1     
PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM INMATE AMENDMENTS

2     
2023 GENERAL SESSION

3     
STATE OF UTAH

4     
Chief Sponsor: Candice B. Pierucci

5     
Senate Sponsor: ____________

6     

7     LONG TITLE
8     General Description:
9          This bill amends requirements relating to pregnant inmates.
10     Highlighted Provisions:
11          This bill:
12          ▸     defines terms;
13          ▸     codifies the existing prison nursery as the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program
14     (program);
15          ▸     establishes the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program Advisory Board (board);
16          ▸     provides that the Department of Health and Human Services shall, after consulting
17     with the board, make rules governing the program;
18          ▸     modifies requirements relating to the use of restraints on a pregnant inmate;
19          ▸     requires access to postpartum care and certain social services for an inmate who has
20     recently given birth;
21          ▸     includes a sunset date; and
22          ▸     makes technical changes.
23     Money Appropriated in this Bill:
24          None
25     Other Special Clauses:
26          None
27     Utah Code Sections Affected:

28     AMENDS:
29          17-22-8, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2022, Chapter 123
30          63I-1-223, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2020, Chapters 154, 232
31          64-13-46, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2019, Chapter 385
32     ENACTS:
33          26B-1-401, Utah Code Annotated 1953
34          63I-1-264, Utah Code Annotated 1953
35          64-13-46.5, Utah Code Annotated 1953
36     

37     Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
38          Section 1. Section 17-22-8 is amended to read:
39          17-22-8. Care of prisoners -- Funding of services -- Private contractor.
40          (1) Except as provided in Subsection (5), a sheriff shall:
41          (a) receive each individual committed to jail by competent authority;
42          (b) provide each prisoner with necessary food, clothing, and bedding in the manner
43     prescribed by the county legislative body;
44          (c) provide each prisoner medical care when:
45          (i) the prisoner's symptoms evidence a serious disease or injury;
46          (ii) the prisoner's disease or injury is curable or may be substantially alleviated; and
47          (iii) the potential for harm to the person by reason of delay or the denial of medical
48     care would be substantial; and
49          (d) provide each prisoner, as part of the intake process, with the option of continuing
50     any of the following medically prescribed methods of contraception:
51          (i) an oral contraceptive;
52          (ii) an injectable contraceptive;
53          (iii) a patch;
54          (iv) a vaginal ring; or
55          (v) an intrauterine device, if the prisoner was prescribed the intrauterine device because
56     the prisoner experiences serious and persistent adverse effects when using the methods of
57     contraception described in Subsections (1)(d)(i) and (ii).
58          (2) A sheriff may provide the generic form of a contraceptive described in Subsection

59     (1)(d)(i) or (ii).
60          (3) A sheriff shall follow the provisions of Section 64-13-46 if a prisoner is pregnant
61     [and gives birth] or in postpartum recovery, including the reporting requirements in Subsection
62     64-13-45(2)(c).
63          (4) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (4)(b), the expense incurred in providing the
64     services required by this section to prisoners shall be paid from the county treasury, except as
65     provided in Section 17-22-10.
66          (b) The expense incurred in providing the services described in Subsection (1)(d) to
67     prisoners shall be paid by the Department of Health and Human Services.
68          (5) If the county executive contracts with a private contractor to provide the services
69     required by this section, the sheriff shall provide only those services required of the sheriff by
70     the contract between the county and the private contractor.
71          Section 2. Section 26B-1-401 is enacted to read:
72          26B-1-401. Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program Advisory Board -- Duties
73     -- Rulemaking.
74          (1) As used in this part:
75          (a) "Advisory board" means the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program Advisory
76     Board.
77          (b) "Incarcerated mother" means the same as that term is defined in Section
78     64-13-46.5.
79          (c) "Program" means the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program created under
80     Section 64-13-46.5.
81          (2) The Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program Advisory Board shall consist of the
82     following members:
83          (a) two individuals from the Department of Corrections, appointed by the executive
84     director of the Department of Corrections;
85          (b) one individual appointed by the Board of Pardons and Parole; and
86          (c) six individuals appointed by the executive director of the department, including:
87          (i) two individuals from the department with experience in child care licensing;
88          (ii) two pediatric healthcare providers;
89          (iii) one individual with expertise in early childhood development; and

90          (iv) one individual with experience advocating for incarcerated women.
91          (3) (a) Except as provided in (3)(b), a member of the advisory board shall be appointed
92     for a four-year term.
93          (b) A member that is appointed to complete an unexpired term may complete the
94     unexpired term and serve a subsequent four-year term.
95          (c) Appointments and reappointments may be staggered so that one-fourth of the
96     advisory board changes each year.
97          (d) The advisory board shall annually elect a chair and co-chair of the board from
98     among the members of the board to serve a two-year term.
99          (4) The advisory board shall meet at least bi-annually, or more frequently as
100     determined by the executive director, the chair, or three or more members of the advisory
101     board.
102          (5) A majority of the board constitutes a quorum and a vote of the majority of the
103     members present constitutes an action of the advisory board.
104          (6) A member of the advisory board may not receive compensation or benefits for the
105     member's service, but may receive per diem and travel expenses as allowed in:
106          (a) Section 63A-3-106;
107          (b) Section 63A-3-107; and
108          (c) rules made by the Division of Finance in accordance with Sections 63A-3-106 and
109     63A-3-107.
110          (7) The advisory board shall:
111          (a) review research regarding childhood development and best practices for infants
112     placed in a nursery located within a secure correctional environment;
113          (b) as part of the advisory board's review of research under Subsection (7)(a), study the
114     benefits of having a nursery for infants and incarcerated mothers located within a secure
115     correctional environment and the benefits of placing an infant or incarcerated mother in a
116     diversion program removed from a secure correctional environment;
117          (c) study the costs of implementing a diversion program for infants and incarcerated
118     mothers removed from a secure correctional environment;
119          (d) create a provisional plan for implementing a diversion program for infants and
120     incarcerated mothers removed from a secure correctional environment; and

121          (e) advise and make recommendations to the department regarding the rules and
122     policies the department shall establish under Subsection (10) for the Incarcerated Mothers and
123     Infants Program that address:
124          (i) the safety of the program for infants and incarcerated mothers;
125          (ii) the childhood development needs of the infants in the program;
126          (iii) the specific medical needs of the infants and incarcerated mothers in the program;
127          (iv) the appropriate needs of the incarcerated mothers in the program; and
128          (v) other requirements the advisory board deems necessary for the success and safety of
129     the program.
130          (8) The advisory board may, upon request from the Department of Corrections, extend
131     the age that qualifies an infant for the program under Subsection 64-13-46.5(2)(a) from 18
132     months old or younger to 24 months old or younger if:
133          (a) the extension is in the best interest of the infant; and
134          (b) without the extension the infant would be separated from the incarcerated mother
135     while the incarcerated mother remains in the correctional facility.
136          (9) On or before November 30, 2024, the advisory board shall provide a report of the
137     advisory board's research and study under Subsections (7)(a) through (d), including any
138     proposed legislation, to:
139          (a) the Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Interim Committee; and
140          (b) the Executive Offices and Criminal Justice Appropriations Subcommittee.
141          (10) The department, after receiving recommendations from the Incarcerated Mothers
142     and Infants Program Advisory Board under Subsection (7)(c), shall adopt rules, in accordance
143     with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act, that the Department of
144     Corrections shall follow in implementing the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program.
145          (11) The rules established under Subsection (10) shall require the program to:
146          (a) have materials needed for proper childhood development for infants in the program;
147          (b) meet basic safety requirements for the infants and incarcerated mothers in the
148     program; and
149          (c) meet any other requirements recommended by the advisory board that the
150     department deems necessary for the program.
151          (12) The department may make rules under Subsection (10) regarding corrective

152     action, including suspension or closure of the program, if the Department of Corrections fails
153     to comply with the rules established under this section.
154          Section 3. Section 63I-1-223 is amended to read:
155          63I-1-223. Repeal dates: Titles 23 through 23B.
156          (1) Section 23-14-2.5, which creates the Wildlife Board Nominating Committee, is
157     repealed July 1, 2023.
158          (2) Section 23-14-2.6, which creates regional advisory councils for the Wildlife Board,
159     is repealed July 1, 2023.
160          (3) Section 26B-1-401, regarding the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program
161     Advisory Board, is repealed July 1, 2026.
162          Section 4. Section 63I-1-264 is enacted to read:
163          63I-1-264. Repeal dates: Title 64.
164          Section 64-13-46.5, regarding the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program, is
165     repealed July 1, 2026.
166          Section 5. Section 64-13-46 is amended to read:
167          64-13-46. Pregnant inmates.
168          (1) As used in this section:
169          (a) "Postpartum recovery" means, as determined by the pregnant inmate's physician,
170     the period immediately following delivery, including the entire period the inmate is in the
171     hospital or health care facility after birth.
172          (b) "Restraints" means any physical restraint or mechanical device used to control the
173     movement of an inmate's body or limbs, including flex cuffs, soft restraints, shackles, or a
174     convex shield.
175          (c) (i) "Shackles" means metal restraints, including leg irons, belly chains, or a security
176     or tether chain.
177          (ii) "Shackles" does not include hard metal handcuffs.
178          [(1)] (2) [If] Subject to Subsections (3) and (4), if the staff of a correctional facility
179     knows or has reason to believe that an inmate is pregnant or is in postpartum recovery, the staff
180     shall, when restraining the inmate[, shall] at any time or location, use the least restrictive
181     restraints necessary to ensure the safety and security of the inmate and others. [This
182     requirement shall continue during postpartum recovery and any transport to or from a

183     correctional facility.]
184          [(2)] (3) [The staff of a correctional facility] A correctional staff member may not use
185     restraints on an inmate during the third trimester of pregnancy, labor [and], or childbirth unless
186     a correctional staff member makes an individualized determination that there are compelling
187     grounds to believe that the inmate presents:
188          (a) an immediate and serious risk of harm to [herself] the inmate, the inmate's infant,
189     medical staff, correctional staff, or the public; or
190          (b) a substantial risk of escape that cannot reasonably be reduced by the use of other
191     existing means.
192          [(3)] (4) Notwithstanding Subsection [(1) or (2)] (3), under no circumstances may
193     shackles, leg restraints, or waist restraints be used on an inmate during the third trimester of
194     pregnancy, labor [and], childbirth, or postpartum recovery [while in a medical facility].
195          [(4)] (5) Correctional staff present during labor or childbirth shall:
196          (a) be stationed in a location that offers the maximum privacy to the inmate, while
197     taking into consideration safety and security concerns; and
198          (b) be female, if practicable.
199          [(5)] (6) [If restraints are authorized under Subsection (1) or (2)] If a correctional staff
200     member authorizes restraints under Subsection (2) or (3), the correctional staff member shall
201     make a written record of the [decision] authorization and use of the restraints [shall be made]
202     that includes:
203          (a) an explanation of the grounds for the correctional staff member's [determination]
204     authorization on the use of restraints;
205          [(b) the circumstances that necessitated the use of restraints;]
206          [(c)] (b) the type of restraints that were used; and
207          [(d)] (c) the length of time the restraints were used.
208          [(6)] (7) The record [created] described in Subsection [(5)] (6):
209          (a) shall be retained by the correctional facility for five years;
210          (b) shall be available for public inspection with individually identifying information
211     redacted; and
212          (c) may not be considered a medical record under state or federal law.
213          (8) For a minimum of 48 hours after an inmate has given birth, a correctional facility

214     shall, if directed by the inmate's physician, allow the infant to remain with the inmate at the
215     health care facility.
216          (9) A correctional facility shall provide:
217          (a) an inmate who is pregnant, or who has given birth within the past six weeks, access
218     to a social worker to help the inmate:
219          (i) arrange childcare;
220          (ii) establish a reunification plan; and
221          (iii) establish a substance abuse treatment plan, if needed; and
222          (b) an inmate in postpartum recovery access to postpartum care for up to 12 weeks as
223     determined by the inmate's physician.
224          [(7) As used in this section:]
225          [(a) "Postpartum recovery" means, as determined by her physician, the period
226     immediately following delivery, including the entire period a woman is in the hospital or
227     medical facility after birth.]
228          [(b) "Restraints" means any physical restraint or mechanical device used to control the
229     movement of an inmate's body or limbs, including flex cuffs, soft restraints, shackles, or a
230     convex shield.]
231          [(c) "Shackles" means metal or iron restraints and includes hard metal handcuffs, leg
232     irons, belly chains, or a security or tether chain.]
233          Section 6. Section 64-13-46.5 is enacted to read:
234          64-13-46.5. Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program.
235          (1) As used in this section:
236          (a) "Incarcerated mother" means an inmate who gives birth after entering the
237     department's custody.
238          (b) "Program" means the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program created under this
239     section.
240          (c) "Violent felony" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-3-203.5.
241          (2) There is created within the department the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants
242     Program that shall:
243          (a) subject to Subsection (3), provide space for incarcerated mothers and infants 18
244     months old or younger in a facility managed by the department; and

245          (b) comply with the requirements established under Section 26B-1-401 by the
246     Department of Health and Human Services.
247          (3) The department may, in accordance with Subsection 26B-1-401(8), request
248     permission from the Incarcerated Mothers and Infants Program Advisory Board to provide
249     space in the program for an infant who is 24 months old or younger.
250          (4) The Department of Health and Human Services shall certify the program is in
251     compliance with the rules established under Section 26B-1-401 before the program begins
252     operations.
253          (5) On or before July 1, 2024, the department shall ensure that at least one
254     administrator of the program has experience or training in early childhood development.
255          (6) An incarcerated mother is not eligible for the program if the incarcerated mother
256     has been convicted of, or has charges pending for, a violent felony, including attempt,
257     solicitation, or conspiracy to commit the violent felony.
258          (7) The department may make rules, in accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah
259     Administrative Rulemaking Act, regarding the eligibility requirements for an incarcerated
260     mother to enter the program.