1     
MUNICIPAL LAND USE REGULATION MODIFICATIONS

2     
2024 GENERAL SESSION

3     
STATE OF UTAH

4     
Chief Sponsor: Stephen L. Whyte

5     
Senate Sponsor: Lincoln Fillmore

6     

7     LONG TITLE
8     General Description:
9          This bill modifies provisions relating to municipal land use regulation.
10     Highlighted Provisions:
11          This bill:
12          ▸     requires a municipality to accept and process a complete land use application under
13     specified conditions;
14          ▸     modifies provisions relating to development agreements;
15          ▸     modifies the limitation of a provision on building design elements;
16          ▸     authorizes a municipality to require a seller to notify a buyer of water wise
17     landscaping requirements;
18          ▸     enacts language relating to residential rear setback limitations;
19          ▸     modifies provisions relating to the review of subdivision applications and
20     subdivision improvement plans;
21          ▸     modifies a provision relating to the landscaping of residential lots or open space;
22          ▸     modifies provisions relating to the enforcement of municipal land use regulations;
23          ▸     provides an exception to the optional use of the Utah coordinate system; and
24          ▸     makes technical and conforming changes.
25     Money Appropriated in this Bill:
26          None
27     Other Special Clauses:

28          This bill provides a special effective date.
29     Utah Code Sections Affected:
30     AMENDS:
31          10-9a-509, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 478
32          10-9a-532, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 478
33          10-9a-534, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapters 160, 478
34          10-9a-536, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapters 139, 247
35          10-9a-604.2, as enacted by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 501
36          10-9a-604.5, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 478
37          10-9a-802, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2020, Chapter 434
38          38-9-102, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2023, Chapter 16
39          57-10-9, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2001, Chapter 62
40     ENACTS:
41          10-9a-538, Utah Code Annotated 1953
42     

43     Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
44          Section 1. Section 10-9a-509 is amended to read:
45          10-9a-509. Applicant's entitlement to land use application approval --
46     Municipality's requirements and limitations -- Vesting upon submission of development
47     plan and schedule.
48          (1) (a) (i) An applicant who has submitted a complete land use application as described
49     in Subsection (1)(c), including the payment of all application fees, is entitled to substantive
50     review of the application under the land use regulations:
51          (A) in effect on the date that the application is complete; and
52          (B) applicable to the application or to the information shown on the application.
53          (ii) An applicant is entitled to approval of a land use application if the application
54     conforms to the requirements of the applicable land use regulations, land use decisions, and
55     development standards in effect when the applicant submits a complete application and pays
56     application fees, unless:
57          (A) the land use authority, on the record, formally finds that a compelling,
58     countervailing public interest would be jeopardized by approving the application and specifies

59     the compelling, countervailing public interest in writing; or
60          (B) in the manner provided by local ordinance and before the applicant submits the
61     application, the municipality formally initiates proceedings to amend the municipality's land
62     use regulations in a manner that would prohibit approval of the application as submitted.
63          (b) The municipality shall process an application without regard to proceedings the
64     municipality initiated to amend the municipality's ordinances as described in Subsection
65     (1)(a)(ii)(B) if:
66          (i) 180 days have passed since the municipality initiated the proceedings; and
67          (ii) (A) the proceedings have not resulted in an enactment that prohibits approval of the
68     application as submitted; or
69          (B) during the 12 months prior to the municipality processing the application, or
70     multiple applications of the same type, are impaired or prohibited under the terms of a
71     temporary land use regulation adopted under Section 10-9a-504.
72          (c) A land use application is considered submitted and complete when the applicant
73     provides the application in a form that complies with the requirements of applicable ordinances
74     and pays all applicable fees.
75          (d) A subsequent incorporation of a municipality or a petition that proposes the
76     incorporation of a municipality does not affect a land use application approved by a county in
77     accordance with Section 17-27a-508.
78          (e) Unless a phasing sequence is required in an executed development agreement, a
79     municipality shall, without regard to any other separate and distinct land use application, accept
80     and process a complete land use application.
81          [(e)] (f) The continuing validity of an approval of a land use application is conditioned
82     upon the applicant proceeding after approval to implement the approval with reasonable
83     diligence.
84          [(f)] (g) A municipality may not impose on an applicant who has submitted a complete
85     application a requirement that is not expressed in:
86          (i) this chapter;
87          (ii) a municipal ordinance in effect on the date that the applicant submits a complete
88     application, subject to Subsection 10-9a-509(1)(a)(ii); or
89          (iii) a municipal specification for public improvements applicable to a subdivision or

90     development that is in effect on the date that the applicant submits an application.
91          [(g)] (h) A municipality may not impose on a holder of an issued land use permit or a
92     final, unexpired subdivision plat a requirement that is not expressed:
93          (i) in a land use permit;
94          (ii) on the subdivision plat;
95          (iii) in a document on which the land use permit or subdivision plat is based;
96          (iv) in the written record evidencing approval of the land use permit or subdivision
97     plat;
98          (v) in this chapter;
99          (vi) in a municipal ordinance; or
100          (vii) in a municipal specification for residential roadways in effect at the time a
101     residential subdivision was approved.
102          [(h)] (i) Except as provided in Subsection (1)(i), a municipality may not withhold
103     issuance of a certificate of occupancy or acceptance of subdivision improvements because of an
104     applicant's failure to comply with a requirement that is not expressed:
105          (i) in the building permit or subdivision plat, documents on which the building permit
106     or subdivision plat is based, or the written record evidencing approval of the land use permit or
107     subdivision plat; or
108          (ii) in this chapter or the municipality's ordinances.
109          [(i)] (j) A municipality may not unreasonably withhold issuance of a certificate of
110     occupancy where an applicant has met all requirements essential for the public health, public
111     safety, and general welfare of the occupants, in accordance with this chapter, unless:
112          (i) the applicant and the municipality have agreed in a written document to the
113     withholding of a certificate of occupancy; or
114          (ii) the applicant has not provided a financial assurance for required and uncompleted
115     public landscaping improvements or infrastructure improvements in accordance with an
116     applicable ordinance that the legislative body adopts under this chapter.
117          (2) A municipality is bound by the terms and standards of applicable land use
118     regulations and shall comply with mandatory provisions of those regulations.
119          (3) A municipality may not, as a condition of land use application approval, require a
120     person filing a land use application to obtain documentation regarding a school district's

121     willingness, capacity, or ability to serve the development proposed in the land use application.
122          (4) Upon a specified public agency's submission of a development plan and schedule as
123     required in Subsection 10-9a-305(8) that complies with the requirements of that subsection, the
124     specified public agency vests in the municipality's applicable land use maps, zoning map,
125     hookup fees, impact fees, other applicable development fees, and land use regulations in effect
126     on the date of submission.
127          (5) (a) If sponsors of a referendum timely challenge a project in accordance with
128     Subsection 20A-7-601(6), the project's affected owner may rescind the project's land use
129     approval by delivering a written notice:
130          (i) to the local clerk as defined in Section 20A-7-101; and
131          (ii) no later than seven days after the day on which a petition for a referendum is
132     determined sufficient under Subsection 20A-7-607(5).
133          (b) Upon delivery of a written notice described in Subsection (5)(a) the following are
134     rescinded and are of no further force or effect:
135          (i) the relevant land use approval; and
136          (ii) any land use regulation enacted specifically in relation to the land use approval.
137          Section 2. Section 10-9a-532 is amended to read:
138          10-9a-532. Development agreements.
139          (1) Subject to Subsection (2), a municipality may enter into a development agreement
140     containing any term that the municipality considers necessary or appropriate to accomplish the
141     purposes of this chapter, including a term relating to:
142          (a) a master planned development;
143          (b) a planned unit development;
144          (c) an annexation;
145          (d) affordable or moderate income housing with development incentives;
146          (e) a public private partnership; or
147          (f) a density transfer or bonus within a development project or between development
148     projects.
149          (2) (a) A development agreement may not:
150          (i) limit a municipality's authority in the future to:
151          (A) enact a land use regulation; or

152          (B) take any action allowed under Section 10-8-84;
153          (ii) require a municipality to change the zoning designation of an area of land within
154     the municipality in the future; or
155          (iii) allow a use or development of land that applicable land use regulations governing
156     the area subject to the development agreement would otherwise prohibit, unless the legislative
157     body approves the development agreement in accordance with the same procedures for
158     enacting a land use regulation under Section 10-9a-502, including a review and
159     recommendation from the planning commission and a public hearing.
160          (b) A development agreement that requires the implementation of an existing land use
161     regulation as an administrative act does not require a legislative body's approval under Section
162     10-9a-502.
163          [(c) (i) If a development agreement restricts an applicant's rights under clearly
164     established state law, the municipality shall disclose in writing to the applicant the rights of the
165     applicant the development agreement restricts.]
166          [(ii) A municipality's failure to disclose in accordance with Subsection (2)(c)(i) voids
167     any provision in the development agreement pertaining to the undisclosed rights.]
168          [(d) A municipality may not require a development agreement as a condition for
169     developing land if the municipality's land use regulations establish all applicable standards for
170     development on the land.]
171          (c) A municipality may require a development agreement for developing land within
172     the municipality if the development otherwise complies with applicable municipal ordinances.
173          (d) Subject to Subsection (2)(e), a municipality may require a development agreement
174     for developing land within the municipality if the applicant has applied for legislative or
175     discretionary approval, including an approval relating to:
176          (i) the height of a structure;
177          (ii) a parking or setback exception;
178          (iii) a density transfer or bonus;
179          (iv) a development incentive;
180          (v) a zoning amendment; or
181          (vi) an amendment to a prior development agreement.
182          (e) A municipality may not require a development agreement:

183          (i) as a condition for developing land with an allowed or permitted use; or
184          (ii) if the municipality's land use regulations otherwise establish all applicable
185     standards for development on the land.
186          (f) A municipality may submit to a county recorder's office for recording:
187          (i) a fully executed agreement; or
188          (ii) a document related to:
189          (A) code enforcement;
190          (B) a special assessment area; or
191          (C) a local historic district boundary.
192          (g) Subject to Subsection (2)(f)(i), a municipality may not cause to be recorded against
193     private real property a document that imposes development requirements, development
194     regulations, or development controls on the property.
195          [(e)] (h) To the extent that a development agreement does not specifically address a
196     matter or concern related to land use or development, the matter or concern is governed by:
197          (i) this chapter; and
198          (ii) any applicable land use regulations.
199          Section 3. Section 10-9a-534 is amended to read:
200          10-9a-534. Regulation of building design elements prohibited -- Exceptions.
201          (1) As used in this section, "building design element" means:
202          (a) exterior color;
203          (b) type or style of exterior cladding material;
204          (c) style, dimensions, or materials of a roof structure, roof pitch, or porch;
205          (d) exterior nonstructural architectural ornamentation;
206          (e) location, design, placement, or architectural styling of a window or door;
207          (f) location, design, placement, or architectural styling of a garage door, not including a
208     rear-loading garage door;
209          (g) number or type of rooms;
210          (h) interior layout of a room;
211          (i) minimum square footage over 1,000 square feet, not including a garage;
212          (j) rear yard landscaping requirements;
213          (k) minimum building dimensions; or

214          (l) a requirement to install front yard fencing.
215          (2) Except as provided in Subsection (3), a municipality may not impose a requirement
216     for a building design element on a one- or two-family dwelling.
217          (3) Subsection (2) does not apply to:
218          (a) a dwelling located within an area designated as a historic district in:
219          (i) the National Register of Historic Places;
220          (ii) the state register as defined in Section 9-8a-402; or
221          (iii) a local historic district or area, or a site designated as a local landmark, created by
222     ordinance before January 1, 2021, except as provided under Subsection (3)(b);
223          (b) an ordinance enacted as a condition for participation in the National Flood
224     Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
225          (c) an ordinance enacted to implement the requirements of the Utah Wildland Urban
226     Interface Code adopted under Section 15A-2-103;
227          (d) building design elements agreed to under a development agreement;
228          (e) a dwelling located within an area that:
229          (i) is zoned primarily for residential use; and
230          (ii) was substantially developed before calendar year 1950;
231          (f) an ordinance enacted to implement water efficient landscaping in a rear yard;
232          (g) an ordinance enacted to regulate type of cladding, in response to findings or
233     evidence from the construction industry of:
234          (i) defects in the material of existing cladding; or
235          (ii) consistent defects in the installation of existing cladding; [or]
236          (h) a land use regulation, including a planned unit development or overlay zone, that a
237     property owner requests:
238          (i) the municipality to apply to the owner's property; and
239          (ii) in exchange for an increase in density or other benefit not otherwise available as a
240     permitted use in the zoning area or district[.]; or
241          (i) an ordinance enacted to mitigate the impacts of an accidental explosion:
242          (i) in excess of 20,000 pounds of trinitrotoluene equivalent;
243          (ii) that would create overpressure waves equal to or greater than .2 pounds per square
244     inch; and

245          (iii) that would pose a risk of damage to a window, garage, door, or carport of a
246     structure within the area covered by the ordinance.
247          Section 4. Section 10-9a-536 is amended to read:
248          10-9a-536. Water wise landscaping.
249          (1) As used in this section:
250          (a) "Lawn or turf" means nonagricultural land planted in closely mowed, managed
251     grasses.
252          (b) "Mulch" means material such as rock, bark, wood chips, or other materials left
253     loose and applied to the soil.
254          (c) "Overhead spray irrigation" means above ground irrigation heads that spray water
255     through a nozzle.
256          (d) (i) "Vegetative coverage" means the ground level surface area covered by the
257     exposed leaf area of a plant or group of plants at full maturity.
258          (ii) "Vegetative coverage" does not mean the ground level surface area covered by the
259     exposed leaf area of a tree or trees.
260          (e) "Water wise landscaping" means any or all of the following:
261          (i) installation of plant materials suited to the microclimate and soil conditions that
262     can:
263          (A) remain healthy with minimal irrigation once established; or
264          (B) be maintained without the use of overhead spray irrigation;
265          (ii) use of water for outdoor irrigation through proper and efficient irrigation design
266     and water application; or
267          (iii) use of other landscape design features that:
268          (A) minimize the need of the landscape for supplemental water from irrigation; or
269          (B) reduce the landscape area dedicated to lawn or turf.
270          (2) A municipality may not enact or enforce an ordinance, resolution, or policy that
271     prohibits, or has the effect of prohibiting, a property owner from incorporating water wise
272     landscaping on the property owner's property.
273          (3) (a) Subject to Subsection (3)(b), Subsection (2) does not prohibit a municipality
274     from requiring a property owner to:
275          (i) comply with a site plan review or other review process before installing water wise

276     landscaping;
277          (ii) maintain plant material in a healthy condition; and
278          (iii) follow specific water wise landscaping design requirements adopted by the
279     municipality, including a requirement that:
280          (A) restricts or clarifies the use of mulches considered detrimental to municipal
281     operations;
282          (B) imposes minimum or maximum vegetative coverage standards; or
283          (C) restricts or prohibits the use of specific plant materials.
284          (b) A municipality may not require a property owner to install or keep in place lawn or
285     turf in an area with a width less than eight feet.
286          (4) A municipality may require a seller of a newly constructed residence to inform the
287     first buyer of the newly constructed residence of a municipal ordinance requiring water wise
288     landscaping.
289          [(4)] (5) A municipality shall report to the Division of Water Resources the existence,
290     enactment, or modification of an ordinance, resolution, or policy that implements
291     regional-based water use efficiency standards established by the Division of Water Resources
292     by rule under Section 73-10-37.
293          Section 5. Section 10-9a-538 is enacted to read:
294          10-9a-538. Residential rear setback limitations.
295          (1) As used in this section:
296          (a) "Allowable feature" means:
297          (i) a landing or walkout porch that:
298          (A) is no more than 32 square feet in size; and
299          (B) is used for ingress to and egress from the rear of the residential dwelling; or
300          (ii) a window well.
301          (b) "Landing" means an uncovered, above-ground platform, with or without stairs,
302     connected to the rear of a residential dwelling.
303          (c) "Setback" means the required distance between the property line of a lot or parcel
304     and the location where a structure is allowed to be placed under an adopted land use regulation.
305          (d) "Walkout porch" means an uncovered platform that is on the ground and connected
306     to the rear of a residential dwelling.

307          (e) "Window well" means a recess in the ground around a residential dwelling to allow
308     for ingress and egress through a window installed in a basement that is fully or partially below
309     ground.
310          (2) A municipality may not enact or enforce an ordinance, resolution, or policy that
311     prohibits or has the effect of prohibiting an allowable feature within the rear setback of a
312     residential building lot or parcel.
313          (3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a historic district within the municipality.
314          Section 6. Section 10-9a-604.2 is amended to read:
315          10-9a-604.2. Review of subdivision applications and subdivision improvement
316     plans.
317          (1) As used in this section:
318          (a) "Review cycle" means the occurrence of:
319          (i) the applicant's submittal of a complete subdivision [land use] application;
320          (ii) the municipality's review of that subdivision [land use] application;
321          (iii) the municipality's response to that subdivision [land use] application, in
322     accordance with this section; and
323          (iv) the applicant's reply to the municipality's response that addresses each of the
324     municipality's required modifications or requests for additional information.
325          (b) "Subdivision application" means a land use application for the subdivision of land.
326          [(b)] (c) "Subdivision improvement plans" means the civil engineering plans associated
327     with required infrastructure improvements and municipally controlled utilities required for a
328     subdivision.
329          [(c)] (d) "Subdivision ordinance review" means review by a municipality to verify that
330     a subdivision [land use] application meets the criteria of the municipality's [subdivision]
331     ordinances.
332          [(d)] (e) "Subdivision plan review" means a review of the applicant's subdivision
333     improvement plans and other aspects of the subdivision [land use] application to verify that the
334     application complies with municipal ordinances and applicable installation standards and
335     inspection specifications for infrastructure improvements.
336          (2) The review cycle restrictions and requirements of this section do not apply to the
337     review of subdivision applications affecting property within identified geological hazard areas.

338          (3) (a) A municipality may require a subdivision improvement plan to be submitted
339     with a subdivision application.
340          (b) A municipality may not require a subdivision improvement plan to be submitted
341     with both a preliminary subdivision application and a final subdivision application.
342          (4) (a) The review cycle requirements of this section apply:
343          (i) to the review of a preliminary subdivision application, if the municipality requires a
344     subdivision improvement plan to be submitted with a preliminary subdivision application; or
345          (ii) to the review of a final subdivision application, if the municipality requires a
346     subdivision improvement plan to be submitted with a final subdivision application.
347          (b) A municipality may not, outside the review cycle, engage in a substantive review of
348     required infrastructure improvements or a municipally controlled utility.
349          [(3)] (5) [(a) No later than 15 business days after the day on which an applicant submits
350     a complete preliminary subdivision land use application for a residential subdivision for
351     single-family dwellings, two-family dwellings, or townhomes, the municipality shall complete
352     the initial review of the application, including subdivision improvement plans.]
353          [(b)] (a) A municipality shall complete the initial review of a complete subdivision
354     application submitted for ordinance review for a residential subdivision for single-family
355     dwellings, two-family dwellings, or town homes:
356          (i) no later than 15 business days after the complete subdivision application is
357     submitted, if the municipality has a population over 5,000; or
358          (ii) no later than 30 business days after the complete subdivision application is
359     submitted, if the municipality has a population of 5,000 or less.
360          (b) A municipality shall maintain and publish a list of the items comprising the
361     complete [preliminary] subdivision [land use] application, including:
362          (i) the application;
363          (ii) the owner's affidavit;
364          (iii) an electronic copy of all plans in PDF format;
365          (iv) the preliminary subdivision plat drawings; and
366          (v) a breakdown of fees due upon approval of the application.
367          [(4) (a) A municipality shall publish a list of the items that comprise a complete final
368     subdivision land use application.]

369          [(b) No later than 20 business days after the day on which an applicant submits a plat,
370     the municipality shall complete a review of the applicant's final subdivision land use
371     application for a residential subdivision for single-family dwellings, two-family dwellings, or
372     townhomes, including all subdivision plan reviews.]
373          (6) A municipality shall complete a subdivision plan review of a subdivision
374     improvement plan that is submitted with a complete subdivision application for a residential
375     subdivision for single-family dwellings, two-family dwellings, or town homes:
376          (a) within 20 business days after the complete subdivision application is submitted, if
377     the municipality has a population over 5,000; or
378          (b) within 40 business days after the complete subdivision application is submitted, if
379     the municipality has a population of 5,000 or less.
380          [(5)] (7) (a) In reviewing a subdivision [land use] application, a municipality may
381     require:
382          (i) additional information relating to an applicant's plans to ensure compliance with
383     municipal ordinances and approved standards and specifications for construction of public
384     improvements; and
385          (ii) modifications to plans that do not meet current ordinances, applicable standards or
386     specifications, or do not contain complete information.
387          (b) A municipality's request for additional information or modifications to plans under
388     Subsection [(5)(a)(i)] (7)(a)(i) or (ii) shall be specific and include citations to ordinances,
389     standards, or specifications that require the modifications to subdivision plans, and shall be
390     logged in an index of requested modifications or additions.
391          (c) A municipality may not require more than four review cycles for a subdivision plan
392     review.
393          (d) (i) Subject to Subsection [(5)(d)(ii)] (7)(a)(ii), unless the change or correction is
394     necessitated by the applicant's adjustment to a subdivision plan [set] or an update to a phasing
395     plan that adjusts the infrastructure needed for the specific development, a change or correction
396     not addressed or referenced in a municipality's subdivision plan review is waived.
397          (ii) A modification or correction necessary to protect public health and safety or to
398     enforce state or federal law may not be waived.
399          (iii) If an applicant makes a material change to a subdivision plan [set], the

400     municipality has the discretion to restart the review process at the first review of the [final
401     application] subdivision plan review, but only with respect to the portion of the subdivision
402     plan [set] that the material change substantively effects.
403          (e) (i) [If] This Subsection (7)(e) applies if an applicant does not submit a revised
404     subdivision plan within:
405          (A) 20 business days after the municipality requires a modification or correction, [the
406     municipality shall have an additional 20 business days to respond to the plans] if the
407     municipality has a population over 5,000; or
408          (B) 40 business days after the municipality requires a modification or correction, if the
409     municipality has a population of 5,000 or less.
410          (ii) If an applicant does not submit a revised subdivision plan within the time specified
411     in Subsection (7)(e)(i), a municipality has an additional 20 business days after the time
412     specified in Subsection (6) to respond to a revised subdivision plan.
413          [(6)] (8) After the applicant has responded to the final review cycle, and the applicant
414     has complied with each modification requested in the municipality's previous review cycle, the
415     municipality may not require additional revisions if the applicant has not materially changed
416     the plan, other than changes that were in response to requested modifications or corrections.
417          [(7)] (9) (a) In addition to revised plans, an applicant shall provide a written
418     explanation in response to the municipality's review comments, identifying and explaining the
419     applicant's revisions and reasons for declining to make revisions, if any.
420          (b) The applicant's written explanation shall be comprehensive and specific, including
421     citations to applicable standards and ordinances for the design and an index of requested
422     revisions or additions for each required correction.
423          (c) If an applicant fails to address a review comment in the response, the review cycle
424     is not complete and the subsequent review cycle may not begin until all comments are
425     addressed.
426          [(8)] (10) (a) If, on the fourth or final review, a municipality fails to respond within 20
427     business days, the municipality shall, upon request of the property owner, and within 10
428     business days after the day on which the request is received:
429          (i) for a dispute arising from the subdivision improvement plans, assemble an appeal
430     panel in accordance with Subsection 10-9a-508(5)(d) to review and approve or deny the final

431     revised set of plans; or
432          (ii) for a dispute arising from the subdivision ordinance review, advise the applicant, in
433     writing, of the deficiency in the application and of the right to appeal the determination to a
434     designated appeal authority.
435          Section 7. Section 10-9a-604.5 is amended to read:
436          10-9a-604.5. Subdivision plat recording or development activity before required
437     landscaping or infrastructure is completed -- Improvement completion assurance --
438     Improvement warranty.
439          (1) As used in this section, "public landscaping improvement" means landscaping that
440     an applicant is required to install to comply with published installation and inspection
441     specifications for public improvements that:
442          (a) will be dedicated to and maintained by the municipality; or
443          (b) are associated with and proximate to trail improvements that connect to planned or
444     existing public infrastructure.
445          (2) A land use authority shall establish objective inspection standards for acceptance of
446     a public landscaping improvement or infrastructure improvement that the land use authority
447     requires.
448          (3) (a) Before an applicant conducts any development activity or records a plat, the
449     applicant shall:
450          (i) complete any required public landscaping improvements or infrastructure
451     improvements; or
452          (ii) post an improvement completion assurance for any required public landscaping
453     improvements or infrastructure improvements.
454          (b) If an applicant elects to post an improvement completion assurance, the applicant
455     shall provide completion assurance for:
456          (i) completion of 100% of the required public landscaping improvements or
457     infrastructure improvements; or
458          (ii) if the municipality has inspected and accepted a portion of the public landscaping
459     improvements or infrastructure improvements, 100% of the incomplete or unaccepted public
460     landscaping improvements or infrastructure improvements.
461          (c) A municipality shall:

462          (i) establish a minimum of two acceptable forms of completion assurance;
463          (ii) if an applicant elects to post an improvement completion assurance, allow the
464     applicant to post an assurance that meets the conditions of this title, and any local ordinances;
465          (iii) establish a system for the partial release of an improvement completion assurance
466     as portions of required public landscaping improvements or infrastructure improvements are
467     completed and accepted in accordance with local ordinance; and
468          (iv) issue or deny a building permit in accordance with Section 10-9a-802 based on the
469     installation of public landscaping improvements or infrastructure improvements.
470          (d) A municipality may not require an applicant to post an improvement completion
471     assurance for:
472          (i) public landscaping improvements or an infrastructure improvement that the
473     municipality has previously inspected and accepted;
474          (ii) infrastructure improvements that are private and not essential or required to meet
475     the building code, fire code, flood or storm water management provisions, street and access
476     requirements, or other essential necessary public safety improvements adopted in a land use
477     regulation;
478          (iii) in a municipality where ordinances require all infrastructure improvements within
479     the area to be private, infrastructure improvements within a development that the municipality
480     requires to be private; or
481          (iv) landscaping improvements that are not public landscaping improvements[, as
482     defined in Section 10-9a-103], unless the landscaping improvements and completion assurance
483     are required under the terms of a development agreement.
484          (4) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (4)(c), as a condition for increased density or
485     other entitlement benefit not currently available under the existing zone, a municipality may
486     require a completion assurance bond for landscaped amenities and common area that are
487     dedicated to and maintained by a homeowners association.
488          (b) Any agreement regarding a completion assurance bond under Subsection (4)(a)
489     between the applicant and the municipality shall be memorialized in a development agreement.
490          (c) A municipality may not require a completion assurance bond for or dictate who
491     installs or is responsible for the cost of the landscaping of residential lots or the equivalent
492     open space surrounding single-family attached homes, whether platted as lots or common area.

493          (5) The sum of the improvement completion assurance required under Subsections (3)
494     and (4) may not exceed the sum of:
495          (a) 100% of the estimated cost of the public landscaping improvements or
496     infrastructure improvements, as evidenced by an engineer's estimate or licensed contractor's
497     bid; and
498          (b) 10% of the amount of the bond to cover administrative costs incurred by the
499     municipality to complete the improvements, if necessary.
500          (6) At any time before a municipality accepts a public landscaping improvement or
501     infrastructure improvement, and for the duration of each improvement warranty period, the
502     municipality may require the applicant to:
503          (a) execute an improvement warranty for the improvement warranty period; and
504          (b) post a cash deposit, surety bond, letter of credit, or other similar security, as
505     required by the municipality, in the amount of up to 10% of the lesser of the:
506          (i) municipal engineer's original estimated cost of completion; or
507          (ii) applicant's reasonable proven cost of completion.
508          (7) When a municipality accepts an improvement completion assurance for public
509     landscaping improvements or infrastructure improvements for a development in accordance
510     with Subsection (3)(c)(ii), the municipality may not deny an applicant a building permit if the
511     development meets the requirements for the issuance of a building permit under the building
512     code and fire code.
513          (8) The provisions of this section do not supersede the terms of a valid development
514     agreement, an adopted phasing plan, or the state construction code.
515          Section 8. Section 10-9a-802 is amended to read:
516          10-9a-802. Enforcement.
517          (1) (a) A municipality or an adversely affected party may, in addition to other remedies
518     provided by law, institute:
519          (i) injunctions, mandamus, abatement, or any other appropriate actions; or
520          (ii) proceedings to prevent, enjoin, abate, or remove the unlawful building, use, or act.
521          (b) A municipality need only establish the violation to obtain the injunction.
522          (2) (a) [A] Except as provided in Subsections (3) and (4), a municipality may enforce
523     the municipality's ordinance by withholding a building permit.

524          (b) It is an infraction to erect, construct, reconstruct, alter, or change the use of any
525     building or other structure within a municipality without approval of a building permit.
526          (c) A municipality may not issue a building permit unless the plans of and for the
527     proposed erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration, or use fully conform to all
528     regulations then in effect.
529          (d) A municipality may not deny an applicant a building permit or certificate of
530     occupancy because the applicant has not completed an infrastructure improvement:
531          (i) that is not essential to meet the requirements for the issuance of a building permit or
532     certificate of occupancy under the building code and fire code; and
533          (ii) for which the municipality has accepted an improvement completion assurance for
534     a public landscaping improvement, as defined in Section 10-9a-604.5, or an infrastructure
535     [improvements] improvement for the development.
536          (3) A municipality may not deny an applicant a building permit or certificate of
537     occupancy based on the lack of completion of a landscaping improvement that is not a public
538     landscaping improvement, as defined in Section 10-9a-604.5.
539          (4) A municipality may not withhold a building permit based on the lack of completion
540     of a portion of a public sidewalk to be constructed within a public right-of-way serving a lot
541     where a single-family or two-family residence or town home is proposed in a building permit
542     application if an improvement completion assurance has been posted for the incomplete portion
543     of the public sidewalk.
544          (5) A municipality may not prohibit the construction of a single-family or two-family
545     residence or town home, withhold recording a plat, or withhold acceptance of a public
546     landscaping improvement, as defined in Section 10-9a-604.5, or an infrastructure improvement
547     based on the lack of installation of a public sidewalk if an improvement completion assurance
548     has been posted for the public sidewalk.
549          (6) A municipality may not redeem an improvement completion assurance securing the
550     installation of a public sidewalk sooner than 18 months after the date the improvement
551     completion assurance is posted.
552          (7) A municipality shall allow an applicant to post an improvement completion
553     assurance for a public sidewalk separate from an improvement completion assurance for:
554          (a) another infrastructure improvement; or

555          (b) a public landscaping improvement, as defined in Section 10-9a-604.5.
556          (8) A municipality may withhold a certificate of occupancy for a single-family or
557     two-family residence or town home until the portion of the public sidewalk to be constructed
558     within a public right-of-way and serving the single-family or two-family residence or town
559     home is completed and accepted by the municipality.
560          Section 9. Section 38-9-102 is amended to read:
561          38-9-102. Definitions.
562          As used in this chapter:
563          (1) "Affected person" means:
564          (a) a person who is a record interest holder of the real property that is the subject of a
565     recorded nonconsensual common law document; or
566          (b) the person against whom a recorded nonconsensual common law document
567     purports to reflect or establish a claim or obligation.
568          (2) "Document sponsor" means a person who, personally or through a designee, signs
569     or submits for recording a document that is, or is alleged to be, a nonconsensual common law
570     document.
571          (3) "Interest holder" means a person who holds or possesses a present, lawful property
572     interest in certain real property, including an owner, title holder, mortgagee, trustee, or
573     beneficial owner.
574          (4) "Lien claimant" means a person claiming an interest in real property who offers a
575     document for recording or filing with any county recorder in the state asserting a lien, or notice
576     of interest, or other claim of interest in certain real property.
577          (5) "Nonconsensual common law document" means a document that is submitted to a
578     county recorder's office for recording against public official property that:
579          (a) purports to create a lien or encumbrance on or a notice of interest in the real
580     property;
581          (b) at the time the document is recorded, is not:
582          (i) expressly authorized by this chapter or a state or federal statute;
583          (ii) authorized by or contained in an order or judgment of a court of competent
584     jurisdiction; or
585          (iii) signed by or expressly authorized by a document signed by the owner of the real

586     property; and
587          (c) is submitted in relation to the public official's status or capacity as a public official.
588          (6) "Owner" means a person who has a vested ownership interest in real property.
589          (7) "Political subdivision" means a county, city, town, school district, special
590     improvement or taxing district, special district, special service district, or other governmental
591     subdivision or public corporation.
592          (8) "Public official" means:
593          (a) a current or former:
594          (i) member of the Legislature;
595          (ii) member of Congress;
596          (iii) judge;
597          (iv) member of law enforcement;
598          (v) corrections officer;
599          (vi) active member of the Utah State Bar; or
600          (vii) member of the Board of Pardons and Parole;
601          (b) an individual currently or previously appointed or elected to an elected position in:
602          (i) the executive branch of state or federal government; or
603          (ii) a political subdivision;
604          (c) an individual currently or previously appointed to or employed in a position in a
605     political subdivision, or state or federal government that:
606          (i) is a policymaking position; or
607          (ii) involves:
608          (A) purchasing or contracting decisions;
609          (B) drafting legislation or making rules;
610          (C) determining rates or fees; or
611          (D) making adjudicative decisions; or
612          (d) an immediate family member of a person described in Subsections (8)(a) through
613     (c).
614          (9) "Public official property" means real property that has at least one record interest
615     holder who is a public official.
616          (10) (a) "Record interest holder" means a person who holds or possesses a present,

617     lawful property interest in real property, including an owner, titleholder, mortgagee, trustee, or
618     beneficial owner, and whose name and interest in that real property appears in the county
619     recorder's records for the county in which the property is located.
620          (b) "Record interest holder" includes any grantor in the chain of the title in real
621     property.
622          (11) "Record owner" means an owner whose name and ownership interest in certain
623     real property is recorded or filed in the county recorder's records for the county in which the
624     property is located.
625          (12) (a) "Wrongful lien" means any document that purports to create a lien, notice of
626     interest, or encumbrance on an owner's interest in certain real property and at the time it is
627     recorded is not:
628          [(a)] (i) expressly authorized by this chapter or another state or federal statute;
629          [(b)] (ii) authorized by or contained in an order or judgment of a court of competent
630     jurisdiction in the state; or
631          [(c)] (iii) signed by or authorized pursuant to a document signed by the owner of the
632     real property.
633          (b) "Wrongful lien" includes a document recorded in violation of Subsection
634     10-9a-532(2)(d).
635          Section 10. Section 57-10-9 is amended to read:
636          57-10-9. Use of coordinate system optional.
637          The use of the Utah coordinate system by any person, corporation, or governmental
638     agency engaged in land surveying or mapping, or both, is optional unless required under
639     Section 57-10-11.
640          Section 11. Effective date.
641          (1) Except as provided in Subsection (2), this bill takes effect on November 1, 2024.
642          (2) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (2)(b), the actions affecting Sections
643     10-9a-532 and 38-9-102 take effect on May 1, 2024.
644          (b) If this bill is approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, the
645     actions affecting Sections 10-9a-532 and 38-9-102 take effect upon approval by the governor,
646     or the day following the constitutional time limit of Utah Constitution, Article VII, Section 8,
647     without the governor's signature, or in the case of a veto, the date of veto override.