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S.B. 204 Enrolled

             1     

HUMAN REMAINS RELATED AMENDMENTS

             2     
2007 GENERAL SESSION

             3     
STATE OF UTAH

             4     
Chief Sponsor: Darin G. Peterson

             5     
House Sponsor: Michael E. Noel

             6     
             7      LONG TITLE
             8      General Description:
             9          This bill modifies provisions related to discovery and disposition of human remains on
             10      nonfederal lands within the state.
             11      Highlighted Provisions:
             12          This bill:
             13          .    modifies definitions;
             14          .    addresses the powers and duties of the Antiquities Section of the Division of
             15      History related to human remains discovered within the state;
             16          .    provides for a process when ancient human remains are discovered on nonfederal
             17      lands that are not state land;
             18          .    addresses the determination of ownership and the disposition of Native American
             19      remains discovered on nonfederal lands;
             20          .    addresses rulemaking; and
             21          .    makes technical and conforming amendments.
             22      Monies Appropriated in this Bill:
             23          None
             24      Other Special Clauses:
             25          None
             26      Utah Code Sections Affected:
             27      AMENDS:
             28          9-8-302, as last amended by Chapter 292, Laws of Utah 2006
             29          9-8-304, as last amended by Chapter 292, Laws of Utah 2006


             30          9-9-402, as last amended by Chapter 39, Laws of Utah 2005
             31          9-9-403, as enacted by Chapter 286, Laws of Utah 1992
             32          76-9-704, as last amended by Chapter 143, Laws of Utah 2005
             33      ENACTS:
             34          9-8-309, Utah Code Annotated 1953
             35     
             36      Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
             37          Section 1. Section 9-8-302 is amended to read:
             38           9-8-302. Definitions.
             39          As used in this part and Part 4, Historic Sites:
             40          (1) "Agency" means a department, division, office, bureau, board, commission, or
             41      other administrative unit of the state.
             42          (2) "Ancient human remains" means all or part of the following that are historic or
             43      prehistoric:
             44          (a) a physical individual; and
             45          (b) any object on or attached to the physical individual that is placed on or attached to
             46      the physical individual as part of the death rite or ceremony of a culture.
             47          [(2)] (3) "Antiquities Section" means the Antiquities Section of the Division of State
             48      History created in Section 9-8-304 .
             49          [(3)] (4) "Archaeological resources" means all material remains and their associations,
             50      recoverable or discoverable through excavation or survey, that provide information pertaining
             51      to the historic or prehistoric peoples of the state.
             52          [(4)] (5) "Collection" means a specimen and the associated records documenting the
             53      specimen and its recovery.
             54          [(5)] (6) "Curation" means management and care of collections according to standard
             55      professional museum practice, which may include inventorying, accessioning, labeling,
             56      cataloging, identifying, evaluating, documenting, storing, maintaining, periodically inspecting,
             57      cleaning, stabilizing, conserving, exhibiting, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of original


             58      collections or reproductions, and providing access to and facilities for studying collections.
             59          [(6)] (7) "Curation facility" is defined as provided in Section 53B-17-603 .
             60          [(7)] (8) "Division" means the Division of State History created in Section 9-8-201 .
             61          [(8)] (9) "Excavate" means the recovery of archaeological resources.
             62          [(9)] (10) "Historic property" means any prehistoric or historic district, site, building,
             63      structure, or specimen included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic
             64      Places or the State Register.
             65          (11) "Indian tribe" means a tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community
             66      of Indians that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the
             67      United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
             68          [(10)] (12) "Museum" means the Utah Museum of Natural History.
             69          (13) (a) "Nonfederal land" means land in the state that is not owned, controlled, or held
             70      in trust by the federal government.
             71          (b) "Nonfederal land" includes:
             72          (i) land owned or controlled by:
             73          (A) the state;
             74          (B) a county, city, or town;
             75          (C) an Indian tribe, if the land is not held in trust by the United States for the Indian
             76      tribe or the Indian tribe's members; or
             77          (D) a person other than the federal government; or
             78          (ii) school and institutional trust lands.
             79          [(11)] (14) "Principal investigator" means the individual with overall administrative
             80      responsibility for the survey or excavation project authorized by the permit.
             81          [(12)] (15) "Repository" is defined as provided in Section 53B-17-603 .
             82          [(13)] (16) "School and institutional trust lands" are those properties defined in Section
             83      53C-1-103 .
             84          [(14)] (17) "Site" means any petroglyphs, pictographs, structural remains, or
             85      geographic location that is the source of archaeological resources or specimens.


             86          [(15)] (18) "Specimen" means all man-made artifacts and remains of an archaeological
             87      or anthropological nature found on or below the surface of the earth, excluding structural
             88      remains.
             89          [(16)] (19) "State historic preservation officer" means that position mentioned in 16
             90      U.S.C. Sec. 470a [of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966], as amended.
             91          (20) (a) "State land" means land owned by the state including the state's:
             92          (i) legislative and judicial branches;
             93          (ii) departments, divisions, agencies, boards, commissions, councils, and committees;
             94      and
             95          (iii) institutions of higher education as defined under Section 53B-3-102 .
             96          (b) "State land" does not include:
             97          (i) land owned by a political subdivision of the state;
             98          (ii) land owned by a school district;
             99          (iii) private land; or
             100          (iv) school and institutional trust lands.
             101          [(17)] (21) "Survey" means a surface investigation for archaeological resources that
             102      may include:
             103          (a) insubstantial surface collection of archaeological resources; and
             104          (b) limited subsurface testing that disturbs no more of a site than is necessary to
             105      determine the nature and extent of the archaeological resources or whether the site is a historic
             106      property.
             107          Section 2. Section 9-8-304 is amended to read:
             108           9-8-304. Antiquities Section created -- Duties.
             109          (1) There is created within the division the Antiquities Section.
             110          (2) The Antiquities Section shall:
             111          (a) promote research, study, and activities in the field of antiquities;
             112          (b) assist with the marking, protection, and preservation of sites;
             113          (c) assist with the collection, preservation, and administration of specimens until [they]


             114      the specimens are placed in a repository or curation facility;
             115          (d) provide advice on the protection and orderly development of archaeological
             116      resources, and in doing so confer with the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office if
             117      requested;
             118          (e) assist with the excavation, retrieval, and proper care of ancient human remains [as
             119      authorized by Subsection 76-9-704 (3) and federal law;] discovered on nonfederal lands in
             120      accordance with:
             121          (i) Section 9-8-309 ;
             122          (ii) Section 9-9-403 ;
             123          (iii) Subsection 76-9-704 (3); and
             124          (iv) federal law;
             125          (f) collect and administer site survey and excavation records;
             126          (g) edit and publish antiquities records;
             127          (h) inform the state historic preservation officer in writing about any request for advice
             128      or consultation from an agency or an agency's agent; and
             129          (i) employ an archaeologist meeting the requirements of 36 C.F.R. 61.4.
             130          (3) The Antiquities Section shall cooperate with local, state, and federal agencies and
             131      all interested persons to achieve the purposes of this part and Part 4, Historic Sites.
             132          (4) Before performing the duties specified in Subsections (2)(a) through (e), the
             133      Antiquities Section shall obtain permission from the landowner.
             134          Section 3. Section 9-8-309 is enacted to read:
             135          9-8-309. Ancient human remains on nonfederal lands that are not state lands.
             136          (1) (a) After April 30, 2007, if a person knows or has reason to know that the person
             137      discovered ancient human remains on nonfederal land that is not state land:
             138          (i) the person shall:
             139          (A) cease activity in the area of the discovery until activity may be resumed in
             140      accordance with Subsection (1)(d);
             141          (B) notify a local law enforcement agency in accordance with Section 76-9-704 ; and


             142          (C) notify the person who owns or controls the nonfederal land, if that person is
             143      different than the person who discovers the ancient human remains; and
             144          (ii) the person who owns or controls the nonfederal land shall:
             145          (A) require that activity in the area of the discovery cease until activity may be resumed
             146      in accordance with Subsection (1)(d); and
             147          (B) make a reasonable effort to protect the discovered ancient human remains before
             148      activity may be resumed in accordance with Subsection (1)(d).
             149          (b) (i) If the local law enforcement agency believes after being notified under this
             150      Subsection (1) that a person may have discovered ancient human remains, the local law
             151      enforcement agency shall contact the Antiquities Section.
             152          (ii) The Antiquities Section shall:
             153          (A) within two business days of the day on which the Antiquities Section is notified by
             154      local law enforcement, notify the landowner that the Antiquities Section may excavate and
             155      retrieve the human remains with the landowner's permission; and
             156          (B) if the landowner gives the landowner's permission, excavate the human remains by
             157      no later than:
             158          (I) five business days from the day on which the Antiquities Section obtains the
             159      permission of the landowner under this Subsection (1); or
             160          (II) if extraordinary circumstances exist as provided in Subsection (1)(c), within the
             161      time period designated by the director not to exceed 30 days from the day on which the
             162      Antiquities Section obtains the permission of the landowner under this Subsection (1).
             163          (c) (i) The director may grant the Antiquities Section an extension of time for
             164      excavation and retrieval of ancient human remains not to exceed 30 days from the day on
             165      which the Antiquities Section obtains the permission of the landowner under this Subsection
             166      (1), if the director determines that extraordinary circumstances exist on the basis of objective
             167      criteria such as:
             168          (A) the unusual scope of the ancient human remains;
             169          (B) the complexity or difficulty of excavation or retrieval of the ancient human


             170      remains; or
             171          (C) the landowner's concerns related to the excavation or retrieval of the ancient human
             172      remains.
             173          (ii) If the landowner objects to the time period designated by the director, the
             174      landowner may appeal the decision to the executive director of the department in writing.
             175          (iii) If the executive director receives an appeal from the landowner under this
             176      Subsection (1)(c), the executive director shall:
             177          (A) decide on the appeal within two business days; and
             178          (B) (I) uphold the decision of the director; or
             179          (II) designate a shorter time period than the director designated for the excavation and
             180      retrieval of the ancient human remains.
             181          (iv) An appeal under this Subsection (1)(c) may not be the cause for the delay of the
             182      excavation and retrieval of the ancient human remains.
             183          (v) A decision and appeal under this Subsection (1)(c) is exempt from Title 63,
             184      Chapter 46b, Administrative Procedures Act.
             185          (d) A person that owns or controls nonfederal land that is not state land may engage in
             186      or permit others to engage in activities in the area of the discovery without violating this part or
             187      Section 76-9-704 if once notified of the discovery of ancient human remains on the nonfederal
             188      land, the person:
             189          (i) consents to the Antiquities Section excavating and retrieving the ancient human
             190      remains; and
             191          (ii) engages in or permits others to engage in activities in the area of the discovery only
             192      after:
             193          (A) the day on which the Antiquities Section removes the ancient human remains from
             194      the nonfederal land; or
             195          (B) the time period described in Subsection (1)(b)(ii)(B).
             196          (2) A person that owns or controls nonfederal land that is not state land may not be
             197      required to pay any costs incurred by the state associated with the ancient human remains,


             198      including costs associated with the costs of the:
             199          (a) discovery of ancient human remains;
             200          (b) excavation or retrieval of ancient human remains; or
             201          (c) determination of ownership or disposition of ancient human remains.
             202          (3) For nonfederal land that is not state land, nothing in this section limits or prohibits
             203      the Antiquities Section and a person who owns or controls the nonfederal land from entering
             204      into an agreement addressing the ancient human remains that allows for different terms than
             205      those provided in this section.
             206          (4) The ownership and control of ancient human remains that are the ancient human
             207      remains of a Native American shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 9, Part 4, Native
             208      American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act:
             209          (a) if the ancient human remains are in possession of the state;
             210          (b) if the ancient human remains are not known to have been discovered on lands
             211      owned, controlled, or held in trust by the federal government; and
             212          (c) regardless of when the ancient human remains are discovered.
             213          (5) This section:
             214          (a) does not apply to ancient human remains that are subject to the provisions and
             215      procedures of:
             216          (i) federal law; or
             217          (ii) Part 4, Historic Sites; and
             218          (b) does not modify any property rights of a person that owns or controls nonfederal
             219      land except as to the ownership of the ancient human remains.
             220          (6) The division, Antiquities Section, or Division of Indian Affairs may not make rules
             221      that impose any requirement on a person who discovers ancient human remains or who owns or
             222      controls nonfederal land that is not state land on which ancient human remains are discovered
             223      that is not expressly provided for in this section.
             224          Section 4. Section 9-9-402 is amended to read:
             225           9-9-402. Definitions.


             226          As used in this part:
             227          (1) "Antiquities Section" means the Antiquities Section of the Division of History.
             228          [(1)] (2) "Burial site" means any natural or prepared physical location, whether
             229      originally below, on, or above the surface of the earth, into which as a part of the death rite or
             230      ceremony of a culture individual human remains are deposited.
             231          [(2)] (3) "Cultural affiliation" means that there is a relationship of shared group identity
             232      that can be reasonably traced historically or prehistorically between a present day Indian tribe
             233      and an identifiable earlier group.
             234          [(3)] (4) "Division" means the Division of Indian Affairs.
             235          [(4)] (5) "Indian tribe" means any tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or
             236      community of Indians that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services
             237      provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
             238          [(5)] (6) "Lineal descendant" means the genealogical descendant established by oral or
             239      written record.
             240          [(6)] (7) "Native American" means of or relating to a tribe, people, or culture that is
             241      indigenous to the United States.
             242          (8) "Native American remains" means remains that are Native American.
             243          (9) (a) "Nonfederal land" means land in the state that is not owned, controlled, or held
             244      in trust by the federal government.
             245          (b) "Nonfederal land" includes:
             246          (i) land owned or controlled by:
             247          (A) the state;
             248          (B) a county, city, or town;
             249          (C) an Indian tribe, if the land is not held in trust by the United States for the Indian
             250      tribe or the Indian tribe's members; or
             251          (D) a person other than the federal government; or
             252          (ii) school and institutional trust lands as defined in Section 53C-1-103 .
             253          [(7)] (10) "Remains" means all or part of a physical individual and objects on or


             254      attached to the physical individual that are placed there as part of the death rite or ceremony of
             255      a culture.
             256          [(8)] (11) (a) "State [lands] land" means any [lands] land owned by the state [or its
             257      subdivisions, except school and institutional trust lands as] including the state's:
             258          (i) legislative and judicial branches;
             259          (ii) departments, divisions, agencies, boards, commissions, councils, and committees;
             260      and
             261          (iii) institutions of higher education as defined under Section 53B-3-102 .
             262          (b) "State land" does not include:
             263          (i) land owned by a political subdivision of the state;
             264          (ii) land owned by a school district;
             265          (iii) private land; or
             266          (iv) school and institutional trust lands as defined in Section 53C-1-103 .
             267          Section 5. Section 9-9-403 is amended to read:
             268           9-9-403. Ownership and disposition of Native American remains.
             269          (1) [The] If Native American remains are discovered on nonfederal lands on or after
             270      April 30, 2007, the ownership or control of the Native American remains [that are excavated or
             271      discovered on state lands after the effective date of this part] shall be determined in the
             272      following priority:
             273          (a) first, in the lineal descendants of the Native American;
             274          (b) second, if the lineal descendants cannot be ascertained, in the Indian tribe that has
             275      the closest cultural affiliation with the Native American remains and that states a claim for the
             276      Native American remains; or
             277          (c) third, if cultural affiliation of the Native American remains cannot be reasonably
             278      ascertained and the land is recognized either by a final judgment of the Indian Claims
             279      Commission or through other evidence as the exclusive or joint aboriginal land of some Indian
             280      tribe, in the Indian tribe that is recognized as aboriginally occupying the area in which the
             281      Native American remains [were] are discovered, if that tribe states a claim for the Native


             282      American remains, or in a different tribe if it can be shown by a preponderance of the evidence
             283      that that different tribe has a stronger genetic or cultural relationship with the Native American
             284      remains and that different tribe states a claim for the Native American remains.
             285          (2) Subject to Subsection (7), Native American remains discovered on nonfederal lands
             286      that are not claimed under Subsection (1) shall be disposed of in accordance with rules
             287      [promulgated] made by the division consistent with Chapter 8, Part 3, Antiquities, and in
             288      consultation with Native American groups, representatives of repositories, and the review
             289      committee established under Section 9-9-405 .
             290          (3) The intentional removal or excavation of Native American remains from state lands
             291      may be permitted only if:
             292          (a) the Native American remains are excavated or removed pursuant to a permit issued
             293      under Section 9-8-305 ;
             294          (b) the Native American remains are excavated or removed after consultation with and
             295      written consent of the [land] owner of the state land; and
             296          (c) the ownership or right of control of the disposition of the Native American remains
             297      is determined as provided in Subsections (1) and (2).
             298          (4) (a) Any person who knows or has reason to know that [he or she] the person has
             299      discovered Native American remains on state lands after [the effective date of this part] March
             300      17, 1992 shall notify, in writing, the appropriate state agency having primary management
             301      authority over the lands as provided in Chapter 8, Part 3, Antiquities.
             302          (b) If the discovery [occurred] occurs in connection with construction, mining, logging,
             303      agriculture, or a related activity the person shall cease the activity in the area of the discovery,
             304      make a reasonable effort to protect the Native American remains discovered before resuming
             305      the activity, and provide notice of discovery to the appropriate state agency under Subsection
             306      (4)(a).
             307          (c) Following notification under Subsections (4)(a) and (b) and upon certification by
             308      the head of the appropriate state agency that notification has been received the activity may
             309      resume after compliance with Section 76-9-704 .


             310          (5) Scientific study of Native American remains may be carried out only with approval
             311      of the owner of the Native American remains as established in Subsections (1) and (2). If
             312      ownership is unknown, prior study shall be restricted to those sufficient to identify ownership.
             313      This study shall be approved only in accordance with rules made by the division in consultation
             314      with the review committee established under Section 9-9-405 . The Native American remains
             315      [shall] may not be retained [no] longer than 90 days after the date of establishing ownership.
             316          (6) If there are multiple [requests for repatriation] claims of ownership under
             317      Subsection (1) of any Native American remains and the division cannot clearly determine
             318      which [requesting] party making a claim is the most appropriate claimant, the appropriate state
             319      agency having primary authority over the lands as provided in Chapter 8, Part 3, Antiquities,
             320      may retain the remains until the [requesting parties agree upon its] parties that make a claim for
             321      the Native American remains enter into an agreement concerning the disposition of the Native
             322      American remains or the dispute is otherwise resolved by a court of competent jurisdiction.
             323          (7) The division may not make rules that impose any requirement on a person who
             324      discovers Native American remains or owns or controls nonfederal land that is not state land
             325      on which Native American remains are discovered that is not expressly provided for in Section
             326      9-8-309 .
             327          (8) For purposes of this part, if Native American remains are discovered on nonfederal
             328      land that is not state land, the Antiquities Section shall be considered the state agency having
             329      primary authority over the nonfederal land.
             330          (9) This part does not modify any property rights of a person that owns or controls
             331      nonfederal land except as to the ownership of Native American remains.
             332          Section 6. Section 76-9-704 is amended to read:
             333           76-9-704. Abuse or desecration of a dead human body -- Penalties.
             334          (1) For purposes of this section, "dead human body" includes any part of a human body
             335      in any stage of decomposition, including ancient human remains as defined in Section 9-8-302 .
             336          (2) A person is guilty of abuse or desecration of a dead human body if the person
             337      intentionally and unlawfully:


             338          (a) fails to report the finding of a dead human body to a local law enforcement agency;
             339          (b) disturbs, moves, removes, conceals, or destroys a dead human body or any part of
             340      it;
             341          (c) disinters a buried or otherwise interred dead human body, without authority of a
             342      court order;
             343          (d) dismembers a dead human body to any extent, or damages or detaches any part or
             344      portion of a dead human body; or
             345          (e) (i) commits or attempts to commit upon any dead human body any act of sexual
             346      penetration, regardless of the sex of the actor and of the dead human body; and
             347          (ii) as used in Subsection (2)(e)(i), "sexual penetration" means penetration, however
             348      slight, of the genital or anal opening by any object, substance, instrument, or device, including
             349      a part of the human body, or penetration involving the genitals of the actor and the mouth of
             350      the dead human body.
             351          (3) A person does not violate this section if when that person directs or carries out
             352      procedures regarding a dead human body, that person complies with:
             353          (a) Title 9, Chapter 8, Part 3, Antiquities;
             354          (b) Title 26, Chapter 4, Utah Medical Examiner Act;
             355          (c) Title 26, Chapter 28, Uniform Anatomical Gift Act;
             356          (d) Title 53B, Chapter 17, Part 3, Use of Dead Bodies for Medical Purposes;
             357          (e) Title 58, Chapter 9, Funeral Services Licensing Act; or
             358          (f) Title 58, Chapter 67, Utah Medical Practice Act, which concerns licensing to
             359      practice medicine.
             360          (4) (a) Failure to report the finding of a dead human body as required under Subsection
             361      (2)(a) is a class B misdemeanor.
             362          (b) Abuse or desecration of a dead human body as described in Subsections (2)(b)
             363      through (e) is a third degree felony.


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