (iii) The court may further extend the deadline for completion of the evaluation and
246     report if the court determines that there is good cause for the extension.
247          (iv) Upon receipt of an extension described in Subsection [(7)(b)(iii)] (8)(b)(iii), the
248     forensic evaluator shall file the report as soon as reasonably possible.
249          [(8)] (9) Any written report submitted by a forensic evaluator shall:
250          (a) identify the case ordered for evaluation by the case number;
251          (b) describe the procedures, techniques, and tests used in the examination and the
252     purpose or purposes for each, the time spent by the forensic evaluator with the defendant for
253     purposes of the examination, and the compensation to be paid to the evaluator for the report;
254          (c) state the forensic evaluator's clinical observations, findings, and opinions on each
255     [issue referred for examination by the court, and indicate specifically those issues, if any, on
256     which the forensic evaluator could not give an opinion] factor described in Subsection (6); and
257          (d) identify the sources of information used by the forensic evaluator and present the
258     basis for the forensic evaluator's clinical findings and opinions.
259          [(9)] (10) (a) Any statement made by the defendant in the course of any competency
260     examination, whether the examination is with or without the consent of the defendant, any
261     testimony by a forensic evaluator based upon the statement, and any other fruits of the
262     statement may not be admitted in evidence against the defendant in any criminal proceeding
263     except on an issue respecting mental condition on which the defendant has introduced
264     evidence[. The evidence may be admitted, however, where], unless the evidence is relevant to
265     a determination of the defendant's competency.
266          (b) Before examining the defendant, the forensic evaluator shall specifically advise the
267     defendant of the limits of confidentiality as provided under Subsection [(9)(a)] (10)(a).
268          [(10)] (11) (a) Upon receipt of the forensic evaluators' reports, the court shall set a date
269     for a competency hearing. The hearing shall be held not less than [5] five and not more than 15
270     days after the day on which the court received the forensic evaluators' reports, unless for good
271     cause the court sets a later date.
272          (b) Any person directed by the department to conduct the competency evaluation may
273     be subpoenaed to testify at the hearing.
274          (c) The court may call any forensic evaluator to testify at the hearing who is not called
275     by the parties. If the court calls a forensic evaluator, counsel for the parties may cross-examine
276     the forensic evaluator.
277          (d) (i) If the forensic evaluators are in conflict as to the competency of the defendant,
278     all forensic evaluators should be called to testify at the hearing if reasonably available.
279          (ii) A conflict in the opinions of the forensic evaluators does not require the
280     appointment of an additional forensic evaluator unless the court [determines the appointment to
281     be necessary] finds good cause for the appointment.
282          [(11)] (12) (a) (i) A defendant shall be presumed competent to stand trial unless the
283     court, by a preponderance of the evidence, finds the defendant incompetent to proceed.
284          (ii) The burden of proof is upon the proponent of incompetency at the hearing.
285          (b) An adjudication of incompetent to proceed does not operate as an adjudication of
286     incompetency to give informed consent for medical treatment or for any other purpose, unless
287     specifically set forth in the court order.
288          [(12)] (13) In determining the defendant's competency to stand trial, the court shall
289     consider the totality of the circumstances, which may include the testimony of lay witnesses,
290     [in addition to the forensic evaluator's report, testimony, and studies] the forensic evaluator's
291     testimony and report, the materials on which the report is based, and any other relevant
292     considerations.
293          [(13)] (14) If the court finds the defendant incompetent to proceed:
294          (a) the court shall issue the order described in Subsection 77-15-6(1), which shall:
295          (i) include findings addressing each of the factors in Subsection [(5)(a)] (6)(a);
296          (ii) include a transportation order, if necessary;
297          (iii) be accompanied by the forensic evaluators' reports, any psychiatric, psychological,
298     or social work reports submitted to the court relative to the mental condition of the defendant,
299     and any other documents made available to the court by either the defense or the prosecution,
300     pertaining to the defendant's current or past mental condition; and
301          (iv) be sent by the court to the department; and
302          (b) the prosecuting attorney shall provide to the department:
303          (i) the charging document and probable cause statement, if any;
304          (ii) arrest or incident reports prepared by law enforcement and pertaining to the
305     charged offense; and
306          (iii) additional supporting documents.
307          [(14)] (15) The court may make any reasonable order to ensure compliance with this
308     section.
309          [(15)] (16) Failure to comply with this section does not result in the dismissal of
310     criminal charges.
311          Section 4. Section 77-15-6 is amended to read:
312          77-15-6. Commitment on finding of incompetency to stand trial -- Subsequent
313     hearings -- Notice to prosecuting attorneys.
314          (1) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (5), if after a hearing a court finds a defendant
315     to be incompetent to proceed, the court shall order the defendant committed to the department
316     for restoration treatment.
317          (b) (i) [The] Except as provided in Subsection (1)(b)(ii), the court may recommend but
318     may not order placement of [the] a defendant who is found incompetent to proceed.
319          (ii) The court may[, however,] order that the defendant be placed in a secure setting
320     rather than a nonsecure setting.
321          (c) Following restoration screening, the department's designee shall designate and
322     inform the court of the specific placement and restoration treatment program for the defendant.
323          [(c)] (d) Restoration treatment shall be of sufficient scope and duration to:
324          (i) restore the [individual] defendant to competency; or
325          (ii) determine whether the [individual] defendant can be restored to competency in the
326     foreseeable future.
327          [(d)] (e) A defendant [whom] who a court determines is incompetent to proceed may
328     not be held for restoration treatment longer than:
329          (i) the time reasonably necessary to determine [whether there is a substantial
330     probability that the defendant will become competent to stand trial in the foreseeable future, or]
331     that the defendant cannot become competent to stand trial in the foreseeable future; and
332          (ii) the maximum period of incarceration that the defendant could receive if the
333     defendant were convicted of the most severe offense of the offenses charged.
334          (2) (a) A defendant who is receiving restoration treatment shall receive a progress
335     toward competency evaluation, by:
336          (i) a forensic evaluator, designated by the department; and
337          (ii) an additional forensic evaluator, if requested by a party and paid for by the
338     requesting party.
339          (b) A forensic evaluator shall complete a progress toward competency evaluation and
340     submit a report within 90 days after the day on which the forensic evaluator receives the
341     commitment order from the department. [If the forensic evaluator is unable to complete the
342     report within 90 days, the forensic evaluator shall provide to the court and counsel a summary
343     progress statement that informs the court that additional time is necessary to complete the
344     report, in which case the examiner shall have up to an additional 45 days to provide the full
345     report.]
346          (c) The report shall:
347          (i) assess whether the defendant is exhibiting false or exaggerated physical or
348     psychological symptoms;
349          (ii) describe any diagnostic instruments, methods, and observations used by the
350     [examiner] evaluator to make the determination;
351          (iii) describe the defendant's current mental illness or intellectual disability, if any;
352          [(iii)] (iv) state the forensic evaluator's opinion as to the effect of any false or
353     exaggerated symptoms on the defendant's competency to stand trial;
354          [(iv)] (v) assess the facility's or program's capacity to provide appropriate restoration
355     treatment for the defendant;
356          [(v)] (vi) assess the nature of restoration treatment provided to the defendant;
357          [(vi)] (vii) assess what progress the defendant has made toward competency
358     restoration, with respect to the factors identified by the court in its initial order;
359          (viii) assess whether the defendant can reasonably be restored to competency in the
360     foreseeable future given the restoration treatment currently being provided and the facility's or
361     program's capacity to provide appropriate restoration treatment for the defendant; and
362          [(vii) describe the defendant's current level of intellectual or developmental disability
363     and need for treatment, if any; and]
364          [(viii)] (ix) assess the likelihood of restoration to competency, the amount of time
365     estimated to achieve competency, or the amount of time estimated to determine whether
366     restoration to competency may be achieved.
367          (3) (a) The court on its own motion or upon motion by either party or the department
368     may appoint an additional forensic evaluator to conduct a progress toward competency
369     evaluation.
370          (b) If the court appoints an additional forensic evaluator upon motion of a party, that
371     party shall pay the costs of the additional forensic evaluator.
372          (4) (a) Within 15 days after the day on which the court receives the forensic evaluator's
373     report of the progress toward competency evaluation, the court shall hold a hearing to review
374     the defendant's competency.
375          (b) At the hearing, the burden of proving that the defendant is competent to stand trial
376     is on the proponent of competency.
377          (c) Following the hearing, the court shall determine by a preponderance of evidence
378     whether the defendant is:
379          [(a)] (i) competent to stand trial;
380          [(b)] (ii) incompetent to proceed, with a substantial probability that the defendant may
381     become competent in the foreseeable future; or
382          [(c)] (iii) incompetent to proceed, without a substantial probability that the defendant
383     may become competent in the foreseeable future.
384          (5) (a) If at any time the court determines that the defendant is competent to stand trial,
385     the court shall:
386          (i) proceed with the trial or other procedures as may be necessary to adjudicate the
387     charges; and
388          (ii) order that the defendant be returned to the placement and status that the defendant
389     was in at the time when the petition for the adjudication of competency was filed or raised by
390     the court, unless the court determines that [a different] placement of the defendant in a less
391     restrictive environment is more appropriate.
392          (b) If the court determines that the defendant is [not competent] incompetent to
393     proceed [but that there is] with a substantial probability that the defendant may become
394     competent in the foreseeable future, the court may order that the defendant remain committed
395     to the department or the department's designee for the purpose of restoration treatment.
396          (c) (i) If the court determines that the defendant is incompetent to proceed [and that
397     there is not] without a substantial probability that the defendant may become competent in the
398     foreseeable future, the court shall order the defendant released from commitment to the
399     department, unless the prosecutor or another individual informs the court that civil
400     commitment proceedings pursuant to Title 62A, Chapter 5, Services for People with
401     Disabilities, or Title 62A, Chapter 15, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Act, will be
402     initiated.
403          (ii) [These] The commitment proceedings must be initiated by a petition filed within
404     seven days after the day on which the court makes the determination described in Subsection
405     [(4)(c)] (4)(c)(iii), unless the court finds that there is good cause to delay the initiation of the
406     civil commitment proceedings.
407          (iii) The court may order the defendant to remain [in the commitment of] committed to
408     the department until the civil commitment proceedings conclude.
409          (iv) If the defendant is civilly committed and admitted to a secure setting, the
410     department shall [notify] provide notice to the court that adjudicated the defendant incompetent
411     to proceed and to the prosecution agency that prosecuted the case at least [10] 60 days before
412     any proposed release of the committed individual from the secure setting.
413          (6) If a court, under Subsection (5)(b), extends a defendant's commitment, the court
414     shall schedule a competency review hearing for the earlier of:
415          (a) the department's best estimate of when the defendant may be restored to
416     competency; or
417          (b) three months after the day on which the court determined under Subsection (5)(b)
418     to extend the defendant's commitment.
419          (7) [If] Unless the defendant is charged with a crime listed in Subsection (8), if a
420     defendant is [not competent] incompetent to proceed by the day of the competency review
421     hearing that follows the extension of a defendant's commitment, [a] the court shall:
422          (a) [except for a defendant charged with crimes listed in Subsection (8), order a
423     defendant] order the defendant be:
424          (i) released[; or (ii)] or temporarily detained pending civil commitment proceedings
425     [under the same terms] as described in Subsection (5)(c); and
426          [(b)] (ii) terminate the defendant's commitment to the department for restoration
427     treatment[.]; or
428          (b) if the forensic evaluator reports to the court that there is a substantial probability
429     that restoration treatment will bring the defendant to competency to stand trial in the
430     foreseeable future, extend the defendant's commitment for restoration treatment up to 45
431     additional days.
432          (8) If the defendant [has been] is charged with aggravated murder, murder, attempted
433     murder, manslaughter, or a first degree felony and the court determines that the defendant is
434     making reasonable progress towards restoration of competency at the time of the hearing held
435     pursuant to Subsection (6), the court may extend the commitment for a period not to exceed [9]
436     nine months for the purpose of restoration treatment, with a mandatory review hearing at the
437     end of the [9-month] nine-month period.
438          (9) [If at the 9-month] Unless the defendant is charged with aggravated murder or
439     murder, if, at the nine-month review hearing described in Subsection (8), the court determines
440     that the defendant is [not competent] incompetent to proceed, the court shall:
441          (a) (i) order the defendant[, except for a defendant charged with aggravated murder or
442     murder, to be:(i) released; or(ii)] be released or temporarily detained pending civil
443     commitment proceedings [under the same terms] as provided in Subsection (5)(c); and
444          [(b)] (ii) terminate the defendant's commitment to the department for restoration
445     treatment[.]; or
446          (b) if the forensic evaluator reports to the court that there is a substantial probability
447     that restoration treatment will bring the defendant to competency to stand trial in the
448     foreseeable future, extend the defendant's commitment for restoration treatment for up to 135
449     additional days.
450          (10) If the defendant [has been] is charged with aggravated murder or murder and the
451     court determines that the defendant is making reasonable progress towards restoration of
452     competency at the time of the [9-month] nine-month review hearing described in Subsection
453     (8), the court may extend the commitment for a period not to exceed 24 months for the purpose
454     of restoration treatment.
455          (11) If the court extends the defendant's commitment term under Subsection (10), the
456     court shall hold a hearing no less frequently than at 12-month intervals following the extension
457     for the purpose of determining the defendant's competency status.
458          (12) If, at the end of the 24-month commitment period described in Subsection (10),
459     the court determines that the defendant is [not competent] incompetent to proceed, the court
460     shall:
461          (a) (i) order the defendant [to be:(i) released; or (ii)] be released or temporarily
462     detained pending civil commitment proceedings [under the same terms] as provided in
463     Subsection (5)(c); and
464          [(b)] (ii) terminate the defendant's commitment to the department for restoration
465     treatment[.]; or
466          (b) if the forensic evaluator reports to the court that there is a substantial probability
467     that restoration treatment will bring the defendant to competency to stand trial in the
468     foreseeable future, extend the defendant's commitment for restoration treatment for up to 12
469     additional months.
470          (13) (a) Neither release from a pretrial incompetency commitment under the provisions
471     of this section nor civil commitment requires dismissal of criminal charges.
472          (b) The court may retain jurisdiction over the criminal case and may order periodic
473     reviews.
474          (14) A defendant who is civilly committed pursuant to Title 62A, Chapter 5, Services
475     for People with Disabilities, or Title 62A, Chapter 15, Substance Abuse and Mental Health
476     Act, may still be adjudicated competent to stand trial under this chapter.
477          (15) (a) The remedy for a violation of the time periods specified in this section, other
478     than those specified in Subsection (5)(c), (7), (9), or (12), shall be a motion to compel the
479     hearing, or mandamus, but not release from detention or dismissal of the criminal charges.
480          (b) The remedy for a violation of the time periods specified in Subsection (5)(c), (7),
481     (9), or (12), or is not dismissal of the criminal charges.
482          (16) In cases in which the treatment of the defendant is precluded by court order for a
483     period of time, that time period may not be considered in computing time limitations under this
484     section.
485          (17) (a) [At any time that] If, at any time, the defendant becomes competent to stand
486     trial while the defendant is committed to the department, the clinical director of the [hospital]
487     Utah State Hospital, the department, or the department's designee shall certify that fact to the
488     court.
489          (b) The court shall conduct a competency review hearing:
490          (i) within 15 working days after the day on which the court receives the certification
491     described in Subsection (17)(a); or
492          (ii) within 30 working days after the day on which the court receives the certification
493     described in Subsection (17)(a), if the court determines that more than 15 working days are
494     necessary for good cause related to the defendant's competency.
495          (18) The court may order a hearing [or rehearing] at any time on [its] the court's own
496     motion or upon recommendations of the clinical director of the [hospital] Utah State Hospital
497     or other facility or the department.
498          (19) Notice of a hearing on competency to stand trial shall be given to the prosecuting
499     attorney and all counsel of record. [If the hearing is held in the county where the defendant is
500     confined, notice shall also be given to the prosecuting attorney for that county.]