First Substitute S.B. 249

Senator Leonard M. Blackham proposes to substitute the following bill:

1 ROADS ON PUBLIC LANDS
2 2000 GENERAL SESSION
3 STATE OF UTAH
4 Sponsor: Leonard M. Blackham
5 AN ACT RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION; PROVIDING FOR JOINT TITLE TO
6 CERTAIN HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY BY THE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS;
7 PROVIDING FOR THE SCOPE OF CERTAIN RIGHT-OF-WAYS; PROVIDING
8 DEFINITIONS; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
9 This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as follows:
10 AMENDS:
11 72-3-102, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
12 72-3-103, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
13 72-3-104, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
14 72-3-105, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
15 72-3-108, as enacted by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
16 72-5-103, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
17 72-5-104, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
18 72-5-301, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
19 72-5-302, as renumbered and amended by Chapter 270, Laws of Utah 1998
20 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
21 Section 1. Section 72-3-102 is amended to read:
22 72-3-102. State highways -- Class A state roads.
23 (1) State highways comprise highways, roads, and streets designated under Chapter 4,
24 Designation of State Highways.
25 (2) State highways are class A state roads.

26 (3) The state has title to all rights-of-way for all state highways.
27 [(3)] (4) The department has jurisdiction and control over all state highways.
28 [(4)] (5) The department shall construct and maintain each state highway using funds made
29 available for that purpose.
30 Section 2. Section 72-3-103 is amended to read:
31 72-3-103. County roads -- Class B roads -- Construction and maintenance by
32 counties.
33 (1) County roads comprise all public highways, roads, and streets within the state that:
34 (a) are situated outside of incorporated municipalities and not designated as state highways;
35 (b) have been designated as county roads; or
36 (c) are located on property under the control of a federal agency and constructed or
37 maintained by the county under agreement with the appropriate federal agency.
38 (2) County roads are class B roads.
39 (3) The state and county have joint undivided interest in the title to all rights-of-way for
40 all county roads.
41 [(3)] (4) The county governing body has jurisdiction and control of county roads within the
42 county.
43 [(4)] (5) The county shall construct and maintain each county road using funds made
44 available for that purpose.
45 [(5)] (6) The county legislative body may expend funds allocated to each county from the
46 Transportation Fund under rules made by the department.
47 [(6)] (7) A county legislative body may use any portion of the class B road funds provided
48 by this chapter for the construction and maintenance of class A state roads by cooperative
49 agreement with the department.
50 [(7)] (8) A county may enter into agreements with the appropriate federal agency for the
51 use of federal funds, county road funds, and donations to county road funds to construct, improve,
52 or maintain county roads within or partly within national forests.
53 Section 3. Section 72-3-104 is amended to read:
54 72-3-104. City streets -- Class C roads -- Construction and maintenance.
55 (1) City streets comprise:
56 (a) highways, roads, and streets within the corporate limits of the municipalities that are

57 not designated as class A state roads or as class B roads; and
58 (b) those highways, roads, and streets located within a national forest and constructed or
59 maintained by the municipality under agreement with the appropriate federal agency.
60 (2) City streets are class C roads.
61 (3) Except for city streets within counties of the first and second class as defined in Section
62 17-16-13 , the state and city have joint undivided interest in the title to all rights-of-way for all city
63 streets.
64 [(3)] (4) The municipal governing body has jurisdiction and control of the city streets
65 within the municipality.
66 [(4)] (5) The department shall cooperate with the municipal legislative body in the
67 construction and maintenance of the class C roads within each municipality.
68 [(5)] (6) The municipal legislative body shall expend or cause to be expended upon the
69 class C roads the funds allocated to each municipality from the Transportation Fund under rules
70 made by the department.
71 [(6)] (7) Any town or city in the third class may:
72 (a) contract with the county or the department for the construction and maintenance of
73 class C roads within its corporate limits; or
74 (b) transfer, with the consent of the county, its:
75 (i) class C roads to the class B road system; and
76 (ii) funds allocated from the Transportation Fund to the municipality to the county
77 legislative body for use upon the transferred class C roads.
78 [(7)] (8) A municipal legislative body of any municipality of the third class may use any
79 portion of the class C road funds allocated to the municipality for the construction of sidewalks,
80 curbs, and gutters on class A state roads within the municipal limits by cooperative agreement with
81 the department.
82 Section 4. Section 72-3-105 is amended to read:
83 72-3-105. Maps to be prepared by county -- Indication of roads.
84 (1) As used in this section, "class D road" means any road, way, or other land surface route
85 that has been or is established by use or constructed and [is] has been maintained to provide
86 [reasonably passable] for usage by the public for vehicles with four or more wheels that is not a
87 class A, class B, or class C road under this title.

88 (2) Each class D road is part of the highway and road system within the state with the same
89 force and effect as if the class D road had been included within this system upon its being first
90 established or constructed.
91 (3) The state and county have joint undivided interest in the title to all rights-of-way for
92 class D roads.
93 (4) The county governing body has jurisdiction and control of class D roads within the
94 county.
95 [(3)] (5) Each county shall prepare maps showing to the best of its ability the class D roads
96 within its boundaries which were in existence as of October 21, 1976. Preparation of these maps
97 may be done by the county itself or through any multi-county planning district in which the county
98 participates. [A county shall be given a minimum of two years to complete mapping of the class
99 D roads within its boundaries.]
100 [(4)] (6) Any class D road which is established or constructed after October 21, 1976, shall
101 be reflected on maps prepared as provided in Subsection [(3)] (5).
102 [(5)] (7) The county shall provide a copy of any map under Subsection [(3) or (4)] (5) or
103 (6) upon completion to the department.
104 [(6)] (8) The department shall scribe each road shown on its own county map series. The
105 department is not responsible for the validity of any class D road and is not responsible for its
106 being inventoried. The department shall also keep on file an historical map record of the roads as
107 provided by the counties.
108 Section 5. Section 72-3-108 is amended to read:
109 72-3-108. County roads -- Vacation and narrowing.
110 (1) A county may, by ordinance, vacate, narrow, or change the name of a county road
111 without petition or after petition by a property owner.
112 (2) A county may not vacate a county road unless notice of the hearing is:
113 (a) published in a newspaper of general circulation in the county once a week for four
114 consecutive weeks prior to the hearing; or
115 (b) posted in three public places for four consecutive weeks prior to the hearing; and [is]
116 (c) mailed to the department and all owners of property abutting the county road.
117 (3) The right-of-way and easements, if any, of a property owner and the franchise rights
118 of any public utility may not be impaired by vacating or narrowing a county road.

119 (4) Except as provided in Section 72-5-305 , if a county vacates a county road, the state's
120 interest in the county road is also vacated.
121 Section 6. Section 72-5-103 is amended to read:
122 72-5-103. Acquisition of rights-of-way and other real property -- Title to property
123 acquired.
124 (1) The department may acquire any real property or interests in real property necessary
125 for temporary, present, or reasonable future state highway purposes by gift, agreement, exchange,
126 purchase, condemnation, or otherwise.
127 (2) (a) Title to real property acquired by the department or the counties, cities, and towns
128 by gift, agreement, exchange, purchase, condemnation, or otherwise for highway rights-of-way or
129 other highway purposes may be in fee simple or any lesser estate or interest.
130 (b) If the highway is a county road, city street, or right-of-way described in Title 72,
131 Chapter 5, Part 3, Rights-of-way Across Federal Lands Act, title to all interests in real property less
132 than fee simple held under this section is held jointly by the state and the county, city, or town
133 holding the interest.
134 (3) A transfer of land bounded by a highway on a right-of-way for which the public has
135 only an easement passes the title of the person whose estate is transferred to the middle of the
136 highway.
137 Section 7. Section 72-5-104 is amended to read:
138 72-5-104. Public use constituting dedication -- Scope.
139 (1) A highway [shall be deemed to have been] is dedicated and abandoned to the use of
140 the public when it has been continuously used as a public thoroughfare for a period of ten years.
141 (2) The dedication and abandonment creates a right-of-way held by the state in accordance
142 with Sections 72-3-102 , 72-3-103 , 72-3-104 , 72-3-105 , and 72-5-103 .
143 (3) The scope of the right-of-way is that which is reasonable and necessary to ensure safe
144 travel according to the facts and circumstances.
145 Section 8. Section 72-5-301 is amended to read:
146 72-5-301. Definitions.
147 As used in this part:
148 (1) "Acceptance," "acceptance of a right-of-way for the construction of a highway over
149 public lands, not reserved for public uses," or "accepted" means one or more of the following acts

150 prior to October 21, 1976:
151 (a) by the state or any political subdivision of the state:
152 (i) construction or maintenance of a highway;
153 (ii) inclusion of the highway in a state, county, or municipal road system;
154 (iii) expenditure of any public funds on the highway;
155 (iv) execution of a memorandum of understanding or other agreement with any other
156 public or private entity or an agency of the federal government that recognizes the right or
157 obligation of the state or a political subdivision of the state to construct or maintain the highway
158 or a portion of the highway; or
159 (v) (A) the acceptance at statehood of the school or institutional trust lands accessed or
160 traversed by the right-of-way; or
161 (B) the selection and receipt by the state of a clear list, indemnity list, or other document
162 conveying title to the state of school, institutional trust lands, or other state lands accessed or
163 traversed by the highway;
164 (b) use by the public for a period in excess of 10 years in accordance with Section
165 72-5-104 ; or
166 (c) any other act consistent with state or federal law indicating acceptance of a
167 right-of-way.
168 (2) (a) "Construction" means any physical act of readying a highway for use by the public
169 according to the available or intended mode of transportation, including, foot, horse, vehicle,
170 pipeline, or other mode.
171 (b) "Construction" includes:
172 (i) removing vegetation;
173 (ii) moving obstructions, including rocks, boulders, and outcroppings;
174 (iii) filling low spots;
175 (iv) maintenance over several years;
176 (v) creation of an identifiable route by use over time; and
177 (vi) other similar activities.
178 (3) (a) "Highway" means:
179 (i) any road, street, trail, or other access or way that is open to the public to come and go
180 or transport water at will, without regard to how or by whom the way was constructed or

181 maintained; and
182 (ii) appurtenant land and structures including road drainage ditches, back and front slopes,
183 turnouts, rest areas, and other areas that facilitate use of the highway by the public.
184 (b) "Highway" includes:
185 (i) pedestrian trails, horse paths, livestock trails, wagon roads, jeep trails, logging roads,
186 homestead roads, mine-to-market roads, alleys, tunnels, bridges, and all other ways and their
187 attendant access for maintenance; and
188 (ii) irrigation canals, waterways, viaducts, ditches, pipelines, or other means of water
189 transmission and their attendant access for maintenance.
190 (4) "Maintenance" means any physical act of upkeep of a highway or repair of wear or
191 damage whether from natural or other causes[.], including the following:
192 (a) vertical and horizontal alignment alterations to meet applicable safety standards;
193 (b) widening an existing road or flattening of shoulders or side slopes to meet applicable
194 safety standards;
195 (c) grooming and grading of the previously constructed road surface;
196 (d) establishing and maintaining the road crown with materials gathered along the road;
197 (e) filling ruts;
198 (f) spot filling with the same materials of the road, or improved materials;
199 (g) leveling or smoothing washboards;
200 (h) clearing the roadway of obstructing debris;
201 (i) cleaning culverts, including head basins and outlets;
202 (j) resurfacing with the same or improved materials;
203 (k) installing, maintaining, repairing and replacing rip rap;
204 (l) maintaining drainage;
205 (m) maintaining and repairing washes and gullies;
206 (n) installing, maintaining, repairing, and replacing culverts as necessary to protect the
207 existing surface from erosion;
208 (o) repairing washouts;
209 (p) installing, maintaining, repairing and replacing marker posts;
210 (q) installing, maintaining, and repairing water crossings;
211 (r) installing, maintaining, and repairing and replacing cattle guards;

212 (s) installing, maintaining, and repairing and replacing road signs;
213 (t) installing, maintaining, and repairing and replacing road striping;
214 (u) repair, stabilization and improvement of cut and fill slopes;
215 (v) application of seal coats; and
216 (w) snow removal.
217 (5) "Public lands not reserved for public uses" means any federal lands open to entry and
218 location.
219 (6) "R.S. 2477 right-of-way" means a right-of-way for a highway constructed in this state
220 on public lands not reserved for public uses in accordance with Revised Statute 2477, codified as
221 43 U.S.C. Section 932, and accepted by the state or a political subdivision of the state prior to
222 October 21, 1976.
223 Section 9. Section 72-5-302 is amended to read:
224 72-5-302. Rights-of-way across federal lands -- Title -- Presumption -- Scope.
225 (1) This part applies to all R.S. 2477 rights-of-way.
226 (2) The state and its political subdivisions have title to the R.S. 2477 rights-of-ways in
227 accordance with Sections 72-3-102 , 72-3-103 , 72-3-104 , 72-3-105 , and 72-5-103 .
228 (3) (a) Acceptance of a right-of-way for the construction of a highway over public lands,
229 not reserved for public uses, is presumed if the state or a political subdivision of the state makes
230 a finding that the highway was constructed and the right-of-way was accepted prior to October 21,
231 1976.
232 (b) The existence of a highway establishes a presumption that the highway has continued
233 in use in its present location since the land over which it is built was public land not reserved for
234 public use.
235 (4) (a) Unless specifically determined by the state or a political subdivision of the state
236 with authority over the R.S. 2477 right-of-way, the scope of the R.S. 2477 right-of-way is that
237 which is reasonable and necessary to ensure safe travel [for all uses that occurred before October
238 21, 1976] according to the facts and circumstances.
239 (b) The scope of the R.S. 2477 right-of-way includes the right to widen the highway as
240 necessary to accommodate the increased travel associated with those uses, up to, where applicable,
241 improving a highway to two lanes so travelers can safely pass each other.
242 [(c) The width of an R.S. 2477 right-of-way used for vehicular travel may not be less than

243 the setback standards for wilderness boundaries along existing roads as described in Bureau of
244 Land Management Manual H-8560-1, Management of Designated Wilderness Areas, dated July
245 27, 1988, as follows:]
246 [(i) high standard paved highways shall be 300 feet from the centerline;]
247 [(ii) high standard logging roads shall be 100 feet from the centerline; and]
248 [(iii) low standard logging, jeep, maintenance, dirt roads used for right-of-way, or similar
249 roads shall be 30 feet from the centerline.]
250 (5) The safety standards established by the Department of Transportation in accordance
251 with Section 72-6-102 apply to all determinations of safety on R.S. 2477 rights-of-way used for
252 vehicular travel.
253 Section 10. Effective date.
254 If approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, this act takes effect
255 upon approval by the governor, or the day following the constitutional time limit of Utah
256 Constitution Article VII, Section 8, without the governor's signature, or in the case of a veto, the
257 date of veto override.