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S.B. 14

             1     

UNIFORM PARENTAGE ACT

             2     
2005 GENERAL SESSION

             3     
STATE OF UTAH

             4     
Sponsor: Lyle W. Hillyard

             5     
             6      LONG TITLE
             7      General Description:
             8          This bill enacts the Utah Uniform Parentage Act.
             9      Highlighted Provisions:
             10          This bill:
             11          .    sets out guidelines for determining and declaring paternity;
             12          .    provides mechanisms for registering paternity;
             13          .    sets specific guidelines for surrogacy and assisted reproduction arrangements;
             14          .    provides conditions under which genetic testing may be requested or required;
             15          .    provides direction for state offices concerning adjudication of parentage and the
             16      filing and issuance of birth certificates;
             17          .    sets penalties for unauthorized release of information; and
             18          .    sets responsibilities for all parties when the parentage of a child is in question.
             19      Monies Appropriated in this Bill:
             20          None
             21      Other Special Clauses:
             22          This bill has an immediate effective date.
             23      Utah Code Sections Affected:
             24      AMENDS:
             25          26-2-2, as last amended by Chapter 176, Laws of Utah 2003
             26          26-2-5, as last amended by Chapter 176, Laws of Utah 2003
             27          30-1-17.2, as last amended by Chapter 255, Laws of Utah 2001


             28          75-2-114, as repealed and reenacted by Chapter 39, Laws of Utah 1998
             29          78-30-4.13, as last amended by Chapter 122, Laws of Utah 2004
             30      ENACTS:
             31          78-45g-101, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             32          78-45g-102, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             33          78-45g-103, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             34          78-45g-104, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             35          78-45g-105, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             36          78-45g-106, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             37          78-45g-107, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             38          78-45g-108, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             39          78-45g-109, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             40          78-45g-110, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             41          78-45g-111, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             42          78-45g-112, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             43          78-45g-113, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             44          78-45g-114, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             45          78-45g-115, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             46          78-45g-201, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             47          78-45g-202, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             48          78-45g-203, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             49          78-45g-204, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             50          78-45g-301, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             51          78-45g-302, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             52          78-45g-303, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             53          78-45g-304, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             54          78-45g-305, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             55          78-45g-306, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             56          78-45g-307, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             57          78-45g-308, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             58          78-45g-309, Utah Code Annotated 1953


             59          78-45g-310, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             60          78-45g-311, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             61          78-45g-312, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             62          78-45g-313, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             63          78-45g-401, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             64          78-45g-402, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             65          78-45g-403, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             66          78-45g-404, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             67          78-45g-405, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             68          78-45g-406, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             69          78-45g-407, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             70          78-45g-408, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             71          78-45g-409, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             72          78-45g-410, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             73          78-45g-501, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             74          78-45g-502, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             75          78-45g-503, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             76          78-45g-504, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             77          78-45g-505, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             78          78-45g-506, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             79          78-45g-507, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             80          78-45g-508, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             81          78-45g-509, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             82          78-45g-510, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             83          78-45g-511, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             84          78-45g-601, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             85          78-45g-602, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             86          78-45g-603, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             87          78-45g-604, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             88          78-45g-605, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             89          78-45g-606, Utah Code Annotated 1953


             90          78-45g-607, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             91          78-45g-608, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             92          78-45g-609, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             93          78-45g-610, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             94          78-45g-611, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             95          78-45g-612, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             96          78-45g-613, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             97          78-45g-614, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             98          78-45g-615, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             99          78-45g-616, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             100          78-45g-617, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             101          78-45g-618, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             102          78-45g-619, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             103          78-45g-620, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             104          78-45g-621, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             105          78-45g-622, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             106          78-45g-623, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             107          78-45g-701, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             108          78-45g-702, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             109          78-45g-703, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             110          78-45g-704, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             111          78-45g-705, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             112          78-45g-706, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             113          78-45g-707, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             114          78-45g-801, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             115          78-45g-802, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             116          78-45g-803, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             117          78-45g-804, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             118          78-45g-805, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             119          78-45g-806, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             120          78-45g-807, Utah Code Annotated 1953


             121          78-45g-808, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             122          78-45g-809, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             123          78-45g-901, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             124          78-45g-902, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             125      REPEALS:
             126          76-7-204, as last amended by Chapters 116 and 241, Laws of Utah 1991
             127          78-45a-1, as last amended by Chapter 245, Laws of Utah 1990
             128          78-45a-2, as last amended by Chapter 232, Laws of Utah 1997
             129          78-45a-3, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             130          78-45a-4, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             131          78-45a-5, as last amended by Chapter 274, Laws of Utah 1998
             132          78-45a-6, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             133          78-45a-6.5, as last amended by Chapter 232, Laws of Utah 1997
             134          78-45a-7, as last amended by Chapter 176, Laws of Utah 2003
             135          78-45a-10, as repealed and reenacted by Chapter 232, Laws of Utah 1997
             136          78-45a-10.5, as last amended by Chapter 255, Laws of Utah 2001
             137          78-45a-11, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             138          78-45a-11.5, as enacted by Chapter 232, Laws of Utah 1997
             139          78-45a-12, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             140          78-45a-13, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             141          78-45a-14, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             142          78-45a-15, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             143          78-45a-16, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             144          78-45a-17, as enacted by Chapter 158, Laws of Utah 1965
             145          78-45e-1, as enacted by Chapter 127, Laws of Utah 1994
             146          78-45e-2, as last amended by Chapter 176, Laws of Utah 2003
             147          78-45e-4, as last amended by Chapter 176, Laws of Utah 2003
             148     
             149      Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
             150          Section 1. Section 26-2-2 is amended to read:
             151           26-2-2. Definitions.


             152          As used in this chapter:
             153          (1) "Dead body" or "decedent" means a human body or parts of the human body from
             154      the condition of which it reasonably may be concluded that death occurred.
             155          (2) "Dead fetus" means a product of human conception:
             156          (a) of 20 weeks' gestation or more, calculated from the date the last normal menstrual
             157      period began to the date of delivery; and
             158          (b) that was not born alive.
             159          (3) "Declarant father" means a male who, along with the biological mother, [declares
             160      that he is the father of a child conceived as a result of sexual intercourse with the mother]
             161      claims to be the genetic father of a child, and signs a voluntary declaration of paternity to
             162      establish the child's paternity.
             163          (4) "File" means the submission of a completed certificate or other similar document,
             164      record, or report as provided under this chapter for registration by the state registrar or a local
             165      registrar.
             166          (5) "Funeral director" or "person acting as the funeral director" means the person who
             167      takes possession of a dead body or dead fetus, prepares the dead body or dead fetus and
             168      arranges for its final disposition, and includes:
             169          (a) a licensed funeral director;
             170          (b) a representative of a hospital which is making final disposition; or
             171          (c) another person assuming responsibility for the final disposition of the remains.
             172          (6) "Health care facility" has the same definition as in Section 26-21-2 .
             173          (7) "Live birth" means the birth of a child who shows evidence of life after it is entirely
             174      outside of the mother.
             175          (8) "Local registrar" means a person appointed under Subsection 26-2-3 (2)(b).
             176          (9) "Physician" means a person licensed to practice as a physician or osteopath in this
             177      state under Title 58, Chapter 67, Utah Medical Practice Act or Chapter 68, Utah Osteopathic
             178      Medical Practice Act.
             179          (10) "[Presumptive] Presumed father" means the father of a child conceived or born
             180      during a marriage as defined in Section 30-1-17.2 .
             181          (11) "Registration" or "register" means acceptance by the local or state registrar of a
             182      certificate and incorporation of it into the permanent records of the state.


             183          (12) "State registrar" means the state registrar of vital records appointed under
             184      Subsection 26-2-3 (1)(e).
             185          (13) "Vital records" means registered certificates or reports of birth, death, fetal death,
             186      marriage, divorce, dissolution of marriage, or annulment, amendments to any of these
             187      registered certificates or reports, and other similar documents.
             188          (14) "Vital statistics" means the data derived from registered certificates and reports of
             189      birth, death, fetal death, induced termination of pregnancy, marriage, divorce, dissolution of
             190      marriage, or annulment.
             191          Section 2. Section 26-2-5 is amended to read:
             192           26-2-5. Birth certificates -- Execution and registration requirements.
             193          (1) As used in this section, "birthing facility" means a general acute hospital or birthing
             194      center as defined in Section 26-21-2 .
             195          (2) For each live birth occurring in the state, a certificate shall be filed with the local
             196      registrar for the district in which the birth occurred within ten days following the birth. The
             197      certificate shall be registered if it is completed and filed in accordance with this chapter.
             198          (3) (a) For each live birth that occurs in a birthing facility, the administrator of the
             199      birthing facility, or his designee, shall obtain and enter the information required under this
             200      chapter on the certificate, securing the required signatures, and filing the certificate.
             201          (b) (i) The date, time, place of birth, and required medical information shall be certified
             202      by the birthing facility administrator or his designee.
             203          (ii) The attending physician or nurse midwife may sign the certificate, but if the
             204      attending physician or nurse midwife has not signed the certificate within seven days of the
             205      date of birth, the birthing facility administrator or his designee shall enter the attending
             206      physician's or nurse midwife's name and transmit the certificate to the local registrar.
             207          (iii) The information on the certificate about the parents shall be provided and certified
             208      by the mother or father or, in their incapacity or absence, by a person with knowledge of the
             209      facts.
             210          (4) (a) For live births that occur outside a birthing facility, the birth certificate shall be
             211      completed and filed by the physician, nurse, midwife, or other person primarily responsible for
             212      providing assistance to the mother at the birth. If there is no such person, either the
             213      [presumptive] presumed or declarant father shall complete and file the certificate. In his


             214      absence, the mother shall complete and file the certificate, and in the event of her death or
             215      disability, the owner or operator of the premises where the birth occurred shall do so.
             216          (b) The certificate shall be completed as fully as possible and shall include the date,
             217      time, and place of birth, the mother's name, and the signature of the person completing the
             218      certificate.
             219          (5) (a) For each live birth to an unmarried mother that occurs in a birthing facility, the
             220      administrator or director of that facility, or his designee, shall:
             221          (i) provide the birth mother and declarant father, if present, with:
             222          (A) a voluntary declaration of paternity form published by the state registrar;
             223          (B) oral and written notice to the birth mother and declarant father of the alternatives
             224      to, the legal consequences of, and the rights and responsibilities that arise from signing the
             225      declaration; and
             226          (C) the opportunity to sign the declaration;
             227          (ii) witness the signature of a birth mother or declarant father in accordance with
             228      Section [ 78-45e-3 ] 78-45g-302 if the signature occurs at the [hospital] facility;
             229          (iii) enter the declarant father's information on the original birth certificate, but only if
             230      the mother and [biological] declarant father have signed a voluntary declaration of paternity or
             231      a court or administrative agency has issued an adjudication of paternity; and
             232          (iv) file the completed declaration with the original birth certificate.
             233          (b) If there is a [presumptive] presumed father, the voluntary declaration will only be
             234      valid if the [presumptive] presumed father also signs the voluntary declaration.
             235          (c) The state registrar shall file the information provided on the voluntary declaration
             236      of paternity form with the original birth certificate and may provide certified copies of the
             237      declaration of paternity as otherwise provided under Title 78, [Chapter 45e, Voluntary
             238      Declaration of Paternity] Chapter 45g, Utah Uniform Parentage Act.
             239          (6) (a) The state registrar shall publish a form for the voluntary declaration of paternity,
             240      a description of the process for filing a voluntary declaration of paternity, and of the rights and
             241      responsibilities established or effected by that filing, in accordance with Title 78, [Chapter 45e,
             242      Voluntary Declaration of Paternity] Chapter 45g, Utah Uniform Parentage Act.
             243          (b) Information regarding the form and services related to voluntary paternity
             244      establishment shall be made available to birthing facilities and to any other entity or individual


             245      upon request.
             246          (7) The name of a declarant father may only be included on the birth certificate of a
             247      child of unmarried parents if:
             248          (a) the mother and declarant father have signed a voluntary declaration of paternity; or
             249          (b) a court or administrative agency has issued an adjudication of paternity.
             250          (8) Voluntary declarations of paternity, adjudications of paternity by judicial or
             251      administrative agencies, and voluntary rescissions of paternity shall be filed with and
             252      maintained by the state registrar for the purpose of comparing information with the state case
             253      registry maintained by the Office of Recovery Services pursuant to Section 62A-11-104 .
             254          Section 3. Section 30-1-17.2 is amended to read:
             255           30-1-17.2. Action to determine validity of marriage -- Orders relating to parties,
             256      property, and children -- Presumption of paternity in marriage.
             257          (1) If the parties have accumulated any property or acquired any obligations subsequent
             258      to the marriage, if there is a genuine need arising from an economic change of circumstances
             259      due to the marriage, or if there are children born or expected, the court may make temporary
             260      and final orders, and subsequently modify the orders, relating to the parties, their property and
             261      obligations, the children and their custody and parent-time, and the support and maintenance of
             262      the parties and children, as may be equitable.
             263          [(2) Except as provided in Section 78-45a-1 , children born to the parties after the date
             264      of their marriage shall be deemed the legitimate children of both of the parties.]
             265          (2) A man is presumed to be the father of a child if:
             266          (a) he and the mother of the child are married to each other and the child is born during
             267      the marriage;
             268          (b) he and the mother of the child were married to each other and the child is born
             269      within 300 days after the marriage is terminated by death, annulment, declaration of invalidity,
             270      or divorce, or after a decree of separation;
             271          (c) before the birth of the child, he and the mother of the child married each other in
             272      apparent compliance with law, even if the attempted marriage is, or could be, declared invalid
             273      and the child is born during the invalid marriage or within 300 days after its termination by
             274      death, annulment, declaration of invalidity, or divorce, or after a decree of separation; or
             275          (d) after the birth of the child, he and the mother of the child have married each other


             276      in apparent compliance with law, whether or not the marriage is, or could be declared, invalid,
             277      he voluntarily asserted his paternity of the child, and there is no other presumptive father of the
             278      child, and:
             279          (i) the assertion is in a record filed with the state registrar;
             280          (ii) he agreed to be and is named as the child's father on the child's birth certificate; or
             281          (iii) he promised in a record to support the child as his own.
             282          (3) If the child was born at the time of entry of a divorce decree, other children are
             283      named as children of the marriage, but that child is specifically not named, the husband is not
             284      presumed to be the father of the child not named in the order.
             285          (4) A presumption of paternity established under this section may only be rebutted in
             286      accordance with Section 78-45g-607 .
             287          (5) A final order or decree issued by a tribunal in which paternity is adjudicated, may
             288      not be set aside unless the court finds that one of the parties perpetrated a fraud in the
             289      establishment of the paternity and another party did not know or could not reasonably have
             290      known of the fraud at the time of the entry of the order. The party who committed the fraud
             291      may not bring the action.
             292          Section 4. Section 75-2-114 is amended to read:
             293           75-2-114. Parent and child relationship.
             294          (1) Except as provided in Subsections (2) and (3), for purposes of intestate succession
             295      by, through, or from a person, an individual is the child of the individual's natural parents,
             296      regardless of their marital status. The parent and child relationship may be established as
             297      provided in [Sections 78-45a-7 , 78-45a-10 , and Title 78, Chapter 45a, Uniform Act on
             298      Paternity] Title 78, Chapter 45g, Utah Uniform Parentage Act.
             299          (2) An adopted individual is the child of the adopting parent or parents and not of the
             300      natural parents, but adoption of a child by the spouse of either natural parent has no effect on:
             301          (a) the relationship between the child and that natural parent; or
             302          (b) the right of the child or a descendant of the child to inherit from or through the
             303      other natural parent.
             304          (3) Inheritance from or through a child by either natural parent or his kindred is
             305      precluded unless that natural parent has openly treated the child as his, and has not refused to
             306      support the child.


             307          Section 5. Section 78-30-4.13 is amended to read:
             308           78-30-4.13. Notice of adoption proceedings.
             309          (1) An unmarried, biological father, by virtue of the fact that he has engaged in a
             310      sexual relationship with a woman, is considered to be on notice that a pregnancy and an
             311      adoption proceeding regarding that child may occur, and has a duty to protect his own rights
             312      and interests. He is therefore entitled to actual notice of a birth or an adoption proceeding with
             313      regard to that child only as provided in this section.
             314          (2) Notice of an adoption proceeding shall be served on each of the following persons:
             315          (a) any person or agency whose consent or relinquishment is required under Section
             316      78-30-4.14 unless that right has been terminated by waiver, relinquishment, consent, or judicial
             317      action;
             318          (b) any person who has initiated a paternity proceeding and filed notice of that action
             319      with the state registrar of vital statistics within the Department of Health, in accordance with
             320      Subsection (3);
             321          (c) any legally appointed custodian or guardian of the adoptee;
             322          (d) the petitioner's spouse, if any, only if he has not joined in the petition;
             323          (e) the adoptee's spouse, if any;
             324          (f) any person who, prior to the time the mother executes her consent for adoption or
             325      relinquishes the child to a licensed child-placing agency, is recorded on the birth certificate as
             326      the child's father, with the knowledge and consent of the mother;
             327          (g) any person who is openly living in the same household with the child at the time
             328      the consent is executed or relinquishment made, and who is holding himself out to be the
             329      child's father; and
             330          (h) any person who is married to the child's mother at the time she executes her consent
             331      to the adoption or relinquishes the child for adoption.
             332          (3) (a) In order to preserve any right to notice and consent, an unmarried, biological
             333      father may initiate proceedings to establish paternity under Title 78, Chapter [45a, Uniform Act
             334      on Paternity] 45g, Utah Uniform Parentage Act, and file a notice of the initiation of those
             335      proceedings with the state registrar of vital statistics within the Department of Health prior to
             336      the mother's execution of consent or her relinquishment to an agency. That action and notice
             337      may also be filed prior to the child's birth.


             338          (b) If the unmarried, biological father does not know the county in which the birth
             339      mother resides, he may initiate his action in any county, subject to a change in trial pursuant to
             340      Section 78-13-7 .
             341          (c) The Department of Health shall provide forms for the purpose of filing the notice
             342      described in Subsection (3)(a), and make those forms available in the office of the county
             343      health department in each county.
             344          (4) Notice provided in accordance with this section need not disclose the name of the
             345      mother of the child who is the subject of an adoption proceeding.
             346          (5) The notice required by this section may be served immediately after relinquishment
             347      or execution of consent, but shall be served at least 30 days prior to the final dispositional
             348      hearing. The notice shall specifically state that the person served must respond to the petition
             349      within 30 days of service if he intends to intervene in or contest the adoption.
             350          (6) (a) Any person who has been served with notice of an adoption proceeding and who
             351      wishes to contest the adoption shall file a motion in the adoption proceeding within 30 days
             352      after service. The motion shall set forth specific relief sought and be accompanied by a
             353      memorandum specifying the factual and legal grounds upon which the motion is based.
             354          (b) Any person who fails to file a motion for relief within 30 days after service of
             355      notice waives any right to further notice in connection with the adoption, forfeits all rights in
             356      relation to the adoptee, and is barred from thereafter bringing or maintaining any action to
             357      assert any interest in the adoptee.
             358          (7) Service of notice under this section shall be made as follows:
             359          (a) With regard to a person whose consent is necessary under Section 78-30-4.14 ,
             360      service shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure. If
             361      service is by publication, the court shall designate the content of the notice regarding the
             362      identity of the parties. The notice may not include the name of the person or persons seeking to
             363      adopt the adoptee.
             364          (b) As to any other person for whom notice is required under this section, service by
             365      certified mail, return receipt requested, is sufficient. If that service cannot be completed after
             366      two attempts, the court may issue an order providing for service by publication, posting, or by
             367      any other manner of service.
             368          (c) Notice to a person who has initiated a paternity proceeding and filed notice of that


             369      action with the state registrar of vital statistics in the Department of Health in accordance with
             370      the requirements of Subsection (3), shall be served by certified mail, return receipt requested, at
             371      the last address filed with the registrar.
             372          (8) The notice required by this section may be waived in writing by the person entitled
             373      to receive notice.
             374          (9) Proof of service of notice on all persons for whom notice is required by this section
             375      shall be filed with the court before the final dispositional hearing on the adoption.
             376          (10) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, neither the notice of an adoption
             377      proceeding nor any process in that proceeding is required to contain the name of the person or
             378      persons seeking to adopt the adoptee.
             379          (11) Except as to those persons whose consent to an adoption is required under Section
             380      78-30-4.14 , the sole purpose of notice under this section is to enable the person served to
             381      intervene in the adoption and present evidence to the court relevant to the best interest of the
             382      child.
             383          Section 6. Section 78-45g-101 is enacted to read:
             384     
CHAPTER 45g. UTAH UNIFORM PARENTAGE ACT

             385     
Part 1. General Provisions

             386          78-45g-101. Title.
             387          This chapter is known as the "Utah Uniform Parentage Act."
             388          Section 7. Section 78-45g-102 is enacted to read:
             389          78-45g-102. Definitions.
             390          As used in this chapter:
             391          (1) "Adjudicated father" means a man who has been adjudicated by a tribunal to be the
             392      father of a child.
             393          (2) "Alleged father" means a man who alleges himself to be, or is alleged to be, the
             394      genetic father or a possible genetic father of a child, but whose paternity has not been
             395      determined.
             396          (3) "Assisted reproduction" means a method of causing pregnancy other than sexual
             397      intercourse. The term includes:
             398          (a) intrauterine insemination;
             399          (b) donation of eggs;


             400          (c) donation of embryos;
             401          (d) in vitro fertilization and transfer of embryos; and
             402          (e) intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
             403          (4) "Birth expenses" means all medical costs associated with the birth of a child,
             404      including the related expenses for the biological mother during her pregnancy and delivery.
             405          (5) "Birth mother" means the biological mother of a child.
             406          (6) "Child" means an individual of any age whose parentage may be determined under
             407      this chapter.
             408          (7) "Commence" means to file the initial pleading seeking an adjudication of parentage
             409      in the appropriate tribunal of this state.
             410          (8) "Declarant father" means a male who, along with the biological mother claims to be
             411      the genetic father of a child, and signs a voluntary declaration of paternity to establish the man's
             412      paternity.
             413          (9) "Determination of parentage" means the establishment of the parent-child
             414      relationship by the signing of a valid declaration of paternity under Part 3, Voluntary
             415      Declaration of Paternity, or adjudication by a tribunal.
             416          (10) "Donor" means an individual who produces eggs or sperm used for assisted
             417      reproduction, whether or not for consideration. The term does not include:
             418          (a) a husband who provides sperm, or a wife who provides eggs, to be used for assisted
             419      reproduction by the wife;
             420          (b) a woman who gives birth to a child by means of assisted reproduction, except as
             421      otherwise provided in Part 8, Gestational Agreement; or
             422          (c) a parent under Part 7, Child of Assisted Reproduction, or an intended parent under
             423      Part 8, Gestational Agreement.
             424          (11) "Ethnic or racial group" means, for purposes of genetic testing, a recognized group
             425      that an individual identifies as all or part of the individual's ancestry or that is so identified by
             426      other information.
             427          (12) "Financial support" means a base child support award as defined in Section
             428      78-45-2 , all past-due support which accrues under an order for current periodic payments, and
             429      sum certain judgments for past-due support.
             430          (13) "Genetic testing" means an analysis of genetic markers to exclude or identify a


             431      man as the father or a woman as the mother of a child. The term includes an analysis of one or
             432      a combination of the following:
             433          (a) deoxyribonucleic acid; or
             434          (b) blood-group antigens, red-cell antigens, human-leukocyte antigens, serum enzymes,
             435      serum proteins, or red-cell enzymes.
             436          (14) "Gestational mother" means an adult woman who gives birth to a child under a
             437      gestational agreement.
             438          (15) "Man," as defined in this chapter, means a male individual of any age.
             439          (16) "Medical support" means a provision in a support order that requires the purchase
             440      and maintenance of appropriate insurance for health and dental expenses of dependent children,
             441      and assigns responsibility for uninsured medical expenses.
             442          (17) "Parent" means an individual who has established a parent-child relationship
             443      under Section 78-45g-201 .
             444          (18) "Parent-child relationship" means the legal relationship between a child and a
             445      parent of the child. The term includes the mother-child relationship and the father-child
             446      relationship.
             447          (19) "Paternity index" means the likelihood of paternity calculated by computing the
             448      ratio between:
             449          (a) the likelihood that the tested man is the father, based on the genetic markers of the
             450      tested man and child, conditioned on the hypothesis that the tested man is the father of the
             451      child; and
             452          (b) the likelihood that the tested man is not the father, based on the genetic markers of
             453      the tested man and child, conditioned on the hypothesis that the tested man is not the father of
             454      the child and that the father is of the same ethnic or racial group as the tested man.
             455          (20) "Presumed father" means a man who, by operation of law under Section
             456      78-45g-204 , is recognized as the father of a child until that status is rebutted or confirmed as
             457      set forth in this chapter.
             458          (21) "Probability of paternity" means the measure, for the ethnic or racial group to
             459      which the alleged father belongs, of the probability that the man in question is the father of the
             460      child, compared with a random, unrelated man of the same ethnic or racial group, expressed as
             461      a percentage incorporating the paternity index and a prior probability.


             462          (22) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is
             463      stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
             464          (23) "Signatory" means an individual who authenticates a record and is bound by its
             465      terms.
             466          (24) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico,
             467      the United States Virgin Islands, any territory, Native American Tribe, or insular possession
             468      subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
             469          (25) "Support-enforcement agency" means a public official or agency authorized under
             470      Title IV-D of the Social Security Act which has the authority to seek:
             471          (a) enforcement of support orders or laws relating to the duty of support;
             472          (b) establishment or modification of child support;
             473          (c) determination of parentage; or
             474          (d) location of child-support obligors and their income and assets.
             475          (26) "Tribunal" means a court of law, administrative agency, or quasi-judicial entity
             476      authorized to establish, enforce, or modify support orders or to determine parentage.
             477          Section 8. Section 78-45g-103 is enacted to read:
             478          78-45g-103. Scope -- Choice of law.
             479          (1) This chapter applies to determinations of parentage in this state.
             480          (2) The tribunal shall apply the law of this state to adjudicate the parent-child
             481      relationship. The applicable law may not depend upon:
             482          (a) the place of birth of the child; or
             483          (b) the past or present residence of the child.
             484          (3) This chapter may not create, enlarge, or diminish parental rights or duties under
             485      other laws of this state.
             486          (4) This chapter does not authorize or prohibit an agreement between a woman and a
             487      man and another woman in which the woman relinquishes all rights as a parent of a child
             488      conceived by means of assisted reproduction, and which provides that the man and other
             489      woman become the parents of the child. If a birth results under such an agreement and the
             490      agreement is unenforceable under the law of this state, the parent-child relationship is
             491      determined as provided in Part 2, Parent-child Relationship.
             492          Section 9. Section 78-45g-104 is enacted to read:


             493          78-45g-104. Adjudication -- Jurisdiction.
             494          (1) The district court, the juvenile court, and the Office of Recovery Services in
             495      accordance with Section 62A-11-304.2 and Title 63, Chapter 46b, Administrative Procedures
             496      Act, are authorized to adjudicate parentage under Parts 1 through 6, and Part 9 of this chapter.
             497          (2) The district court and the juvenile court have jurisdiction over proceedings under
             498      Parts 7 and 8.
             499          Section 10. Section 78-45g-105 is enacted to read:
             500          78-45g-105. Protection of participants.
             501          Proceedings under this chapter are subject to other laws of this state governing the
             502      health, safety, privacy, and liberty of a child or other individual who could be jeopardized by
             503      disclosure of identifying information, including address, telephone number, place of
             504      employment, Social Security number, the child's day-care facility, or school.
             505          Section 11. Section 78-45g-106 is enacted to read:
             506          78-45g-106. Determination of maternity.
             507          Provisions of this chapter relating to determination of paternity also apply to
             508      determinations of maternity.
             509          Section 12. Section 78-45g-107 is enacted to read:
             510          78-45g-107. Effect.
             511          An adjudication or declaration of paternity shall be filed with the state registrar in
             512      accordance with Section 26-2-5 .
             513          Section 13. Section 78-45g-108 is enacted to read:
             514          78-45g-108. Obligation to provide address.
             515          A party to an action under this chapter has a continuing obligation to keep the tribunal
             516      informed of the party's current address.
             517          Section 14. Section 78-45g-109 is enacted to read:
             518          78-45g-109. Limitation on recovery from the father.
             519          The father's liabilities for past support are limited to the period of four years preceding
             520      the commencement of an action.
             521          Section 15. Section 78-45g-110 is enacted to read:
             522          78-45g-110. Duty of attorney general and county attorney.
             523          Whenever the state commences an action under this chapter, it shall be the duty of the


             524      attorney general or the county attorney of the county where the obligee resides to represent the
             525      state. Neither the attorney general nor the county attorney represents or has an attorney-client
             526      relationship with the obligee or the obligor in carrying out his responsibilities under this
             527      chapter.
             528          Section 16. Section 78-45g-111 is enacted to read:
             529          78-45g-111. Default judgment.
             530          Utah Rule of Civil Procedure 55, Default Judgment, shall apply to paternity actions
             531      commenced under this chapter.
             532          Section 17. Section 78-45g-112 is enacted to read:
             533          78-45g-112. Standard of proof.
             534          The standard of proof in a trial to determine paternity is "by clear and convincing
             535      evidence."
             536          Section 18. Section 78-45g-113 is enacted to read:
             537          78-45g-113. Parent-time rights of father.
             538          (1) If the tribunal determines that the alleged father is the father, it may upon its own
             539      motion or upon motion of the father, order parent-time rights in accordance with Sections
             540      30-3-32 through 30-3-37 as it considers appropriate under the circumstances.
             541          (2) Parent-time rights may not be granted to a father if the child has been subsequently
             542      adopted.
             543          Section 19. Section 78-45g-114 is enacted to read:
             544          78-45g-114. Social Security number in tribunal records.
             545          The Social Security number of any individual who is subject to a paternity
             546      determination shall be placed in the records relating to the matter.
             547          Section 20. Section 78-45g-115 is enacted to read:
             548          78-45g-115. Settlement agreements.
             549          An agreement of settlement with the alleged father is binding only when approved by
             550      the tribunal.
             551          Section 21. Section 78-45g-201 is enacted to read:
             552     
Part 2. Parent-child Relationship

             553          78-45g-201. Establishment of parent-child relationship.
             554          (1) The mother-child relationship is established between a woman and a child by:


             555          (a) the woman's having given birth to the child, except as otherwise provided in Part 8,
             556      Gestational Agreement;
             557          (b) an adjudication of the woman's maternity;
             558          (c) adoption of the child by the woman; or
             559          (d) an adjudication confirming the woman as a parent of a child born to a gestational
             560      mother if the agreement was validated under Part 8, Gestational Agreement, or is enforceable
             561      under other law.
             562          (2) The father-child relationship is established between a man and a child by:
             563          (a) an unrebutted presumption of the man's paternity of the child under Section
             564      78-45g-204 ;
             565          (b) an effective declaration of paternity by the man under Part 3, Voluntary Declaration
             566      of Paternity, unless the declaration has been rescinded or successfully challenged;
             567          (c) an adjudication of the man's paternity;
             568          (d) adoption of the child by the man;
             569          (e) the man having consented to assisted reproduction by a woman under Part 7, Child
             570      of Assisted Reproduction, which resulted in the birth of the child; or
             571          (f) an adjudication confirming the man as a parent of a child born to a gestational
             572      mother if the agreement was validated under Part 8, Gestational Agreement, or is enforceable
             573      under other law.
             574          Section 22. Section 78-45g-202 is enacted to read:
             575          78-45g-202. No discrimination based on marital status.
             576          A child born to parents who are not married to each other whose paternity has been
             577      determined under this chapter has the same rights under the law as a child born to parents who
             578      are married to each other.
             579          Section 23. Section 78-45g-203 is enacted to read:
             580          78-45g-203. Consequences of establishment of parentage.
             581          Unless parental rights are terminated, a parent-child relationship established under this
             582      chapter applies for all purposes, except as otherwise specifically provided by other law of this
             583      state.
             584          Section 24. Section 78-45g-204 is enacted to read:
             585          78-45g-204. Presumption of paternity.


             586          (1) A man is presumed to be the father of a child if:
             587          (a) he and the mother of the child are married to each other and the child is born during
             588      the marriage;
             589          (b) he and the mother of the child were married to each other and the child is born
             590      within 300 days after the marriage is terminated by death, annulment, declaration of invalidity,
             591      or divorce, or after a decree of separation;
             592          (c) before the birth of the child, he and the mother of the child married each other in
             593      apparent compliance with law, even if the attempted marriage is or could be declared invalid,
             594      and the child is born during the invalid marriage or within 300 days after its termination by
             595      death, annulment, declaration of invalidity, or divorce or after a decree of separation; or
             596          (d) after the birth of the child, he and the mother of the child married each other in
             597      apparent compliance with law, whether or not the marriage is, or could be declared, invalid, he
             598      voluntarily asserted his paternity of the child, and there is no other presumptive father of the
             599      child, and:
             600          (i) the assertion is in a record filed with the Office of Vital Records;
             601          (ii) he agreed to be and is named as the child's father on the child's birth certificate; or
             602          (iii) he promised in a record to support the child as his own.
             603          (2) A presumption of paternity established under this section may only be rebutted in
             604      accordance with Section 78-45g-607 .
             605          (3) If a child has an adjudicated father, the results of genetic testing are inadmissable to
             606      challenge paternity except as set forth in Section 78-45g-607 .
             607          Section 25. Section 78-45g-301 is enacted to read:
             608     
Part 3. Voluntary Declaration of Paternity

             609          78-45g-301. Declaration of paternity.
             610          The mother of a child and a man claiming to be the genetic father of the child may sign
             611      a declaration of paternity to establish the paternity of the child.
             612          Section 26. Section 78-45g-302 is enacted to read:
             613          78-45g-302. Execution of declaration of paternity.
             614          (1) A declaration of paternity must:
             615          (a) be in a record;
             616          (b) be signed, or otherwise authenticated, under penalty of perjury, by the mother and


             617      by the declarant father;
             618          (c) be signed by the birth mother and declarant father in the presence of two witnesses
             619      who are not related by blood or marriage; and
             620          (d) state that the child whose paternity is being declared:
             621          (i) does not have a presumed father, or has a presumed father whose full name is
             622      stated; and
             623          (ii) does not have another declarant or adjudicated father;
             624          (e) state whether there has been genetic testing and, if so, that the declarant man's claim
             625      of paternity is consistent with the results of the testing; and
             626          (f) state that the signatories understand that the declaration is the equivalent of a legal
             627      finding of paternity of the child and that a challenge to the declaration is permitted only under
             628      the limited circumstances described in Section 78-45g-307 .
             629          (2) If either the birth mother or the declarant father is a minor, the voluntary
             630      declaration must also be signed by that minor's parent or legal guardian.
             631          (3) A declaration of paternity is void if it:
             632          (a) states that another man is a presumed father, unless a denial of paternity signed or
             633      otherwise authenticated by the presumed father is filed with the Office of Vital Records in
             634      accordance with Section 78-45g-303 ;
             635          (b) states that another man is a declarant or adjudicated father; or
             636          (c) falsely denies the existence of a presumed, declarant, or adjudicated father of the
             637      child.
             638          (4) A presumed father may sign or otherwise authenticate an acknowledgment of
             639      paternity.
             640          (5) The declaration of paternity shall be in a form prescribed by the Office of Vital
             641      Records and shall be accompanied with a written and verbal notice of the alternatives to, the
             642      legal consequences of, and the rights and responsibilities that arise from signing the
             643      declaration.
             644          (6) The Social Security number of any person who is subject to declaration of paternity
             645      shall be placed in the records relating to the matter.
             646          (7) The declaration of paternity shall become an amendment to the original birth
             647      certificate. The original certificate and the declaration shall be marked as to be distinguishable.


             648      The declaration may be included as part of subsequently issued certified copies of the birth
             649      certificate. Alternatively, electronically issued copies of a certificate may reflect the amended
             650      information and the date of the amendment only.
             651          (8) A declaration of paternity may be completed and signed any time after the birth of
             652      the child. A declaration of paternity may not be signed or filed after consent to or
             653      relinquishment for adoption has been signed.
             654          (9) A declaration of paternity shall be considered effective when filed and entered into
             655      a database established and maintained by the Office of Vital Records.
             656          Section 27. Section 78-45g-303 is enacted to read:
             657          78-45g-303. Denial of paternity.
             658          A presumed or declarant father may sign a denial of his paternity. The denial is valid
             659      only if:
             660          (1) a declaration of paternity signed, or otherwise authenticated, by another man is filed
             661      pursuant to Section 78-45g-305 ;
             662          (2) the denial is in a form prescribed by and filed with the Office of Vital Records, and
             663      is signed, or otherwise authenticated, under penalty of perjury; and
             664          (3) the presumed or declarant father has not previously:
             665          (a) declared his paternity, unless the previous declaration has been rescinded pursuant
             666      to Section 78-45g-306 or successfully challenged pursuant to Section 78-45g-307 ; or
             667          (b) been adjudicated to be the father of the child.
             668          Section 28. Section 78-45g-304 is enacted to read:
             669          78-45g-304. Rules for declaration and denial of paternity.
             670          (1) A declaration of paternity and a denial of paternity shall be contained in a single
             671      document. If the declaration and denial are both necessary, neither is valid until both are
             672      signed and filed.
             673          (2) A declaration of paternity or a denial of paternity may not be signed before the birth
             674      of the child.
             675          (3) Subject to Subsection (1), a declaration of paternity or denial of paternity takes
             676      effect on the birth of the child or the filing of the document with the Office of Vital Records,
             677      whichever occurs later.
             678          (4) A declaration of paternity or denial of paternity signed by a minor and by the


             679      minor's parent or legal guardian is valid if it is otherwise in compliance with this chapter.
             680          Section 29. Section 78-45g-305 is enacted to read:
             681          78-45g-305. Effect of declaration or denial of paternity.
             682          (1) Except as otherwise provided in Sections 78-45g-306 and 78-45g-307 , a valid
             683      declaration of paternity filed with the Office of Vital Records is equivalent to a legal finding of
             684      paternity of a child and confers upon the declarant father all of the rights and duties of a parent.
             685          (2) When a declaration of paternity is filed, it shall be recognized as a basis for a child
             686      support order without any further requirement or proceeding regarding the establishment of
             687      paternity.
             688          (a) The liabilities of the father include, but are not limited to, the reasonable expense of
             689      the mother's pregnancy and confinement and for the education, necessary support, and any
             690      funeral expenses for the child.
             691          (b) When a father declares paternity, his liability for past amounts due is limited to the
             692      period of four years immediately preceding the date that the voluntary declaration of paternity
             693      was filed.
             694          (3) Except as otherwise provided in Sections 78-45g-306 and 78-45g-307 , a valid
             695      denial of paternity by a presumed or declarant father filed with the Office of Vital Records in
             696      conjunction with a valid declaration of paternity is equivalent to a legal finding of the
             697      nonpaternity of the presumed or declarant father and discharges the presumed or declarant
             698      father from all rights and duties of a parent. If a valid denial of paternity is filed with the
             699      Office of Vital Records, the declarant or presumed father may not recover child support he paid
             700      prior to the time of filing.
             701          Section 30. Section 78-45g-306 is enacted to read:
             702          78-45g-306. Proceeding for rescission.
             703          A signatory may rescind a declaration of paternity or denial of paternity by filing a
             704      voluntary rescission document with the Office of Vital Records in a form prescribed by the
             705      office before the earlier of:
             706          (1) 60 days after the effective date of the declaration or denial, as provided in Sections
             707      78-45g-303 and 78-45g-304 ; or
             708          (2) the date of notice of the first adjudicative proceeding to which the signatory is a
             709      party, before a tribunal to adjudicate an issue relating to the child, including a proceeding that


             710      establishes support.
             711          Section 31. Section 78-45g-307 is enacted to read:
             712          78-45g-307. Challenge after expiration of period for rescission.
             713          (1) After the period for rescission under Section 78-45g-306 has expired, a signatory of
             714      a declaration of paternity or denial of paternity, or a support-enforcement agency, may
             715      commence a proceeding to challenge the declaration or denial only on the basis of fraud,
             716      duress, or material mistake of fact.
             717          (2) A party challenging a declaration of paternity or denial of paternity has the burden
             718      of proof.
             719          (3) A challenge brought on the basis of fraud or duress may be commenced at any time.
             720          (4) A challenge brought on the basis of a material mistake of fact may be commenced
             721      within four years after the declaration is filed with the Office of Vital Records. For the
             722      purposes of this Subsection (4), if the declaration of paternity was filed with the Office of Vital
             723      Records prior to May 1, 2005, a challenge may be brought within four years after May 1, 2005.
             724          (5) For purposes of Subsection (4), genetic test results that exclude a declarant father or
             725      that rebuttably identify another man as the father in accordance with Section 78-45g-505
             726      constitute a material mistake of fact.
             727          Section 32. Section 78-45g-308 is enacted to read:
             728          78-45g-308. Procedure for rescission or challenge.
             729          (1) Every signatory to a declaration of paternity and any related denial of paternity
             730      must be made a party to a proceeding to rescind or challenge the declaration or denial.
             731          (2) For the purpose of rescission of, or challenge to, a declaration of paternity or denial
             732      of paternity, a signatory submits to personal jurisdiction of this state by signing the declaration
             733      or denial, effective upon the filing of the document with the Office of Vital Records.
             734          (3) Except for good cause shown, during the pendency of a proceeding to rescind or
             735      challenge a declaration of paternity or denial of paternity, the tribunal may not suspend the
             736      legal responsibilities of a signatory arising from the declaration, including the duty to pay child
             737      support.
             738          (4) A proceeding to rescind or to challenge a declaration of paternity or denial of
             739      paternity must be conducted in the same manner as a proceeding to adjudicate parentage under
             740      Part 6, Adjudication of Parentage.


             741          (5) At the conclusion of a proceeding to rescind or challenge a declaration of paternity
             742      or denial of paternity, the tribunal shall order the Office of Vital Records to amend the birth
             743      record of the child, if appropriate.
             744          (6) If the declaration is rescinded, the declarant father may not recover child support he
             745      paid prior to the entry of an order of rescission.
             746          Section 33. Section 78-45g-309 is enacted to read:
             747          78-45g-309. Ratification barred.
             748          A tribunal or administrative agency conducting a judicial or administrative proceeding
             749      may not ratify an unchallenged declaration of paternity.
             750          Section 34. Section 78-45g-310 is enacted to read:
             751          78-45g-310. Full faith and credit.
             752          A tribunal of this state shall give full faith and credit to a declaration of paternity or
             753      denial of paternity effective in another state if the declaration or denial has been signed and is
             754      otherwise in compliance with the law of the other state.
             755          Section 35. Section 78-45g-311 is enacted to read:
             756          78-45g-311. Forms for declaration and denial of paternity and for rescission of
             757      Paternity.
             758          (1) To facilitate compliance with this part, the Office of Vital Records shall prescribe
             759      forms for the declaration, denial, and rescission of paternity.
             760          (2) A valid declaration of paternity or denial of paternity is not affected by a later
             761      modification of the prescribed form.
             762          Section 36. Section 78-45g-312 is enacted to read:
             763          78-45g-312. Release of information.
             764          The Office of Vital Records may release information relating to the declaration of
             765      paternity or denial of paternity to a signatory of the declaration or denial and to tribunals and
             766      federal, tribal, and state support-enforcement agencies of this or another state.
             767          Section 37. Section 78-45g-313 is enacted to read:
             768          78-45g-313. Adoption of rules.
             769          The Office of Vital Records may adopt rules in accordance with Title 63, Chapter 46a,
             770      Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act, to implement this part.
             771          Section 38. Section 78-45g-401 is enacted to read:


             772     
Part 4. Registry of Paternity

             773          78-45g-401. Maintenance of records.
             774          (1) The Office of Vital Records shall register the following records which are filed
             775      with the office:
             776          (a) all declarations of paternity;
             777          (b) all judicial and administrative determinations of paternity; and
             778          (c) all notices of proceedings to establish paternity which are filed pursuant to Sections
             779      78-30-4.13 and 78-30-4.14 .
             780          (2) A notice of initiation of paternity proceedings may not be accepted into the registry
             781      unless accompanied by a copy of the pleading which has been filed with the court to establish
             782      paternity.
             783          (3) A notice of initiation of paternity proceedings may not be filed if another man is the
             784      adjudicated or declarant father.
             785          Section 39. Section 78-45g-402 is enacted to read:
             786          78-45g-402. Effect of registration.
             787          (1) An unmarried biological father who desires to be notified of a proceeding for
             788      adoption of a child must file a notice of the initiation of paternity proceedings as required by
             789      Sections 78-30-4.13 and 78-30-4.14 .
             790          (2) A registrant shall promptly notify the registry in a record of any change in the
             791      information registered. The Office of Vital Records shall incorporate all new information
             792      received into its records but need not affirmatively seek to obtain current information for
             793      incorporation in the registry.
             794          Section 40. Section 78-45g-403 is enacted to read:
             795          78-45g-403. Notice of proceeding.
             796          Notice of an adoption proceeding shall be given to unmarried biological fathers
             797      pursuant to Section 78-30-4.13 .
             798          Section 41. Section 78-45g-404 is enacted to read:
             799          78-45g-404. Required form.
             800          (1) The Office of Vital Records shall prepare a form to be filed with the agency. The
             801      form shall require the signature of the registrant and state that the form is signed under penalty
             802      of perjury.


             803          (2) The form shall also state that:
             804          (a) a timely filing of notice of the initiation of paternity proceedings which is filed
             805      pursuant to Subsection 78-45g-402 (1) entitles the registrant to notice of a proceeding for
             806      adoption of the child;
             807          (b) a timely filing does not commence a proceeding to establish paternity;
             808          (c) the information disclosed on the form may be used against the registrant to establish
             809      paternity;
             810          (d) services to assist in establishing paternity of a child who is not placed for adoption
             811      are available to the registrant through the Office of Recovery Services;
             812          (e) the registrant should also file in another state if conception or birth of the child
             813      occurred in the other state;
             814          (f) information on registries of other states is available from the Office of Vital
             815      Records; and
             816          (g) procedures exist to remove the filing of a proceeding to establish paternity if the
             817      proceeding is dismissed, or if a finding of paternity is rescinded or set aside under this chapter.
             818          Section 42. Section 78-45g-405 is enacted to read:
             819          78-45g-405. Furnishing of information -- Confidentiality.
             820          (1) The Office of Vital Records shall send a copy of the filing to a person or entity set
             821      forth in Subsection (2), who has requested a copy. The copy of the filing shall be sent to the
             822      most recent address provided by the requestor.
             823          (2) Information contained in records which are filed pursuant to Section 78-45g-401 is
             824      confidential and may be released on request only to:
             825          (a) a tribunal or a person designated by the tribunal;
             826          (b) the mother of the child who is the subject of the filing;
             827          (c) an agency authorized by other law to receive the information;
             828          (d) a licensed child-placing agency;
             829          (e) the Office of Recovery Services, the Office of the Attorney General, or a
             830      support-enforcement agency of another state or tribe;
             831          (f) a party or the party's attorney of record in a proceeding under this chapter or in a
             832      proceeding for adoption of, or for termination of parental rights regarding, a child who is the
             833      subject of the filing; and


             834          (g) the registry of paternity in another state.
             835          Section 43. Section 78-45g-406 is enacted to read:
             836          78-45g-406. Penalty for releasing information.
             837          A person who, with malicious intent, releases confidential information from the Office
             838      of Vital Records which is filed pursuant to Section 78-45g-401 to a person or agency not
             839      authorized to receive the information under Section 78-45g-405 is guilty of a class B
             840      misdemeanor.
             841          Section 44. Section 78-45g-407 is enacted to read:
             842          78-45g-407. Removal of registration.
             843          The Office of Vital Records may remove a registration in accordance with rules
             844      adopted by the office in accordance with Title 63, Chapter 46a, Utah Administrative
             845      Rulemaking Act.
             846          Section 45. Section 78-45g-408 is enacted to read:
             847          78-45g-408. Fees for registry.
             848          (1) A fee may not be charged to remove a registration.
             849          (2) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (3), the Office of Vital Records may
             850      charge a reasonable fee for registering records pursuant to Section 78-45g-401 , making a
             851      search of the registry, and for furnishing a certificate.
             852          (3) The Office of Recovery Services, the Office of the Attorney General, and
             853      support-enforcement agencies of other states or tribes may not be required to pay the fee
             854      authorized by Subsection (2).
             855          Section 46. Section 78-45g-409 is enacted to read:
             856          78-45g-409. Search of records -- Certificate.
             857          (1) Upon the request of an individual, tribunal, or agency identified in Section
             858      78-45g-405 , the Office of Vital Records shall search its records for any registration made
             859      pursuant to Section 78-45g-401 and furnish to the requestor a certificate of search which shall
             860      be signed on behalf of the office and state that:
             861          (a) a search has been made of the records of the Office of Vital Records; and
             862          (b) a registration containing the information required to identify the registrant:
             863          (i) has been found and is attached to the certificate of search; or
             864          (ii) has not been found.


             865          (2) A petitioner shall file the certificate of search with the tribunal in connection with a
             866      proceeding for adoption.
             867          Section 47. Section 78-45g-410 is enacted to read:
             868          78-45g-410. Admissibility of information.
             869          A certificate of search of the registry of paternity in this or another state is admissible in
             870      a proceeding for adoption of a child and, if relevant, in other legal proceedings.
             871          Section 48. Section 78-45g-501 is enacted to read:
             872     
Part 5. Genetic Testing

             873          78-45g-501. Scope of part.
             874          This part governs genetic testing of an individual to determine parentage, whether the
             875      individual:
             876          (1) voluntarily submits to testing; or
             877          (2) is tested pursuant to an order of a tribunal or a support-enforcement agency.
             878          Section 49. Section 78-45g-502 is enacted to read:
             879          78-45g-502. Order for testing.
             880          (1) Upon the motion of any party to the action, except as otherwise provided in this
             881      part and Part 6, Adjudication of Parentage, the tribunal shall order the child and other
             882      designated individuals to submit to genetic testing if the request for testing is supported by the
             883      sworn statement of a party to the proceeding:
             884          (a) alleging paternity and stating facts establishing a reasonable probability of the
             885      requisite sexual contact between the individuals; or
             886          (b) denying paternity and stating facts establishing a possibility that sexual contact
             887      between the individuals, if any, did not result in the conception of the child.
             888          (2) If a request for genetic testing of a child is made before birth, the tribunal may not
             889      order in-utero testing.
             890          (3) If two or more men are subject to an order for genetic testing, the testing may be
             891      ordered concurrently or sequentially.
             892          Section 50. Section 78-45g-503 is enacted to read:
             893          78-45g-503. Requirements for genetic testing.
             894          (1) Genetic testing must be of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the field of
             895      genetic testing and performed in a testing laboratory accredited by:


             896          (a) the American Association of Blood Banks, or a successor to its functions;
             897          (b) the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, or a successor to
             898      its functions; or
             899          (c) an accrediting body designated by the federal Secretary of Health and Human
             900      Services.
             901          (2) A specimen used in genetic testing may consist of one or more samples, or a
             902      combination of samples, of blood, buccal cells, bone, hair, or other body tissue or fluid. The
             903      specimen used in the testing need not be of the same kind for each individual undergoing
             904      genetic testing.
             905          Section 51. Section 78-45g-504 is enacted to read:
             906          78-45g-504. Report of genetic testing.
             907          (1) A report of genetic testing must be in a record and signed under penalty of perjury
             908      by a designee of the testing laboratory. A report made under the requirements of this part is
             909      self-authenticating.
             910          (2) Documentation from the testing laboratory of the following information is
             911      sufficient to establish a reliable chain of custody that allows the results of genetic testing to be
             912      admissible without testimony:
             913          (a) the names and photographs of the individuals whose specimens have been taken;
             914          (b) the names of the individuals who collected the specimens;
             915          (c) the places and dates the specimens were collected;
             916          (d) the names of the individuals who received the specimens in the testing laboratory;
             917          (e) the dates the specimens were received; and
             918          (f) the finger prints of the individuals whose specimens have been taken.
             919          Section 52. Section 78-45g-505 is enacted to read:
             920          78-45g-505. Genetic testing results -- Rebuttal.
             921          (1) Under this chapter, a man is presumed to be identified as the father of a child if the
             922      genetic testing complies with this part and the results disclose that:
             923          (a) the man has at least a 99% probability of paternity, using a prior probability of 0.50,
             924      as calculated by using the combined paternity index obtained in the testing; and
             925          (b) a combined paternity index of at least 100 to 1.
             926          (2) A man identified under Subsection (1) as the father of the child may rebut the


             927      genetic testing results only by other genetic testing satisfying the requirements of this part
             928      which:
             929          (a) excludes the man as a genetic father of the child; or
             930          (b) identifies another man as the possible father of the child.
             931          (3) If an issue is raised as to whether the appropriate ethnic or racial group database
             932      was used by the testing laboratory, the testing laboratory will be asked to rerun the test using
             933      the correct ethnic or racial group database. If the testing laboratory does not have an adequate
             934      database, another testing laboratory may be engaged to perform the calculations.
             935          (4) If a presumption of paternity is not rebutted by a second test, the tribunal shall issue
             936      an order establishing paternity.
             937          Section 53. Section 78-45g-506 is enacted to read:
             938          78-45g-506. Costs of genetic testing.
             939          (1) Subject to assessment of costs under Part 6, Adjudication of Parentage, the cost of
             940      initial genetic testing shall be advanced:
             941          (a) by a support-enforcement agency in a proceeding in which the support-enforcement
             942      agency is providing services;
             943          (b) by the individual who made the request;
             944          (c) as agreed by the parties; or
             945          (d) as ordered by the tribunal.
             946          (2) In cases in which the cost is advanced by the support-enforcement agency, the
             947      agency may seek reimbursement from a man who is rebuttably identified as the father.
             948          Section 54. Section 78-45g-507 is enacted to read:
             949          78-45g-507. Additional genetic testing.
             950          The tribunal shall order additional genetic testing upon the request of a party who
             951      contests the result of the original testing. If the previous genetic testing identified a man as the
             952      father of the child under Section 78-45g-505 , the tribunal may not order additional testing
             953      unless the party provides advance payment for the testing. If the tribunal orders a second
             954      genetic test in accordance with this section, the additional testing must be completed within 45
             955      days of the tribunal's order or the requesting party's objection to the first test will be
             956      automatically denied. If failure to complete the test occurs because of noncooperation of the
             957      mother or unavailability of the child, the time will be tolled.


             958          Section 55. Section 78-45g-508 is enacted to read:
             959          78-45g-508. Genetic testing when specimens not available.
             960          (1) Subject to Subsection (2), if a genetic-testing specimen is not available from a man
             961      who may be the father of a child, for good cause and under extraordinary circumstances the
             962      tribunal considers to be just, the tribunal may order the following individuals to submit
             963      specimens for genetic testing:
             964          (a) the parents of the man;
             965          (b) brothers and sisters of the man;
             966          (c) other children of the man and their mothers; and
             967          (d) other relatives of the man necessary to complete genetic testing.
             968          (2) Issuance of an order under this section requires a finding that a need for genetic
             969      testing outweighs the legitimate interests of the individual sought to be tested.
             970          Section 56. Section 78-45g-509 is enacted to read:
             971          78-45g-509. Deceased individual.
             972          For good cause shown, the tribunal may order genetic testing of a deceased individual.
             973          Section 57. Section 78-45g-510 is enacted to read:
             974          78-45g-510. Identical brothers.
             975          (1) The tribunal may order genetic testing of a brother of a man identified as the father
             976      of a child if the man is commonly believed to have an identical brother and evidence suggests
             977      that the brother may be the genetic father of the child.
             978          (2) If each brother satisfies the requirements as the identified father of the child under
             979      Section 78-45g-505 without consideration of another identical brother being identified as the
             980      father of the child, the tribunal may rely on nongenetic evidence to adjudicate which brother is
             981      the father of the child.
             982          Section 58. Section 78-45g-511 is enacted to read:
             983          78-45g-511. Confidentiality of genetic testing.
             984          Release of the report of genetic testing for parentage is controlled by Title 63, Chapter
             985      2, Government Records Access and Management Act.
             986          Section 59. Section 78-45g-601 is enacted to read:
             987     
Part 6. Adjudication of Parentage

             988          78-45g-601. Proceeding authorized -- Definition.


             989          (1) An adjudicative proceeding may be maintained to determine the parentage of a
             990      child. A judicial proceeding is governed by the rules of civil procedure. An administrative
             991      proceeding is governed by Title 63, Chapter 46b, Administrative Procedures Act.
             992          (2) For the purposes of this part, "divorce" also includes an annulment.
             993          Section 60. Section 78-45g-602 is enacted to read:
             994          78-45g-602. Standing to maintain proceeding.
             995          Subject to Part 3, Voluntary Declaration of Paternity, and Sections 78-45g-607 and
             996      78-45g-609 , a proceeding to adjudicate parentage may be maintained by:
             997          (1) the child;
             998          (2) the mother of the child;
             999          (3) a man whose paternity of the child is to be adjudicated;
             1000          (4) the support-enforcement agency or other governmental agency authorized by other
             1001      law;
             1002          (5) an authorized adoption agency or licensed child-placing agency;
             1003          (6) a representative authorized by law to act for an individual who would otherwise be
             1004      entitled to maintain a proceeding but who is deceased, incapacitated, or a minor; or
             1005          (7) an intended parent under Part 8, Gestational Agreement.
             1006          Section 61. Section 78-45g-603 is enacted to read:
             1007          78-45g-603. Parties to proceeding.
             1008          The following individuals shall be joined as parties in a proceeding to adjudicate
             1009      parentage:
             1010          (1) the mother of the child;
             1011          (2) a man whose paternity of the child is to be adjudicated; and
             1012          (3) the state pursuant to Section 78-45-9 .
             1013          Section 62. Section 78-45g-604 is enacted to read:
             1014          78-45g-604. Personal jurisdiction.
             1015          (1) An individual may not be adjudicated to be a parent unless the tribunal has personal
             1016      jurisdiction over the individual.
             1017          (2) A tribunal of this state having jurisdiction to adjudicate parentage may exercise
             1018      personal jurisdiction over a nonresident individual, or the guardian or conservator of the
             1019      individual, if the conditions prescribed in Section 78-45f-201 are fulfilled, or the individual has


             1020      signed a declaration of paternity.
             1021          (3) Lack of jurisdiction over one individual does not preclude the tribunal from making
             1022      an adjudication of parentage binding on another individual over whom the tribunal has
             1023      personal jurisdiction.
             1024          Section 63. Section 78-45g-605 is enacted to read:
             1025          78-45g-605. Venue.
             1026          Venue for a judicial proceeding to adjudicate parentage is in the county of this state in
             1027      which:
             1028          (1) the child resides or is found;
             1029          (2) the respondent resides or is found if the child does not reside in this state; or
             1030          (3) a proceeding for probate or administration of the presumed or alleged father's estate
             1031      has been commenced.
             1032          Section 64. Section 78-45g-606 is enacted to read:
             1033          78-45g-606. No limitation -- Child having no declarant or adjudicated father.
             1034          A proceeding to adjudicate the parentage of a child having no declarant or adjudicated
             1035      father may be commenced at any time. If initiated after the child becomes an adult, only the
             1036      child may initiate the proceeding.
             1037          Section 65. Section 78-45g-607 is enacted to read:
             1038          78-45g-607. Limitation -- Child having presumed father.
             1039          (1) Paternity of a child conceived or born during a marriage with a presumed father as
             1040      described in Subsection 78-45g-204 (1)(a), (b), or (c), may only be raised by the presumed
             1041      father or the mother at any time prior to filing an action for divorce or in the pleadings at the
             1042      time of the divorce of the parents.
             1043          (a) If the issue is raised prior to the adjudication, genetic testing may be ordered by the
             1044      tribunal in accordance with Section 78-45g-608 . Failure of the mother of the child to appear
             1045      for testing may result in an order allowing a motherless calculation of paternity. Failure of the
             1046      mother to make the child available may not result in a determination that the presumed father is
             1047      not the father, but shall allow for appropriate proceedings to compel the cooperation of the
             1048      mother. Once paternity has been raised in the pleadings in a divorce and an order is entered,
             1049      the parties are estopped from raising the issue again, and the order of the tribunal may not be
             1050      challenged on the basis of material mistake of fact.


             1051          (b) If the presumed father seeks to rebut the presumption of paternity, then denial of a
             1052      motion seeking an order for genetic testing or a decision to disregard genetic test results shall
             1053      be based on a preponderance of the evidence.
             1054          (c) If the mother seeks to rebut the presumption of paternity, the mother has the burden
             1055      to show by a preponderance of the evidence that it would be in the best interests of the child to
             1056      disestablish the parent-child relationship.
             1057          (2) For the presumption outside of marriage described in Subsection 78-45g-204 (1)(d),
             1058      the presumption may be rebutted at any time if the tribunal determines that the presumed father
             1059      and the mother of the child neither cohabited nor engaged in sexual intercourse with each other
             1060      during the probable time of conception.
             1061          (3) The presumption may be rebutted by:
             1062          (a) genetic test results that exclude the presumed father;
             1063          (b) genetic test results that rebuttably identify another man as the father in accordance
             1064      with Section 78-45g-505 ;
             1065          (c) evidence that the presumed father and the mother of the child neither cohabited nor
             1066      engaged in sexual intercourse with each other during the probable time of conception; or
             1067          (d) an adjudication under this part.
             1068          (4) There is no presumption to rebut if the presumed father was properly served and
             1069      there has been a final adjudication of the issue.
             1070          Section 66. Section 78-45g-608 is enacted to read:
             1071          78-45g-608. Authority to deny motion for genetic testing or disregard test results.
             1072          (1) In a proceeding to adjudicate the parentage of a child having a presumed father or
             1073      to challenge the paternity of a child having a declarant father, the tribunal may deny a motion
             1074      seeking an order for genetic testing of the mother, the child, and the presumed or declarant
             1075      father, or if testing has been completed, the tribunal may disregard genetic test results that
             1076      exclude the presumed or declarant father if the tribunal determines that:
             1077          (a) the conduct of the mother or the presumed or declarant father estops that party from
             1078      denying parentage; and
             1079          (b) it would be inequitable to disrupt the father-child relationship between the child
             1080      and the presumed or declarant father.
             1081          (2) In determining whether to deny a motion seeking an order for genetic testing or to


             1082      disregard genetic test results under this section, the tribunal shall consider the best interest of
             1083      the child, including the following factors:
             1084          (a) the length of time between the proceeding to adjudicate parentage and the time that
             1085      the presumed or declarant father was placed on notice that he might not be the genetic father;
             1086          (b) the length of time during which the presumed or declarant father has assumed the
             1087      role of father of the child;
             1088          (c) the facts surrounding the presumed or declarant father's discovery of his possible
             1089      nonpaternity;
             1090          (d) the nature of the relationship between the child and the presumed or declarant
             1091      father;
             1092          (e) the age of the child;
             1093          (f) the harm that may result to the child if presumed or declared paternity is
             1094      successfully disestablished;
             1095          (g) the nature of the relationship between the child and any alleged father;
             1096          (h) the extent to which the passage of time reduces the chances of establishing the
             1097      paternity of another man and a child-support obligation in favor of the child; and
             1098          (i) other factors that may affect the equities arising from the disruption of the
             1099      father-child relationship between the child and the presumed or declarant father or the chance
             1100      of other harm to the child.
             1101          (3) If the tribunal denies a motion seeking an order for genetic testing or disregards
             1102      genetic test results that exclude the presumed or declarant father, it shall issue an order
             1103      adjudicating the presumed or declarant father to be the father of the child.
             1104          Section 67. Section 78-45g-609 is enacted to read:
             1105          78-45g-609. Limitation -- Child having declarant father.
             1106          (1) If a child has a declarant father, a signatory to the declaration of paternity or denial
             1107      of paternity or a support-enforcement agency may commence a proceeding seeking to rescind
             1108      the declaration or denial or challenge the paternity of the child only within the time allowed
             1109      under Section 78-45g-306 or 78-45g-307 .
             1110          (2) A proceeding under this section is subject to the application of the principles of
             1111      estoppel established in Section 78-45g-608 .
             1112          Section 68. Section 78-45g-610 is enacted to read:


             1113          78-45g-610. Joinder of judicial proceedings.
             1114          (1) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (2), a judicial proceeding to adjudicate
             1115      parentage may be joined with a proceeding for adoption, termination of parental rights, child
             1116      custody or visitation, child support, divorce, annulment, legal separation or separate
             1117      maintenance, probate or administration of an estate, or other appropriate proceeding.
             1118          (2) A respondent may not join a proceeding described in Subsection (1) with a
             1119      proceeding to adjudicate parentage brought under the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act.
             1120          Section 69. Section 78-45g-611 is enacted to read:
             1121          78-45g-611. Proceeding before birth.
             1122          A proceeding to determine parentage may be commenced before the birth of the child,
             1123      but may not be concluded until after the birth of the child. The following actions may be taken
             1124      before the birth of the child:
             1125          (1) service of process;
             1126          (2) discovery; and
             1127          (3) except as prohibited by Section 78-45g-502 , collection of specimens for genetic
             1128      testing.
             1129          Section 70. Section 78-45g-612 is enacted to read:
             1130          78-45g-612. Child as party -- Representation.
             1131          (1) A minor child is a permissible party, but is not a necessary party to a proceeding
             1132      under this part.
             1133          (2) The tribunal may appoint a guardian ad litem to represent a minor or incapacitated
             1134      child if the child is a party or the tribunal finds that the interests of the child are not adequately
             1135      represented.
             1136          Section 71. Section 78-45g-613 is enacted to read:
             1137          78-45g-613. Admissibility of results of genetic testing -- Expenses.
             1138          (1) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (3), a record of a genetic-testing expert
             1139      is admissible as evidence of the truth of the facts asserted in the report unless a party objects to
             1140      its admission within 14 days after its receipt by the objecting party and cites specific grounds
             1141      for exclusion. Unless a party files a timely objection, testimony shall be in affidavit form. The
             1142      admissibility of the report is not affected by whether the testing was performed:
             1143          (a) voluntarily or pursuant to an order of the tribunal; or


             1144          (b) before or after the commencement of the proceeding.
             1145          (2) A party objecting to the results of genetic testing may call one or more
             1146      genetic-testing experts to testify in person or by telephone, video conference, deposition, or
             1147      another method approved by the tribunal. Unless otherwise ordered by the tribunal, the party
             1148      offering the testimony bears the expense for the expert testifying.
             1149          (3) If a child has a presumed or declarant father, the results of genetic testing are
             1150      inadmissible to adjudicate parentage unless performed:
             1151          (a) pursuant to Section 78-45g-503 ;
             1152          (b) within the time periods set forth in this chapter; and
             1153          (c) pursuant to a tribunal order or administrative process; or
             1154          (d) with the consent of both the mother and the presumed or declarant father.
             1155          (4) If a child has an adjudicated father, the results of genetic testing are inadmissible to
             1156      challenge paternity except as set forth in Sections 78-45g-607 and 78-45g-608 .
             1157          (5) Copies of bills for genetic testing and for prenatal and postnatal health care for the
             1158      mother and child which are furnished to the adverse party not less than ten days before the date
             1159      of a hearing are admissible to establish:
             1160          (a) the amount of the charges billed; and
             1161          (b) that the charges were reasonable, necessary, and customary.
             1162          Section 72. Section 78-45g-614 is enacted to read:
             1163          78-45g-614. Consequences of failing to submit to genetic testing.
             1164          (1) An order for genetic testing is enforceable by contempt.
             1165          (2) If an individual whose paternity is being determined fails to submit to genetic
             1166      testing ordered by the tribunal, the tribunal for that reason may adjudicate parentage contrary to
             1167      the position of that individual.
             1168          (3) Genetic testing of the mother of a child is not a condition precedent to testing the
             1169      child and a man whose paternity is being determined. If the mother is unavailable or fails to
             1170      submit to genetic testing, the tribunal may order the testing of the child and every man who is
             1171      potentially the father of the child.
             1172          Section 73. Section 78-45g-615 is enacted to read:
             1173          78-45g-615. Admission of paternity authorized.
             1174          (1) A respondent in a proceeding to adjudicate parentage may admit to the paternity of


             1175      a child by filing a pleading to that effect or by admitting paternity under penalty of perjury
             1176      when making an appearance or during a hearing.
             1177          (2) If the tribunal finds that the admission of paternity satisfies the requirements of this
             1178      section and finds that there is no reason to question the admission, the tribunal shall issue an
             1179      order adjudicating the child to be the child of the man admitting paternity.
             1180          Section 74. Section 78-45g-616 is enacted to read:
             1181          78-45g-616. Temporary order.
             1182          (1) In a proceeding under this part, the tribunal shall issue a temporary order for
             1183      support of a child if the order is appropriate and the individual ordered to pay support is:
             1184          (a) a presumed father of the child;
             1185          (b) petitioning to have his paternity adjudicated;
             1186          (c) identified as the father through genetic testing under Section 78-45g-505 ;
             1187          (d) an alleged father who has failed to submit to genetic testing;
             1188          (e) shown by clear and convincing evidence to be the father of the child; or
             1189          (f) the mother of the child.
             1190          (2) A temporary tribunal order may include provisions for custody and visitation as
             1191      provided by other laws of this state.
             1192          Section 75. Section 78-45g-617 is enacted to read:
             1193          78-45g-617. Rules for adjudication of paternity.
             1194          The tribunal shall apply the following rules to adjudicate the paternity of a child:
             1195          (1) The paternity of a child having a presumed, declarant, or adjudicated father may be
             1196      disproved only by admissible results of genetic testing excluding that man as the father of the
             1197      child or identifying another man as the father of the child.
             1198          (2) Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic
             1199      testing, a man identified as the father of a child under Section 78-45g-505 must be adjudicated
             1200      the father of the child, unless an exception is granted under Section 78-45g-608 .
             1201          (3) If the tribunal finds that genetic testing under Section 78-45g-505 neither identifies
             1202      nor excludes a man as the father of a child, the tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding. In that
             1203      event, the tribunal shall order further testing.
             1204          (4) Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic
             1205      testing, a man properly excluded as the father of a child by genetic testing must be adjudicated


             1206      not to be the father of the child.
             1207          Section 76. Section 78-45g-618 is enacted to read:
             1208          78-45g-618. Adjudication of parentage -- Jury trial prohibited.
             1209          A jury trial is prohibited to adjudicate paternity of a child.
             1210          Section 77. Section 78-45g-619 is enacted to read:
             1211          78-45g-619. Adjudication of parentage -- Hearings -- Inspection of records.
             1212          (1) On request of a party and for good cause shown, the tribunal may close a
             1213      proceeding under this part.
             1214          (2) A final order in a proceeding under this part is available for public inspection.
             1215      Other papers and records are available only with the consent of the parties or on order of the
             1216      tribunal for good cause.
             1217          Section 78. Section 78-45g-620 is enacted to read:
             1218          78-45g-620. Adjudication of parentage -- Order on default.
             1219          The tribunal shall issue an order adjudicating the paternity of a man who:
             1220          (1) after service of process, is in default; and
             1221          (2) is found by the tribunal to be the father of a child.
             1222          Section 79. Section 78-45g-621 is enacted to read:
             1223          78-45g-621. Adjudication of parentage -- Dismissal for want of prosecution.
             1224          The tribunal may issue an order dismissing a proceeding commenced under this chapter
             1225      for want of prosecution only without prejudice. An order of dismissal for want of prosecution
             1226      purportedly with prejudice is void and has only the effect of a dismissal without prejudice.
             1227          Section 80. Section 78-45g-622 is enacted to read:
             1228          78-45g-622. Order adjudicating parentage.
             1229          (1) The tribunal shall issue an order adjudicating whether a man alleged or claiming to
             1230      be the father is the parent of the child.
             1231          (2) An order adjudicating parentage must identify the child by name and date of birth.
             1232          (3) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (4), the tribunal may assess filing fees,
             1233      reasonable attorney's fees, fees for genetic testing, other costs, necessary travel, and other
             1234      reasonable expenses incurred in a proceeding under this part. The tribunal may award
             1235      attorney's fees, which may be paid directly to the attorney, who may enforce the order in the
             1236      attorney's own name.


             1237          (4) The tribunal may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against the
             1238      support-enforcement agency of this state or another state, except as provided by law.
             1239          (5) On request of a party and for good cause shown, the tribunal may order that the
             1240      name of the child be changed.
             1241          (6) If the order of the tribunal is at variance with the child's birth certificate, the
             1242      tribunal shall order the Office of Vital Records to issue an amended birth registration.
             1243          Section 81. Section 78-45g-623 is enacted to read:
             1244          78-45g-623. Binding effect of determination of parentage.
             1245          (1) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (2), a determination of parentage is
             1246      binding on:
             1247          (a) all signatories to a declaration or denial of paternity as provided in Part 3,
             1248      Voluntary Declaration of Paternity; and
             1249          (b) all parties to an adjudication by a tribunal acting under circumstances that satisfy
             1250      the jurisdictional requirements of Section 78-45f-201 .
             1251          (2) A child is not bound by a determination of parentage under this chapter unless:
             1252          (a) the determination was based on an unrescinded declaration of paternity and the
             1253      declaration is consistent with the results of genetic testing;
             1254          (b) the adjudication of parentage was based on a finding consistent with the results of
             1255      genetic testing and the consistency is declared in the determination or is otherwise shown; or
             1256          (c) the child was a party or was represented in the proceeding determining parentage by
             1257      a guardian ad litem.
             1258          (3) In a proceeding to dissolve a marriage, the tribunal is considered to have made an
             1259      adjudication of the parentage of a child if the final order:
             1260          (a) expressly identifies a child as a "child of the marriage," "issue of the marriage," or
             1261      similar words indicating that the husband is the father of the child; or
             1262          (b) provides for support of the child by the husband unless paternity is specifically
             1263      disclaimed in the order.
             1264          (4) The tribunal is not considered to have made an adjudication of the parentage of a
             1265      child if the child was born at the time of entry of the order and other children are named as
             1266      children of the marriage, but that child is specifically not named.
             1267          (5) Once the paternity of a child has been adjudicated, an individual who was not a


             1268      party to the paternity proceeding may not challenge the paternity, unless:
             1269          (a) the party seeking to challenge can demonstrate a fraud upon the tribunal;
             1270          (b) the challenger can demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that the challenger
             1271      did not know about the adjudicatory proceeding or did not have a reasonable opportunity to
             1272      know of the proceeding; and
             1273          (c) there would be irreparable harm to the child to leave the order in place.
             1274          (6) A party to an adjudication of paternity may challenge the adjudication only under
             1275      law of this state relating to appeal, vacation of judgments, or other judicial review.
             1276          Section 82. Section 78-45g-701 is enacted to read:
             1277     
Part 7. Child of Assisted Reproduction

             1278          78-45g-701. Scope.
             1279          This part does not apply to the birth of a child conceived by means of sexual
             1280      intercourse, or as result of a gestational agreement as provided in Part 8, Gestational
             1281      Agreement.
             1282          Section 83. Section 78-45g-702 is enacted to read:
             1283          78-45g-702. Parental status of donor.
             1284          A donor is not a parent of a child conceived by means of assisted reproduction.
             1285          Section 84. Section 78-45g-703 is enacted to read:
             1286          78-45g-703. Husband's paternity of child of assisted reproduction.
             1287          If a husband provides sperm for, or consents to, assisted reproduction by his wife as
             1288      provided in Section 78-45g-704 , he is the father of a resulting child born to his wife.
             1289          Section 85. Section 78-45g-704 is enacted to read:
             1290          78-45g-704. Consent to assisted reproduction.
             1291          (1) A consent to assisted reproduction by a married woman must be in a record signed
             1292      by the woman and her husband. This requirement does not apply to the donation of eggs for
             1293      assisted reproduction by another woman.
             1294          (2) Failure of the husband to sign a consent required by Subsection (1), before or after
             1295      the birth of the child, does not preclude a finding that the husband is the father of a child born
             1296      to his wife if the wife and husband openly treat the child as their own.
             1297          Section 86. Section 78-45g-705 is enacted to read:
             1298          78-45g-705. Limitation on husband's dispute of paternity.


             1299          (1) Except as otherwise provided in Subsection (2), the husband of a wife who gives
             1300      birth to a child by means of assisted reproduction may not challenge his paternity of the child
             1301      unless:
             1302          (a) within two years after learning of the birth of the child he commences a proceeding
             1303      to adjudicate his paternity; and
             1304          (b) the tribunal finds that he did not consent to the assisted reproduction, before or after
             1305      the birth of the child.
             1306          (2) A proceeding to adjudicate paternity may be maintained at any time if the tribunal
             1307      determines that:
             1308          (a) the husband did not provide sperm for, or before or after the birth of the child
             1309      consent to, assisted reproduction by his wife;
             1310          (b) the husband and the mother of the child have not cohabited since the probable time
             1311      of assisted reproduction; and
             1312          (c) the husband never openly treated the child as his own.
             1313          (3) The limitation provided in this section applies to a marriage declared invalid after
             1314      assisted reproduction.
             1315          Section 87. Section 78-45g-706 is enacted to read:
             1316          78-45g-706. Effect of dissolution of marriage.
             1317          (1) If a marriage is dissolved before placement of eggs, sperm, or an embryo, the
             1318      former spouse is not a parent of the resulting child unless the former spouse consented in a
             1319      record that if assisted reproduction were to occur after a divorce, the former spouse would be a
             1320      parent of the child.
             1321          (2) The consent of the former spouse to assisted reproduction may be revoked by that
             1322      individual in a record at any time before placement of eggs, sperm, or embryos.
             1323          Section 88. Section 78-45g-707 is enacted to read:
             1324          78-45g-707. Parental status of deceased spouse.
             1325          If a spouse dies before placement of eggs, sperm, or an embryo, the deceased spouse is
             1326      not a parent of the resulting child unless the deceased spouse consented in a record that if
             1327      assisted reproduction were to occur after death, the deceased spouse would be a parent of the
             1328      child.
             1329          Section 89. Section 78-45g-801 is enacted to read:


             1330     
Part 8. Gestational Agreement

             1331          78-45g-801. Gestational agreement authorized.
             1332          (1) A prospective gestational mother, her husband if she is married, a donor or the
             1333      donors, and the intended parents may enter into a written agreement providing that:
             1334          (a) the prospective gestational mother agrees to pregnancy by means of assisted
             1335      reproduction;
             1336          (b) the prospective gestational mother, her husband if she is married, and the donors
             1337      relinquish all rights and duties as the parents of a child conceived through assisted
             1338      reproduction; and
             1339          (c) the intended parents become the parents of the child.
             1340          (2) The intended parents shall be married, and both spouses must be parties to the
             1341      gestational agreement.
             1342          (3) A gestational agreement is enforceable only if validated as provided in Section
             1343      78-45g-803 .
             1344          (4) A gestational agreement does not apply to the birth of a child conceived by means
             1345      of sexual intercourse.
             1346          Section 90. Section 78-45g-802 is enacted to read:
             1347          78-45g-802. Requirements of petition.
             1348          (1) The intended parents and the prospective gestational mother may file a petition in
             1349      the district tribunal to validate a gestational agreement.
             1350          (2) A petition to validate a gestational agreement may not be maintained unless either
             1351      the mother or intended parents have been residents of this state for at least 90 days.
             1352          (3) The prospective gestational mother's husband, if she is married, must join in the
             1353      petition.
             1354          (4) A copy of the gestational agreement must be attached to the petition.
             1355          Section 91. Section 78-45g-803 is enacted to read:
             1356          78-45g-803. Hearing to validate gestational agreement.
             1357          (1) If the requirements of Subsection (2) are satisfied, a tribunal may issue an order
             1358      validating the gestational agreement and declaring that the intended parents will be the parents
             1359      of a child born during the term of the agreement.
             1360          (2) The tribunal may issue an order under Subsection (1) only on finding that:


             1361          (a) the residence requirements of Section 78-45g-802 have been satisfied and the
             1362      parties have submitted to jurisdiction of the tribunal under the jurisdictional standards of this
             1363      part;
             1364          (b) medical evidence shows that the intended mother is unable to bear a child or is
             1365      unable to do so without unreasonable risk to her physical or mental health or to the unborn
             1366      child;
             1367          (c) unless waived by the tribunal, a home study of the intended parents has been
             1368      conducted in accordance with Section 78-30-3.5 , and the intended parents meet the standards
             1369      of fitness applicable to adoptive parents;
             1370          (d) all parties have voluntarily entered into the agreement and understand its terms;
             1371          (e) the prospective gestational mother has had at least one pregnancy and delivery and
             1372      her bearing another child will not pose an unreasonable health risk to the unborn child or to the
             1373      physical or mental health of the prospective gestational mother;
             1374          (f) adequate provision has been made for all reasonable health-care expense associated
             1375      with the gestational agreement until the birth of the child, including responsibility for those
             1376      expenses if the agreement is terminated; and
             1377          (g) the consideration, if any, paid to the prospective gestational mother is reasonable.
             1378          (3) Whether to validate a gestational agreement is within the discretion of the tribunal,
             1379      subject only to review for abuse of discretion.
             1380          Section 92. Section 78-45g-804 is enacted to read:
             1381          78-45g-804. Inspection of records.
             1382          The proceedings, records, and identities of the individuals to a gestational agreement
             1383      under this part are subject to inspection under the confidentiality standards applicable to
             1384      adoptions as provided under other laws of this state.
             1385          Section 93. Section 78-45g-805 is enacted to read:
             1386          78-45g-805. Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction.
             1387          Subject to the jurisdictional standards of Section 78-45c-201 , the tribunal conducting a
             1388      proceeding under this part has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction of all matters arising out of the
             1389      gestational agreement until a child born to the gestational mother during the period governed
             1390      by the agreement attains the age of 180 days.
             1391          Section 94. Section 78-45g-806 is enacted to read:


             1392          78-45g-806. Termination of gestational agreement.
             1393          (1) After issuance of an order under this part, but before the prospective gestational
             1394      mother becomes pregnant by means of assisted reproduction, the prospective gestational
             1395      mother, her husband, or either of the intended parents may terminate the gestational agreement
             1396      only by giving written notice of termination to all other parties.
             1397          (2) The tribunal for good cause shown also may terminate the gestational agreement.
             1398          (3) An individual who terminates an agreement shall file notice of the termination with
             1399      the tribunal. On receipt of the notice, the tribunal shall vacate the order issued under this part.
             1400      An individual who does not notify the tribunal of the termination of the agreement is subject to
             1401      appropriate sanctions.
             1402          (4) Neither a prospective gestational mother nor her husband, if any, is liable to the
             1403      intended parents for terminating an agreement pursuant to this section.
             1404          Section 95. Section 78-45g-807 is enacted to read:
             1405          78-45g-807. Parentage under validated gestational agreement.
             1406          (1) Upon birth of a child to a gestational mother, the intended parents shall file notice
             1407      with the tribunal that a child has been born to the gestational mother within 300 days after
             1408      assisted reproduction. Thereupon, the tribunal shall issue an order:
             1409          (a) confirming that the intended parents are the parents of the child;
             1410          (b) if necessary, ordering that the child be surrendered to the intended parents; and
             1411          (c) directing the Office of Vital Records to issue a birth certificate naming the intended
             1412      parents as parents of the child.
             1413          (2) If the parentage of a child born to the gestational mother is in dispute as not the
             1414      result of an assisted reproduction, the tribunal shall order genetic testing to determine the
             1415      parentage of the child.
             1416          Section 96. Section 78-45g-808 is enacted to read:
             1417          78-45g-808. Gestational agreement -- Miscellaneous provisions.
             1418          (1) A gestational agreement may provide for payment of consideration.
             1419          (2) A gestational agreement may not limit the right of the gestational mother to make
             1420      decisions to safeguard her health or that of the embryo or fetus.
             1421          (3) After the issuance of an order under this part, subsequent marriage of the
             1422      gestational mother does not affect the validity of a gestational agreement, and her husband's


             1423      consent to the agreement is not required, nor is her husband a presumed father of the resulting
             1424      child.
             1425          Section 97. Section 78-45g-809 is enacted to read:
             1426          78-45g-809. Effect of nonvalidated gestational agreement.
             1427          (1) A gestational agreement, whether in a record or not, which is not validated by a
             1428      tribunal is not enforceable.
             1429          (2) If a birth results under a gestational agreement that is not judicially validated as
             1430      provided in this part, the parent-child relationship is determined as provided in Part 2,
             1431      Parent-child Relationship.
             1432          (3) The individuals who are parties to a nonvalidated gestational agreement as intended
             1433      parents may be held liable for support of the resulting child, even if the agreement is otherwise
             1434      unenforceable. The liability under this Subsection (3) includes assessing all expenses and fees
             1435      as provided in Section 78-45g-622 .
             1436          Section 98. Section 78-45g-901 is enacted to read:
             1437     
Part 9. Miscellaneous Provisions

             1438          78-45g-901. Uniformity of application and construction.
             1439          This chapter is a uniform law. In applying and construing this chapter, consideration
             1440      shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter
             1441      among the states that enact it.
             1442          Section 99. Section 78-45g-902 is enacted to read:
             1443          78-45g-902. Transitional provision.
             1444          A proceeding to adjudicate parentage which was commenced before May 1, 2005 is
             1445      governed by the law in effect at the time the proceeding was commenced.
             1446          Section 100. Repealer.
             1447          This bill repeals:
             1448          Section 76-7-204, Prohibition of surrogate parenthood agreements -- Status of
             1449      child -- Basis of custody.
             1450          Section 78-45a-1, Obligations of the father.
             1451          Section 78-45a-2, Determination of paternity -- Effect -- Enforcement.
             1452          Section 78-45a-3, Limitation on recovery from the father.
             1453          Section 78-45a-4, Limitations on recovery from father's estate.


             1454          Section 78-45a-5, Remedies.
             1455          Section 78-45a-6, Time of trial.
             1456          Section 78-45a-6.5, Standard of proof.
             1457          Section 78-45a-7, Authority for genetic testing.
             1458          Section 78-45a-10, Effect of genetic test results.
             1459          Section 78-45a-10.5, Parent-time rights of father.
             1460          Section 78-45a-11, Judgment.
             1461          Section 78-45a-11.5, Social security number in court records.
             1462          Section 78-45a-12, Security.
             1463          Section 78-45a-13, Settlement agreements.
             1464          Section 78-45a-14, Venue.
             1465          Section 78-45a-15, Uniformity of interpretation.
             1466          Section 78-45a-16, Short title.
             1467          Section 78-45a-17, Operation of act.
             1468          Section 78-45e-1, Chapter title.
             1469          Section 78-45e-2, Voluntary declaration of paternity.
             1470          Section 78-45e-4, Rescission of the declaration.
             1471          Section 101. Effective date.
             1472          If approved by two-thirds of all members elected to each house, this bill takes effect
             1473      upon approval by the governor, or the day following the constitutional time limit of Utah
             1474      Constitution Article VII, Section 8, without the governor's signature, or in the case of a veto,
             1475      the date of veto override.




Legislative Review Note
    as of 12-7-04 8:44 AM


Based on a limited legal review, this legislation has not been determined to have a high
probability of being held unconstitutional.

Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel


Interim Committee Note
    as of 12-08-04 1:30 PM


The Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Interim Committee recommended this bill.


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