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S.B. 1001
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7 LONG TITLE
8 General Description:
9 This bill modifies the Criminal Code regarding animal cruelty by providing that torture
10 of an animal is a felony. This bill amends references to criminal intent and amends
11 certain definitions.
12 Highlighted Provisions:
13 This bill:
14 . amends the definition of necessary food, care, and shelter to include water and
15 shelter as appropriate to the animal and moves the definitions to the beginning of
16 the section;
17 . clarifies the general applicability of the exemption for acting under a legal privilege;
18 . provides an exemption for animals kept and used for training hunting dogs and
19 falcons and also for animals kept or owned by a zoological park;
20 . includes the offense of seriously injuring an animal;
21 . provides that torturing an animal is a third degree felony and provides a definition
22 of torture;
23 . provides that the court shall state on the record the reasons a person convicted of
24 animal cruelty is not required to receive treatment, pay restitution, or to not have
25 possession of animals for a specified period;
26 . provides an exemption regarding torture if the animals are used for agricultural
27 purposes;
28 . provides that after the first priority of placing the animal through adoption, the
29 option of offering the animal for sale at auction precedes the option of euthanasia;
30 and
31 . amends the definition of conviction to include pleas in abeyance or of nolo
32 contendere.
33 Monies Appropriated in this Bill:
34 None
35 Other Special Clauses:
36 None
37 Utah Code Sections Affected:
38 AMENDS:
39 76-3-203.3, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2007, Chapter 229
40 76-9-301, as last amended by Laws of Utah 1996, Second Special Session, Chapter 7
41 76-9-301.5, as last amended by Laws of Utah 1996, Second Special Session, Chapter 7
42 76-9-301.6, as last amended by Laws of Utah 1998, Chapter 282
43 76-9-301.7, as enacted by Laws of Utah 1996, Second Special Session, Chapter 7
44 76-10-1602, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2007, Chapter 129
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46 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
47 Section 1. Section 76-3-203.3 is amended to read:
48 76-3-203.3. Penalty for hate crimes -- Civil rights violation.
49 As used in this section:
50 (1) "Primary offense" means those offenses provided in Subsection (4).
51 (2) (a) A person who commits any primary offense with the intent to intimidate or
52 terrorize another person or with reason to believe that his action would intimidate or terrorize
53 that person is subject to Subsection (2)(b).
54 (b) (i) A class C misdemeanor primary offense is a class B misdemeanor; and
55 (ii) a class B misdemeanor primary offense is a class A misdemeanor.
56 (3) "Intimidate or terrorize" means an act which causes the person to fear for his
57 physical safety or damages the property of that person or another. The act must be
58 accompanied with the intent to cause or has the effect of causing a person to reasonably fear to
59 freely exercise or enjoy any right secured by the Constitution or laws of the state or by the
60 Constitution or laws of the United States.
61 (4) Primary offenses referred to in Subsection (1) are the misdemeanor offenses for:
62 (a) assault and related offenses under Sections 76-5-102 , 76-5-102.4 , 76-5-106 ,
63 76-5-107 , and 76-5-108 ;
64 (b) any misdemeanor property destruction offense under Sections 76-6-102 and
65 76-6-104 , and Subsection 76-6-106 (2)(b);
66 (c) any criminal trespass offense under Sections 76-6-204 and 76-6-206 ;
67 (d) any misdemeanor theft offense under Section 76-6-412 ;
68 (e) any offense of obstructing government operations under Sections 76-8-301 ,
69 76-8-302 , 76-8-304 , 76-8-305 , 76-8-306 , 76-8-307 , 76-8-308 , and 76-8-313 ;
70 (f) any offense of interfering or intending to interfere with activities of colleges and
71 universities under Title 76, Chapter 8, Part 7, Colleges and Universities;
72 (g) any misdemeanor offense against public order and decency as defined in Title 76,
73 Chapter 9, Part 1, Breaches of the Peace and Related Offenses;
74 (h) any telephone abuse offense under Title 76, Chapter 9, Part 2, Telephone Abuse;
75 (i) any misdemeanor cruelty to animals offense under Section 76-9-301 ; and
76 (j) any weapons offense under Section 76-10-506 .
77 (5) This section does not affect or limit any individual's constitutional right to the
78 lawful expression of free speech or other recognized rights secured by the Constitution or laws
79 of the state or by the Constitution or laws of the United States.
80 Section 2. Section 76-9-301 is amended to read:
81 76-9-301. Cruelty to animals.
82 (1) As used in this section:
83 (a) "Abandon" means to deposit, leave, or drop off any live animal:
84 (i) without providing for the care of that animal; or
85 (ii) in a situation where conditions present an immediate, direct, and serious threat to
86 the life, safety, or health of the animal.
87 (b) (i) "Animal" means a live, nonhuman, vertebrate creature.
88 (ii) "Animal" does not include:
89 (A) animals owned, kept, managed, or used for agricultural purposes and cared for in
90 accordance with accepted husbandry practices, including animals kept or owned for
91 agricultural purposes as part of a small farm or activity that is operated without expectation of
92 its being a primary source of income;
93 (B) animals used for rodeo purposes and cared for in accordance with accepted
94 husbandry practices;
95 (C) animals kept or owned by a zoological park that is:
96 (I) accredited by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association and cared for in
97 accordance with accepted husbandry practices; or
98 (II) owned or operated by a member of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association
99 and cared for in accordance with accepted husbandry practices;
100 (D) protected and unprotected wildlife as defined in Section 23-13-2 ; and
101 (E) animals kept or owned for the purpose of training hunting dogs or falcons and
102 cared for in accordance with accepted husbandry practices.
103 (c) "Custody" means ownership, possession, or control over an animal.
104 (d) "Legal privilege" means an act:
105 (i) authorized by state law, including Division of Wildlife Resources statutes and rules;
106 and
107 (ii) conducted in compliance with local ordinances.
108 (e) "Necessary food, water, care, and shelter" means the following, taking into account
109 the species, age, and physical condition of the animal:
110 (i) appropriate and essential food and water;
111 (ii) veterinary care; and
112 (iii) adequate protection, including appropriate shelter, against extreme weather
113 conditions.
114 (f) "Torture" means a person:
115 (i) intentionally or knowingly inflicts on another or subjects another to extreme
116 physical pain or serious bodily injury as defined in Section 76-1-601 ; and
117 (ii) acts under circumstances evidencing extreme cruelty or depravity.
118 [
119 privilege to do so, intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence:
120 (a) fails to provide necessary food, water, care, or shelter for an animal in his custody;
121 (b) abandons an animal in the person's custody;
122 (c) transports or confines an animal in a cruel manner;
123 (d) injures an animal;
124 (e) causes any animal, not including a dog, to fight with another animal of like kind for
125 amusement or gain; or
126 (f) causes any animal, including a dog, to fight with a different kind of animal or
127 creature for amusement or gain.
128 [
129 (a) a class B misdemeanor if committed intentionally or knowingly; and
130 (b) a class C misdemeanor if committed recklessly or with criminal negligence.
131 [
132 having legal privilege to do so:
133 [
134 [
135 an animal [
136 (ii) knowingly or intentionally places or causes to be placed in a location accessible to
137 an animal, a poison or poisonous substance that is attractive to one or more species of animals;
138 (b) causes to an animal serious bodily injury as defined in Section 76-1-601 ; or
139 (c) kills an animal or causes an animal to be killed [
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141 under Subsection (6).
142 [
143 (a) a class A misdemeanor if committed intentionally or knowingly;
144 (b) a class B misdemeanor if committed recklessly; and
145 (c) a class C misdemeanor if committed with criminal negligence.
146 (6) (a) A person is guilty of felony animal cruelty if a person tortures an animal,
147 including if the person causes the animal's death by torture.
148 (b) A violation of Subsection (6)(a) is a third degree felony.
149 (c) This Subsection (6) does not apply to an animal owned, kept, managed, or used for
150 agricultural purposes, if the actor owns the animal or has lawful authority to keep, manage, or
151 use the animal.
152 [
153 towards the animal was:
154 (a) by a licensed veterinarian using accepted veterinary practice;
155 (b) directly related to bona fide experimentation for scientific research, provided that if
156 the animal is to be destroyed, the manner employed will not be unnecessarily cruel unless
157 directly necessary to the veterinary purpose or scientific research involved;
158 (c) permitted under Section 18-1-3 , which permits killing or injuring a dog under
159 certain circumstances;
160 (d) by a person who humanely destroys any animal found suffering past recovery for
161 any useful purpose; or
162 (e) by a person who humanely destroys any apparently abandoned animal found on the
163 person's property.
164 [
165 animal, the person who is not the owner of the animal shall obtain:
166 (a) the judgment of a veterinarian of the animal's nonrecoverable condition;
167 (b) the judgment of two other persons called by the person to view the unrecoverable
168 condition of the animal in the person's presence;
169 (c) the consent from the owner of the animal to the destruction of the animal; or
170 (d) a reasonable conclusion that the animal's suffering is beyond recovery, through the
171 person's own observation, if the person is in a location or circumstance where the person is
172 unable to contact another person.
173 [
174 of animals, so long as the methods used are in accordance with accepted husbandry practices.
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176 training collar by the owner of an animal for the purpose of lawful animal training, lawful
177 hunting practices, or protecting against loss of that animal.
178 (b) County and municipal governments may not prohibit the use of an electronic
179 locating or training collar.
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182 (11)(b) and (c) unless the court states on the record the reasons the court finds imposition of
183 any of the provisions to be inappropriate.
184 (ii) The court may impose any additional penalties[
185 the case before it.
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187 (i) to [
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189 treatment addressing the issues involved in animal abuse and to pay the costs of the evaluation
190 and [
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192 subjected to a violation of this section [
193 (iii) to repay the reasonable costs incurred by any person or agency in caring for each
194 animal subjected to violation of this section; and
195 [
196 specified by the court, during the period of the defendant's probation or parole or other period
197 as designated by the court[
198 [
199 following order of priority, with Subsection (11)(c)(i) being the first priority:
200 (i) place the animal for the purpose of adoption or care in the custody of a county and
201 municipal animal control agency[
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203 (ii) sell the animal at public auction[
204 (iii) euthanize the animal humanely.
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221 Section 3. Section 76-9-301.5 is amended to read:
222 76-9-301.5. Spectator at organized animal fighting exhibitions -- Penalty.
223 (1) It is unlawful for a person to knowingly be present as a spectator at any place,
224 building, or tenement where preparations are being made for an exhibition of the fighting of
225 animals, as prohibited by [
226 at [
227 (2) A person who violates [
228 misdemeanor.
229 Section 4. Section 76-9-301.6 is amended to read:
230 76-9-301.6. Dog fighting exhibition -- Authority to arrest and take possession of
231 dogs and property.
232 (1) A peace officer, as defined in Title 53, Chapter 13, Peace Officer Classifications,
233 may enter any place, building, or tenement where an exhibition of dog fighting is occurring, or
234 where preparations are being made for [
235 persons present.
236 (2) (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 76-9-305 , any authorized officer who
237 makes an arrest under Subsection (1) may lawfully take possession of all dogs, paraphernalia,
238 implements, or other property or things used or employed, or to be employed, in an exhibition
239 of dog fighting prohibited by Subsection 76-9-301 [
240 (b) The officer, at the time of the taking of property pursuant to Subsection (2)(a), shall
241 state his name and provide other identifying information to the person in charge of the dogs or
242 property taken.
243 (3) (a) After taking possession of dogs, paraphernalia, implements, or other property or
244 things under Subsection (2), the officer shall file an affidavit with the judge or magistrate
245 before whom a complaint has been made against any person arrested under this section.
246 (b) The affidavit shall include:
247 (i) the name of the person charged in the complaint;
248 (ii) a description of all property taken;
249 (iii) the time and place of the taking of the property;
250 (iv) the name of the person from whom the property was taken;
251 (v) the name of the person who claims to own the property, if known; and
252 (vi) a statement that the officer has reason to believe and believes that the property
253 taken was used or employed, or was to be used or employed, in violation of Section 76-9-301
254 or 76-9-301.1 , and the grounds for the belief.
255 (4) (a) The officer shall deliver the confiscated property to the judge or magistrate who
256 shall, by order, place the property in the custody of the officer or any other person designated in
257 the order, and that person shall keep the property until conviction or final discharge of the
258 person against whom the complaint was made.
259 (b) The person designated in Subsection (4)(a) shall assume immediate custody of the
260 property, and retain the property until further order of the court.
261 (c) Upon conviction of the person charged, all confiscated property shall be forfeited
262 and destroyed or otherwise disposed of, as the court may order.
263 (d) If the person charged is acquitted or discharged without conviction, the court shall,
264 on demand, order the property to be returned to its owner.
265 Section 5. Section 76-9-301.7 is amended to read:
266 76-9-301.7. Cruelty to animals -- Enhanced penalties.
267 (1) "Conviction":
268 (a) means a conviction by plea [
269 ill, or no contest, or a verdict[
270 (b) includes a plea that is held in abeyance under Title 77, Chapter 2a, Pleas in
271 Abeyance, even if the charge has been subsequently reduced or dismissed in accordance with
272 the plea in abeyance agreement.
273 (2) A person who commits any violation of Section 76-9-301 , Section 76-9-301.5 , or
274 Subsection 76-9-301.1 (1) or (4) within the state and on at least one previous occasion has been
275 convicted of violating Section 76-9-301 , Section 76-9-301.5 , or Subsection 76-9-301.1 (1) or
276 (4) [
277 similar to any of these offenses is subject to an enhanced penalty [
278 Subsection (3).
279 (3) The enhanced degree of offense for offenses committed under this section are:
280 (a) if the offense is a class C misdemeanor, it is a class B misdemeanor; and
281 (b) if the offense is a class B misdemeanor, it is a class A misdemeanor.
282 (4) (a) The prosecuting attorney, or grand jury if an indictment is returned, shall
283 provide written notice upon the information or indictment that the defendant is subject to an
284 enhanced degree of offense or penalty under Subsection (3). The notice shall be served upon
285 the defendant or his attorney not later than ten days prior to trial.
286 (b) If the notice is not included initially, the court may subsequently allow the
287 prosecutor to amend the charging document to include the notice if the court finds:
288 (i) that the amended charging documents, including any statement of probable cause,
289 provide notice that the defendant is subject to an enhanced penalty provided under this section;
290 and
291 (ii) that the defendant has not otherwise been substantially prejudiced by the
292 amendment.
293 Section 6. Section 76-10-1602 is amended to read:
294 76-10-1602. Definitions.
295 As used in this part:
296 (1) "Enterprise" means any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation,
297 business trust, association, or other legal entity, and any union or group of individuals
298 associated in fact although not a legal entity, and includes illicit as well as licit entities.
299 (2) "Pattern of unlawful activity" means engaging in conduct which constitutes the
300 commission of at least three episodes of unlawful activity, which episodes are not isolated, but
301 have the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission, or
302 otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics. Taken together, the episodes shall
303 demonstrate continuing unlawful conduct and be related either to each other or to the
304 enterprise. At least one of the episodes comprising a pattern of unlawful activity shall have
305 occurred after July 31, 1981. The most recent act constituting part of a pattern of unlawful
306 activity as defined by this part shall have occurred within five years of the commission of the
307 next preceding act alleged as part of the pattern.
308 (3) "Person" includes any individual or entity capable of holding a legal or beneficial
309 interest in property, including state, county, and local governmental entities.
310 (4) "Unlawful activity" means to directly engage in conduct or to solicit, request,
311 command, encourage, or intentionally aid another person to engage in conduct which would
312 constitute any offense described by the following crimes or categories of crimes, or to attempt
313 or conspire to engage in an act which would constitute any of those offenses, regardless of
314 whether the act is in fact charged or indicted by any authority or is classified as a misdemeanor
315 or a felony:
316 (a) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 13, Chapter 10, Unauthorized
317 Recording Practices Act;
318 (b) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 19, Environmental Quality
319 Code, Sections 19-1-101 through 19-7-109 ;
320 (c) taking, destroying, or possessing wildlife or parts of wildlife for the primary
321 purpose of sale, trade, or other pecuniary gain, in violation of Title 23, Chapter 13, Wildlife
322 Resources Code of Utah, or Section 23-20-4 ;
323 (d) false claims for medical benefits, kickbacks, and any other act prohibited by False
324 Claims Act, Sections 26-20-1 through 26-20-12 ;
325 (e) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 32A, Chapter 12, Criminal
326 Offenses;
327 (f) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 57, Chapter 11, Utah Uniform
328 Land Sales Practices Act;
329 (g) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 58, Chapter 37, Utah
330 Controlled Substances Act, or Title 58, Chapter 37b, Imitation Controlled Substances Act,
331 Title 58, Chapter 37c, Utah Controlled Substance Precursor Act, or Title 58, Chapter 37d,
332 Clandestine Drug Lab Act;
333 (h) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 61, Chapter 1, Utah Uniform
334 Securities Act;
335 (i) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 63, Chapter 56, Utah
336 Procurement Code;
337 (j) assault or aggravated assault, Sections 76-5-102 and 76-5-103 ;
338 (k) a terroristic threat, Section 76-5-107 ;
339 (l) criminal homicide, Sections 76-5-201 , 76-5-202 , and 76-5-203 ;
340 (m) kidnapping or aggravated kidnapping, Sections 76-5-301 and 76-5-302 ;
341 (n) sexual exploitation of a minor, Section 76-5a-3 ;
342 (o) arson or aggravated arson, Sections 76-6-102 and 76-6-103 ;
343 (p) causing a catastrophe, Section 76-6-105 ;
344 (q) burglary or aggravated burglary, Sections 76-6-202 and 76-6-203 ;
345 (r) burglary of a vehicle, Section 76-6-204 ;
346 (s) manufacture or possession of an instrument for burglary or theft, Section 76-6-205 ;
347 (t) robbery or aggravated robbery, Sections 76-6-301 and 76-6-302 ;
348 (u) theft, Section 76-6-404 ;
349 (v) theft by deception, Section 76-6-405 ;
350 (w) theft by extortion, Section 76-6-406 ;
351 (x) receiving stolen property, Section 76-6-408 ;
352 (y) theft of services, Section 76-6-409 ;
353 (z) forgery, Section 76-6-501 ;
354 (aa) fraudulent use of a credit card, Sections 76-6-506.1 , 76-6-506.2 , and 76-6-506.4 ;
355 (bb) deceptive business practices, Section 76-6-507 ;
356 (cc) bribery or receiving bribe by person in the business of selection, appraisal, or
357 criticism of goods, Section 76-6-508 ;
358 (dd) bribery of a labor official, Section 76-6-509 ;
359 (ee) defrauding creditors, Section 76-6-511 ;
360 (ff) acceptance of deposit by insolvent financial institution, Section 76-6-512 ;
361 (gg) unlawful dealing with property by fiduciary, Section 76-6-513 ;
362 (hh) bribery or threat to influence contest, Section 76-6-514 ;
363 (ii) making a false credit report, Section 76-6-517 ;
364 (jj) criminal simulation, Section 76-6-518 ;
365 (kk) criminal usury, Section 76-6-520 ;
366 (ll) fraudulent insurance act, Section 76-6-521 ;
367 (mm) retail theft, Section 76-6-602 ;
368 (nn) computer crimes, Section 76-6-703 ;
369 (oo) identity fraud, Section 76-6-1102 ;
370 (pp) sale of a child, Section 76-7-203 ;
371 (qq) bribery to influence official or political actions, Section 76-8-103 ;
372 (rr) threats to influence official or political action, Section 76-8-104 ;
373 (ss) receiving bribe or bribery by public servant, Section 76-8-105 ;
374 (tt) receiving bribe or bribery for endorsement of person as public servant, Section
375 76-8-106 ;
376 (uu) official misconduct, Sections 76-8-201 and 76-8-202 ;
377 (vv) obstruction of justice, Section 76-8-306 ;
378 (ww) acceptance of bribe or bribery to prevent criminal prosecution, Section 76-8-308 ;
379 (xx) false or inconsistent material statements, Section 76-8-502 ;
380 (yy) false or inconsistent statements, Section 76-8-503 ;
381 (zz) written false statements, Section 76-8-504 ;
382 (aaa) tampering with a witness or soliciting or receiving a bribe, Section 76-8-508 ;
383 (bbb) retaliation against a witness, victim, or informant, Section 76-8-508.3 ;
384 (ccc) extortion or bribery to dismiss criminal proceeding, Section 76-8-509 ;
385 (ddd) public assistance fraud in violation of Section 76-8-1203 , 76-8-1204 , or
386 76-8-1205 ;
387 (eee) unemployment insurance fraud, Section 76-8-1301 ;
388 (fff) intentionally or knowingly causing one animal to fight with another, Subsection
389 76-9-301 [
390 (ggg) possession, use, or removal of explosives, chemical, or incendiary devices or
391 parts, Section 76-10-306 ;
392 (hhh) delivery to common carrier, mailing, or placement on premises of an incendiary
393 device, Section 76-10-307 ;
394 (iii) possession of a deadly weapon with intent to assault, Section 76-10-507 ;
395 (jjj) unlawful marking of pistol or revolver, Section 76-10-521 ;
396 (kkk) alteration of number or mark on pistol or revolver, Section 76-10-522 ;
397 (lll) forging or counterfeiting trademarks, trade name, or trade device, Section
398 76-10-1002 ;
399 (mmm) selling goods under counterfeited trademark, trade name, or trade devices,
400 Section 76-10-1003 ;
401 (nnn) sales in containers bearing registered trademark of substituted articles, Section
402 76-10-1004 ;
403 (ooo) selling or dealing with article bearing registered trademark or service mark with
404 intent to defraud, Section 76-10-1006 ;
405 (ppp) gambling, Section 76-10-1102 ;
406 (qqq) gambling fraud, Section 76-10-1103 ;
407 (rrr) gambling promotion, Section 76-10-1104 ;
408 (sss) possessing a gambling device or record, Section 76-10-1105 ;
409 (ttt) confidence game, Section 76-10-1109 ;
410 (uuu) distributing pornographic material, Section 76-10-1204 ;
411 (vvv) inducing acceptance of pornographic material, Section 76-10-1205 ;
412 (www) dealing in harmful material to a minor, Section 76-10-1206 ;
413 (xxx) distribution of pornographic films, Section 76-10-1222 ;
414 (yyy) indecent public displays, Section 76-10-1228 ;
415 (zzz) prostitution, Section 76-10-1302 ;
416 (aaaa) aiding prostitution, Section 76-10-1304 ;
417 (bbbb) exploiting prostitution, Section 76-10-1305 ;
418 (cccc) aggravated exploitation of prostitution, Section 76-10-1306 ;
419 (dddd) communications fraud, Section 76-10-1801 ;
420 (eeee) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of Title 76, Chapter 10, Part 19,
421 Money Laundering and Currency Transaction Reporting Act;
422 (ffff) any act prohibited by the criminal provisions of the laws governing taxation in
423 this state; and
424 (gggg) any act illegal under the laws of the United States and enumerated in Title 18,
425 Section 1961 (1)(B), (C), and (D) of the United States Code.
Legislative Review Note
as of 8-17-07 10:53 AM